Spray Performance of Alternative Jet Fuel Based Nanofuels at High-Ambient Conditions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Soltan ◽  
Buthaina Al Abdulla ◽  
AlReem Al Dosari ◽  
Kumaran Kannaiyan ◽  
Reza Sadr
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Cone Angle ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Liquid Sheet ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Spray Characteristics ◽  
Atomization Process ◽  
Spray Cone Angle ◽  
Spray Cone ◽  
Sheet Breakup

Dispersion of nanoparticles in pure fuels alters their key fuel physical properties, which could affect their atomization process, and in turn, their combustion and emission characteristics in a combustion chamber. Therefore, it is essential to have a thorough knowledge of the atomization characteristics of nanofuels (nanoparticles dispersed in pure fuels) to better understand their latter processes. This serves as the motivation for the present work, which attempts to gain a good understanding of the atomization process of the alternative, gas-to-liquid (GTL), jet fuel based nanofuels. The macroscopic spray characteristics such as spray cone angle, liquid sheet breakup, and liquid sheet velocity are determined by employing shadowgraph imaging technique. The effect of nanoparticles weight concentration and ambient pressures on the spray characteristics are investigated in a high pressure-high temperature constant volume spray rig. To this end, a pressure swirl nozzle with an exit diameter of 0.8 mm is used to atomize the fuels. The macroscopic spray results demonstrate that the nanoparticles dispersion at low concentrations affect the near nozzle region. The spray liquid sheet breakup distance is reduced by the presence of nanoparticle due to the early onset of disruption in the liquid sheet. Consequently, the liquid sheet velocity in that spray region is higher for nanofuels when compared to that of pure fuels. Also, the ambient pressure has a significant effect on the spray features as reported in the literature.

Spray Characteristics of Alternative Jet Fuel at Elevated Ambient Conditions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumaran Kannaiyan ◽  
Reza Sadr
Keyword(s):  
Cone Angle ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Jet Fuels ◽  
Spray Parameters ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Spray Characteristics ◽  
Spray Cone ◽  
Ambient Gas ◽  
Alternative Jet Fuel

Abstract In recent years, Gas-to-Liquid (GTL) jet fuel is considered as an alternative jet fuel because of its cleaner combustion characteristics. The chemical and physical properties of GTL fuels are different from those of the conventional jet fuels. The objective of the present work is to investigate the effect of ambient conditions and fuel volatilization characteristics on the macroscopic spray features. To this end, the macroscopic spray performance is visualized using the shadowgraph imaging technique at elevated ambient conditions. The near nozzle spray parameters like spray cone angle, sheet breakup length, and the sheet velocity, are determined from the shadowgraph images using an in-house program. The effect of ambient conditions on the near nozzle spray characteristics for conventional fuels has been reported in the literature. However, these effects have not been reported in detail for the alternative, GTL jet fuels. The results show that the ambient gas pressure has a significant effect on the spray performance when compared to that of the ambient gas temperature. At atmospheric conditions, the spray performance of GTL fuel is comparable to those of Jet A-1 fuel. However, with the increase in ambient conditions, the difference in spray performance of GTL and Jet A-1 is significant.

Experimental Study of the Spray Characteristics of n-Butanol/Diesel Blends

2014 ◽  
Vol 960-961 ◽  
pp. 1394-1399
Author(s):  
Jian Wu ◽  
Li Li Zhu ◽  
Zhan Cheng Wang ◽  
Bin Xu ◽  
Hong Ming Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Cone Angle ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Spray Characteristics ◽  
Spray Cone Angle ◽  
Spray Cone ◽  
Spray Penetration ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Area Increase

we studied the spray characteristics of n-butanol/diesel fuel blends using a high-speed camera and schlieren system, and analyzed the effect of different fuels, ambient pressure and injection pressure conditions on the spray penetration, spray cone angle, spray area, et al. The results showed that, at the same injection pressure, as the increase of ambient pressure, the spray cone angle of the same volume of fuel increases gradually, the spray penetration and the spray area decreases; under the same ambient pressure, the spray penetration, spray cone angle and spray area increase gradually with the increasing injection pressure, but when the injection pressure increases enough, the parameters are roughly the same; and the parameters basically all increase with the adding of n-butanol.

Effects of Fuel Nozzle Condition on Gas Turbine Combustion Chamber Exit Temperature Distributions

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Bishop ◽  
William Allan
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Cone Angle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Spray Cone Angle ◽  
Mixing Processes ◽  
Spray Cone ◽  
Temperature Distributions ◽  
Fuel Nozzle ◽  
Exit Temperature

The effects of fuel nozzle condition on the temperature distributions experienced by the nozzle guide vanes have been investigated using an optical patternator. Average spray cone angle, symmetry, and fuel streaks were quantified. An ambient pressure and temperature combustion chamber test rig was used to capture exit temperature distributions and to determine the pattern factor. The rig tests matched representative engine operating conditions by matching Mach number, equivalence ratio, and fuel droplet size. It was observed that very small deviations (± 10° in spray cone angle) from a nominal distribution in the fuel nozzle spray pattern correlated to increases in pattern factor, apparently due to a degradation of mixing processes, which created larger regions of very high temperature core flow and smaller regions of cooler temperatures within the combustion chamber exit plane. The spray cone angle had the most measureable influence while the effects of spray roundness and streak intensity had slightly less influence. Comparisons were made with published studies conducted on the combustion chamber geometry, and recommendations were made for fuel nozzle inspections.

scholarly journals Experimental Study of Spray Characteristics of Kerosene-Ethanol Blends from a Pressure-Swirl Nozzle

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Bo Dong ◽  
Xun Zhou ◽  
Linan Guan ◽  
Weizhong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discharge Coefficient ◽  
Cone Angle ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Spray Characteristics ◽  
Spray Cone Angle ◽  
Spray Cone ◽  
Breakup Length ◽  
Ethanol Blends ◽  
Pressure Swirl ◽  
Spray Velocity

Partial replacement of kerosene by ethanol in a gas turbine is regarded as a good way to improve the spray quality and reduce the fossil energy consumption. The present work is aimed at studying the spray characteristics of kerosene-ethanol blends discharging from a pressure-swirl nozzle. The spray cone angle, discharge coefficient, breakup length, and velocity distribution are obtained by particle image velocimetry, while droplet size is acquired by particle/droplet imaging analysis. Kerosene, E10 (10% ethanol, 90% kerosene), E20 (20% ethanol, 80% kerosene), and E30 (30% ethanol, 70% kerosene) have been considered under the injection pressure of 0.1–1 MPa. The results show that as injection pressure is increased, the discharge coefficient and breakup length decrease, while the spray cone angle, drop size, and spray velocity increase. Meanwhile, the drop size decreases and the spray velocity increases with ethanol concentration when the injection pressure is lower than 0.8 MPa. However, the spray characteristics are not affected obviously by the ethanol concentration when the injection pressure exceeds 0.8 MPa. A relation to breakup length for kerosene-ethanol blends is obtained. The findings demonstrate that the adding of ethanol into kerosene can promote atomization performance.

Effect of Nanoparticles on the Fuel Properties and Spray Performance of Aviation Turbine Fuel

2016 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumaran Kannaiyan ◽  
Kanjirakat Anoop ◽  
Reza Sadr
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Droplet Diameter ◽  
Cone Angle ◽  
Aviation Fuel ◽  
Alumina Nanoparticles ◽  
Spray Cone Angle ◽  
Spray Cone ◽  
Breakup Length ◽  
Sheet Breakup

The influence of nanoparticles' dispersion on the physical properties of aviation fuel and its spray performance has been investigated in this work. To this end, the conventional Jet A-1 aviation fuel and its mixtures with alumina nanoparticles (nanofuel) at different weight concentrations are investigated. The key fuel physical properties such as density, viscosity, and surface tension that are of importance to the fuel atomization process are measured for the base fuel and nanofuels. The macroscopic spray features like spray cone angle and sheet breakup length are determined using the shadowgraph technique. The microscopic spray characteristics such as droplet diameter, droplet velocity, and their distributions are also measured by employing phase Doppler anemometry (PDA) technique. The spray performance is measured at two nozzle injection pressures of 0.3 and 0.9 MPa. The results show that with the increase in nanoparticle concentrations in the base fuel, the fuel viscosity and density increase, whereas the surface tension decreases. On the spray performance, the liquid sheet breakup length decreases with increasing nanoparticle concentrations. Furthermore, the mean droplet diameters of nanofuel are found to be lower than those of the base fuel.

Impacts of duct inner diameter and standoff distance on macroscopic spray characteristics of ducted fuel injection under non-vaporizing conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 146808742091471
Author(s):  
Feng Li ◽  
Chia-fon Lee ◽  
Ziman Wang ◽  
Yiqiang Pei ◽  
Guoxiang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Soot Formation ◽  
Cone Angle ◽  
Mie Scattering ◽  
Standoff Distance ◽  
Spray Characteristics ◽  
Spray Cone Angle ◽  
Spray Cone ◽  
Inner Diameter

Ducted fuel injection spray is a new technology for reducing soot formation in heavy-duty diesel engines. In this work, the ducted fuel injection spray characteristics with different duct inner diameters and different standoff distances were investigated and compared with free spray. Duct inner diameter ranged from 1.5 to 4 mm, and standoff distance varied between 0.9 and 4.9 mm. Mie-scattering optical technique was used to characterize spray characteristics under various injection pressures in a constant-volume spray chamber. Ambient gas pressure of up to 6 MPa when spraying. The results showed that ducted fuel injection spray with smaller duct has better spray diffusion compared to those of ducted fuel injection sprays with larger ducts and free spray from the perspectives of spray tip penetration, spray cone angle and spray area. Increasing standoff distance could increase spray velocity. Ducted fuel injection spray with smaller duct formed a mushroom-shaped head and large-scale vortex flow close to the duct outlet. All the advantages of ducted fuel injection spray with smaller duct are interpreted as evidence of improving fuel–gas mixing quality significantly.

Effect of Injection Parameters on the Spray Characteristics of DME Fuel

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bong Woo Ryu ◽  
Seung Hwan Bang ◽  
Hyun Kyu Suh ◽  
Chang Sik Lee
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Ether ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Cone Angle ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Spray Characteristics ◽  
Spray Cone Angle ◽  
Spray Cone ◽  
Injection Duration ◽  
Injection Parameters

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of injection parameters on the injection and spray characteristics of dimethyl ether and diesel fuel. In order to analyze the injection and spray characteristics of dimethyl ether and diesel fuel with employing high-pressure common-rail injection system, the injection characteristics such as injection delay, injection duration, and injection rate, spray cone angle and spray tip penetration was investigated by using the injection rate measuring system and the spray visualization system. In this work, the experiments of injection rate and spray visualization are performed at various injection parameters. It was found that injection quantity was decreased with the increase of injection pressure at the same energizing duration and injection pressure In the case of injection characteristics, dimethyl ether showed shorter of injection delay, longer injection duration and lower injected mass flow rate than diesel fuel in accordance with various energizing durations and injection pressures. Also, spray development of dimethyl ether had larger spray cone angle than that of diesel fuel at various injection pressures. Spray tip penetration was almost same development and tendency regardless of injection angles.

Experimental Study on Diesel Engine and Analysis the Spray Characteristics of Diesel and Biodiesel by Varying Injection Pressure

2014 ◽  
Vol 984-985 ◽  
pp. 932-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palani Raghu ◽  
M. Senthamil Selvan ◽  
K. Pitchandi ◽  
N. Nallusamy
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Weber Number ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Cone Angle ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Injection Velocity ◽  
Spray Characteristics ◽  
Spray Cone Angle ◽  
Spray Cone

— The spray characteristic of the injected fuel is mainly depends upon fuel injection pressure, temperature, ambient pressure, fuel viscosity and fuel density. An experimental study was conducted to examine the effect of injection pressure on the spray was injected into direct injection (DI) diesel engine in the atmospheric condition. In Diesel engine, the window of 20 mm diameter hole and the transparent quartz glass materials were used for visualizing spray characteristics of combustion chamber at right angle triangle position. The varying Injection pressure of 180 - 240 bar and the engine was hand cranked for conducting the experiments. Spray characteristics for Jatropha oil methyl ester (JOME) and diesel were studied experimentally. Spray tip penetration and spray cone angle were measured in a combustion chamber of Direct Injection diesel engine by employing high speed Digital camera using Mie Scattering Technique and ImageJ software. The study shows the JOME gives longer spray tip penetration and smaller spray cone angle than those of diesel fuels. The Spray breakup region (Reynolds number, Weber number), Injection velocity and Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) were determined for diesel and JOME. SMD decreases for JOME than diesel and the Injection velocity, Reynolds Number, Weber Number Increases for JOME than diesel.

Experimental study of spray characteristics of biodiesel blending with diethyl carbonate in a common rail injection system

2017 ◽  
Vol 233 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Fu ◽  
Lanbo Song ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
Qizhao Lin
Keyword(s):  
Cone Angle ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Diethyl Carbonate ◽  
Spray Characteristics ◽  
Projected Area ◽  
Spray Cone Angle ◽  
Spray Cone ◽  
Common Rail Injection System ◽  
Common Rail Injection

The objective of this paper is to investigate the spray macroscopic characteristics of biodiesel, diethyl carbonate (DEC)-biodiesel blends and diesel fuel based on a common-rail injection system. The spray tip penetration, spray cone angle and the spray projected area were measured through a high-speed photography method. The experimental results reveal that injection pressure and ambient pressure have significant effects on the spray characteristics. Higher injection pressure makes the spray tip penetration increase, while higher back pressure inside the chamber leads to the enlargement of the spray cone angle. The addition of DEC causes the blends fuels to have a shorter penetration and larger spray projected area, which reveals the potential capacity to improve the atomization process compared with biodiesel. The estimation of spray droplet size indicates that DEC30 generates a smaller Sauter mean diameter (SMD) because of its lower surface tension and viscosity. Model predictions were illustrated and compared with current work.

Macroscopic spray characteristics of long-chain alcohol-biodiesel fuels in a constant volume chamber

2017 ◽  
Vol 232 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengyu Li ◽  
Bolun Yi ◽  
Lanbo Song ◽  
Wei Fu ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cone Angle ◽  
Spray Characteristics ◽  
Spray Cone Angle ◽  
Spray Cone ◽  
Chain Alcohol ◽  
Biodiesel Blends ◽  
Spray Tip Penetration ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Long Chain Alcohol ◽  
Long Chain

In this research, three basic macroscopic spray characteristics (spray tip penetration, spray cone angle, and spray area) of long-chain alcohol-biodiesel blends were studied to investigate the differences of macroscopic spray characteristics of long-chain alcohol-biodiesel blends with different mixing ratios and to further investigate the effects of blending long-chain alcohols into biodiesel on the spray characteristics. Two kinds of long-chain alcohols, n-butanol, and n-pentanol, were selected to study effects of difference kinds of long-chain alcohols on macroscopic spray characteristics of long-chain alcohol-biodiesel blends. Results show that with the increase of proportion of n-butanol or n-pentanol in blends, spray tip penetration decreased while spray cone angle and spray area increased; in terms of the effects brought by different long-chain alcohols, n-pentanol-biodiesel blends showed slightly longer spray tip penetration, smaller spray cone angle and smaller spray area compared to n-butanol-biodiesel blends in the same mixing ratios, and the difference trends between those two kinds blends could easily be opposite due to the very similar properties of n-butanol and n-pentanol. Furthermore, a modified spray tip penetration model was proposed based on previous model and showed good agreement with experimental results.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document