Wind Energy Assessment of Michigan City, United States

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael K. Okorie ◽  
Uzumma O. Ozeh ◽  
Xiuling Wang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Energy Assessment ◽  
Solar Powered

There is a growing need for an environmentally friendly source of energy that can replace the conventional fossil fuel energy. This is because the effects of global warming is becoming very obvious, as evidenced by the severe flooding that occurred in the U.S. in 20171. Two notable solutions to this dilemma are wind and solar energy. Solar powered devices derive their energy from the sun, hence, the amount of energy is severely limited during the cold months of the year when solar intensity is typically low. Wind energy, on the other hand is most prevalent during this cold months when the wind speed is typically higher. The aim of this research is therefore to conduct a comprehensive assessment of wind energy potential in Michigan City, Indiana, United States. This information will allow homeowners and investors with interest in alternative energy to make critical decisions in this regard. The study was conducted using wind speed data collected over a five-year period from 2012 to 2016. In this work, we have also determined the best method for evaluating the Weibull parameters (shape and scale factors) for wind data analysis. The site average wind speed ranged from 4m/s to 9m/s with a peak in the winter months and minimum in the summer months. The wind speed with the maximum energy at the hub height varied between 5.84 m/s in August 2016 to 12.79 m/s in October 2012 with annual average speeds between 8.85 and 9.35 m/s and a five-year average of 9.13 m/s. The prevailing wind speed was within the range of 4–8m/s and strongest on the Southern part of the site especially in the South Southeastern direction. Consequently, siting a wind turbine on the Southern part of the City would generate more energy than on any other direction. Among the turbines analyzed, ITALTECH 250 will yield the maximize energy production with a capacity factor of 0.385 and average annual energy production of 840 MWh/yr. The results presented in this work proves the great potential for investments in wind energy in Michigan City.

scholarly journals The Wind Energy Potential of Kurdistan, Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzad Arefi ◽  
Jamal Moshtagh ◽  
Mohammad Moradi
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Energy Assessment ◽  
Technical Specifications ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Calm Wind

In the current work by using statistical methods and available software, the wind energy assessment of prone regions for installation of wind turbines in, Qorveh, has been investigated. Information was obtained from weather stations of Baneh, Bijar, Zarina, Saqez, Sanandaj, Qorveh, and Marivan. The monthly average and maximum of wind speed were investigated between the years 2000–2010 and the related curves were drawn. The Golobad curve (direction and percentage of dominant wind and calm wind as monthly rate) between the years 1997–2000 was analyzed and drawn with plot software. The ten-minute speed (at 10, 30, and 60 m height) and direction (at 37.5 and 10 m height) wind data were collected from weather stations of Iranian new energy organization. The wind speed distribution during one year was evaluated by using Weibull probability density function (two-parametrical), and the Weibull curve histograms were drawn by MATLAB software. According to the average wind speed of stations and technical specifications of the types of turbines, the suitable wind turbine for the station was selected. Finally, the Divandareh and Qorveh sites with favorable potential were considered for installation of wind turbines and construction of wind farms.

Techno-economic analysis of wind energy potential in Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
pp. 095765092110015
Author(s):  
Hamed H Pourasl ◽  
Vahid M Khojastehnezhad
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Average Wind ◽  
Wind Energy Potential

The use of renewable energy as a future energy source is attracting considerable research interest globally. In particular, there is a significant growth in wind energy utilization during the last few years. This present study through a detailed and systematic literature survey assesses the wind energy potential of Kazakhstan for the first time. Using the Weibull distribution function and hourly wind speed data, the annual power and energy density of the sites are calculated. For the 50 sites considered in this study and at a height of 10 m above the ground, the annual average wind speed, the power density, and energy production of Kazakhstan range from 0.94–5.15 m/s, 4.50–169.34 W/m2 and 39.56–1502.50 kWh/m2/yr, respectively. It was found that Fort Sevcenko, Atbasar, and Akmola are the three best locations for wind turbine installation with wind power densities of 169.34, 135.30, and 111.51 W/m2, respectively. Fort Sevcenko demonstrates the highest potential for wind energy harvesting with an energy density of 1483.46 kWh/m2/yr. For the 15 commercial wind turbines, it was observed that the annual energy production of the selected turbines ranges between 3.8 GWh/yr in Petropavlovsk to 15.4 GWh/yr in Fort Sevcenko among the top six locations. The lowest and highest capacity factors correspond to the same sites with the values of 29.21% and 58.66%, respectively. Overall, it is the intention of this study to constitute a database for the users and developers of wind power in Kazakhstan.

Calculation of Weibull Distribution parameters at low wind speed and performance analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Yusuf Alper Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Weibull Distribution ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Statistical Indicator ◽  
Low Wind Speed ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Wind Energy Potential ◽  
And Performance

In this study, the compatibility of the real wind energy potential to the estimated wind energy potential by Weibull Distribution Function (WDF) of a region with low average wind speed potential was examined. The main purpose of this study is to examine the performance of six different methods used to find the coefficients of the WDF and to determine the best performing method for selected region. In this study seven-year hourly wind speed data obtained from the general directorate of meteorology of this region was used. The root mean square error (RMSE) statistical indicator was used to compare the efficiency of all used methods. Another main purpose of this study is to observe the how the performance of the used methods changes over the years. The obtained results showed that the performances of the used methods showed slight changes over the years, but when evaluated in general, it was observed that all method showed acceptable performance. Based on the obtained results, when the seven-year data is evaluated in this selected region, it can be said that the MM method shows the best performance.

Wind Energy Potential in Nine Coastal Sites in Malaysia

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Kamaruzzaman Sopian ◽  
Tamer Khatib
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Speed Distribution ◽  
Average Wind ◽  
Wind Speed Distribution ◽  
Wind Energy Potential ◽  
Swept Area

 In this paper, the wind energy potential in Malaysia is examined by analyzing hourly wind speed data for nine coastal sites namely Bintulu, Kota Kinabalu, Kuala Terengganu, Kuching, Kudat, Mersing, Sandakan, Tawau and Pulau Langkawi. The monthly averages of wind speed and wind energy are calculated. Moreover, the wind speed distribution histogram is constructed for these sites. The results showed that the average wind speed for these sites is in the range of (1.8-2.9) m/s while the annual energy of the wind hitting a wind turbine with a 1 m2 swept area is in the range of (15.4-25.2) kWh/m2.annum. This paper provides a data bank for wind energy for Malaysia.

Wind resource assessment and wind farm modeling in Mossobo-Harena area, North Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
pp. 0309524X2092540
Author(s):  
Addisu Dagne Zegeye
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Wind Energy Potential

Although Ethiopia does not have significant fossil fuel resource, it is endowed with a huge amount of renewable energy resources such as hydro, wind, geothermal, and solar power. However, only a small portion of these resources has been utilized so far and less than 30% of the nation’s population has access to electricity. The wind energy potential of the country is estimated to be up to 10 GW. Yet less than 5% of this potential is developed so far. One of the reasons for this low utilization of wind energy in Ethiopia is the absence of a reliable and accurate wind atlas and resource maps. Development of reliable and accurate wind atlas and resource maps helps to identify candidate sites for wind energy applications and facilitates the planning and implementation of wind energy projects. The main purpose of this research is to assess the wind energy potential and model wind farm in the Mossobo-Harena site of North Ethiopia. In this research, wind data collected for 2 years from Mossobo-Harena site meteorological station were analyzed using different statistical software to evaluate the wind energy potential of the area. Average wind speed and power density, distribution of the wind, prevailing direction, turbulence intensity, and wind shear profile of the site were determined. Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program was used to generate the generalized wind climate of the area and develop resource maps. Wind farm layout and preliminary turbine micro-sitting were done by taking various factors into consideration. The IEC wind turbine class of the site was determined and an appropriate wind turbine for the study area wind climate was selected and the net annual energy production and capacity factor of the wind farm were determined. The measured data analysis conducted indicates that the mean wind speed at 10 and 40 m above the ground level is 5.12 and 6.41 m/s, respectively, at measuring site. The measuring site’s mean power density was determined to be 138.55 and 276.52 W/m2 at 10 and 40 m above the ground level, respectively. The prevailing wind direction in the site is from east to south east where about 60% of the wind was recorded. The resource grid maps developed by Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program on a 10 km × 10 km area at 50 m above the ground level indicate that the selected study area has a mean wind speed of 5.58 m/s and a mean power density of 146 W/m2. The average turbulence intensity of the site was found to be 0.136 at 40 m which indicates that the site has a moderate turbulence level. According to the resource assessment done, the area is classified as a wind Class IIIB site. A 2-MW rated power ENERCON E-82 E2 wind turbine which is an IEC Class IIB turbine with 82 m rotor diameter and 98 m hub height was selected for estimation of annual energy production on the proposed wind farm. 88 ENERCON E-82 E2 wind turbines were properly sited in the wind farm with recommended spacing between the turbines so as to reduce the wake loss. The rated power of the wind farm is 180.4 MW and the net annual energy production and capacity factor of the proposed wind farm were determined to be 434.315 GWh and 27.48% after considering various losses in the wind farm.

scholarly journals Assessment of Wind Energy Potential In Zwara, Libya

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alhassan A. Teyabeen ◽  
Fathi R. Akkari ◽  
Ali E. Jwaid ◽  
Ashraf Zaghwan ◽  
Rehab Abodelah
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Power Density ◽  
Wind Energy Potential ◽  
Wind Resource

To assess the wind energy potential at any site, the wind power density should be estimated; it evaluates the wind resource and indicates the amount of available wind energy. The purpose of this study is to estimate the monthly and annual wind power density based on the Weibull distribution using wind speed data collected in Zwara, Libya during 2007. The wind date are measured at the three hub heights of 10m, 30m, and 50m above ground level, and recorded every 10 minutes. The analysis showed that the annual average wind speed are 4.51, 5.86, 6.26 m/s for the respective mentioned heights. The average annual wind power densities at the mentioned heights were 113.71, 204.19, 243.48 , respectively.

Wind Energy Potential in Nine Coastal Sites in Malaysia

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Kamaruzzaman Sopian ◽  
Tamer Khatib
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Speed Distribution ◽  
Average Wind ◽  
Wind Speed Distribution ◽  
Wind Energy Potential ◽  
Swept Area

 In this paper, the wind energy potential in Malaysia is examined by analyzing hourly wind speed data for nine coastal sites namely Bintulu, Kota Kinabalu, Kuala Terengganu, Kuching, Kudat, Mersing, Sandakan, Tawau and Pulau Langkawi. The monthly averages of wind speed and wind energy are calculated. Moreover, the wind speed distribution histogram is constructed for these sites. The results showed that the average wind speed for these sites is in the range of (1.8-2.9) m/s while the annual energy of the wind hitting a wind turbine with a 1 m2 swept area is in the range of (15.4-25.2) kWh/m2.annum. This paper provides a data bank for wind energy for Malaysia.

scholarly journals The Forecasting Procedure for Long-Term Wind Speed in the Zhangye Area

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenhai Guo ◽  
Yao Dong ◽  
Jianzhou Wang ◽  
Haiyan Lu
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Ancillary Service ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Wind Speed Forecasting

Energy crisis has made it urgent to find alternative energy sources for sustainable energy supply; wind energy is one of the attractive alternatives. Within a wind energy system, the wind speed is one key parameter; accurately forecasting of wind speed can minimize the scheduling errors and in turn increase the reliability of the electric power grid and reduce the power market ancillary service costs. This paper proposes a new hybrid model for long-term wind speed forecasting based on the first definite season index method and the Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) models or the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) forecasting models. The forecasting errors are analyzed and compared with the ones obtained from the ARMA, GARCH model, and Support Vector Machine (SVM); the simulation process and results show that the developed method is simple and quite efficient for daily average wind speed forecasting of Hexi Corridor in China.

scholarly journals Economic Analysis of Wind Turbine Installation in Taiwan

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeeng-Min Ling ◽  
Kunkerati Lublertlop
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Capacity Factor ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Hourly Data ◽  
Turbine Installation

The wind speed characteristics are analyzed statistically based on a long-term hourly data record to evaluate the proper wind energy potential. The annual average wind speed and wind power density are investigated and compared by some significant indices, wind energy output and capacity factor, to show the variations of proper wind turbine specifications of installation in different locations of Taiwan. The minimum cost of wind energy is used to assess the economical feasibility for turbine installation in Taiwan. Great variations occur in the simulation results in both of the cost of energy and capacity factor. The detailed statistical analysis should be conducted to ensure the successful operation after wind turbine installations.

scholarly journals A Research on Electricity Generation from Wind Corridors of Pakistan (Two Provinces): A Technical Proposal for Remote Zones

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazhar Baloch ◽  
Safdar Abro ◽  
Ghulam Sarwar Kaloi ◽  
Nayyar Mirjat ◽  
Sohaib Tahir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Load Shedding ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

The non-renewable energy resources are limited and depleting gradually. As such, energy security has attained the greatest amount of attention globally than ever before. In the meantime, energy crises are already affecting the developing countries such as Pakistan, even though one-third of the population of the country is not even not connected to the national electricity grid. The population with access to on-grid electricity is enduring load shedding of more than 12 h a day. This situation is alarming and require immediate attention is required so as to add alternative energy resources to the country, which has long been relying on imported fuels. It is, therefore, high time that the abundant potential in the renewable energy resources of Pakistan such as solar, wind, and biomass are harnessed. These renewable energy resources are economical and environmentally friendly, and thus considered as sustainable, and the utilization of these in meeting energy demands can help to conserve conventional resources early diminishing. This paper provides a detailed description of the energy consumption and load-shedding scenario in Pakistan thereby focusing specifically Sindh and Baluchistan provinces. Since, wind energy is considered one of the cost-effective renewable resources, six potential sites in these two provinces are considered in this study. These sites lie within 250 km of the southeastern and 800 km of the southwestern regions of Pakistan. One-year wind speed data have been reported for variable heights of these proposed sites which represent to have an annual average wind speed of 6.63 m/s and 5.33 m/s respectively. The power generation data for these location of two provinces is 7.653 GWh, and 5.456 GWh per annum respectively. This study also elaborates on the advantages and disadvantages of harvesting and installing the wind energy and provides a technical proposal for the generation of electricity from the wind in the selected remote zones which are off the national grid. The findings of this paper will help concerned government departments to devise appropriate policies and attract investment in the wind energy sector to eradicate the on-going electricity crisis.

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