Segmenting Fly Ash Particles Using Image Processing Techniques

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Asmari ◽  
L. L. Hoberock
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Gray Scale ◽  
Imaging Device ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Contrast Stretching

Fly ash is one of the residues generated in combustion, and comprises the fine particles that rise with flue gases. In the US about 43% is recycled and is often used to supplement Portland cement in concrete production. Fly ash can improve the concretes mechanical properties and decrease cost. Depending upon the source and makeup of the coal being burned, the components of fly ash vary considerably. These variations affect the quality of the final product. Accordingly, it is important for cement manufacturers to know the amount and type of the components in these particles. The objective of this project is segmentation of images of fly ash particles acquired using a micro computed tomography (μCT) imaging device. A set of grayscale images is produced, with each image representing a particular slice of the particle. The desired segmentation operation should identify particles and label regions of a given image based on similarity, as perceived by human observers. In this paper, two techniques are proposed for segmenting different phases of material in these images. The first technique uses Contrast Stretching and Histogram Matching and is based solely on the gray scale value of the pixels in the image slices. In the second proposed technique, Circular Gabor Filters (CGF) are used to segment the regions with porous textures in the cross section of the particle. We have also proposed a technique for designing the CGF such that when applied to the gray scale images, the filter passes the porous regions of components accurately, while blocking non-porous regions. By combining these techniques, we have developed a program that is able to segment different types and regions of impurities in the cross sections of a fly ash particle and create 3D models of these particles, presenting the locations and sizes of different phases of material.

scholarly journals "The orchids of the animal kingdom": tackling functional anatomy and phenotypic plasticity of ant nest beetles (Carabidae: Paussus) using 3D models generated by Micro-Computed Tomography (µ-CT)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Simone Mensa ◽  
Federica Spani ◽  
Andrea Di Giulio
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
3D Models ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography

The genus Paussus is a highly specialized, charismatic group of ground beetles (Carabidae) classified in the subfamily Paussinae. All species of Paussus are obligate myrmecophiles (associates of ants). As with many other myrmecophilous or termitophilous beetles, Paussus have undergone extreme phenotypic adaptations for life with ants, at the level of head, antennae, and prothorax. Host data suggest that Paussus species are likely to be species-specific ant parasites, and the structural modifications of antennae and other body parts are likely under selection by their host ants. Investigating anatomical structures have been fundamental to better understand living organisms, and their interplay with the surrounding environment, which could induce significant morphological variation. In the last few years, bio-imaging techniques paired with geometric morphometrics (GM) overcame the limits of traditional anatomical studies, becoming widely non-invasive and highly informative for both internal and external characters. The use of Computed Tomography (CT) scanners definitively allowed to advance in the knowledge of either known or neglected biological structures. For this project, we used X-ray micro-computed tomography, in order to acquire 2D serial, cross-sections of various paussines samples, with a resolution between 0.954 and 2.44 micrometers. The 2D images in high resolution are then processed using a high-performance computer system and Thermo Scientific™ Amira™ Software and Thermo Scientific™ Avizo™ Software for the reconstruction of 3D models. With these models, we will be able to conduct a morphological study of the most variable parts in the body of the genus Paussus using 3D geometric morphometrics (3D GM), as these integrative techniques allows to describe in a quantitative way even subtle differences between structures, so as to determine whether the striking diversity of phenotypes is caused by the host or by other factors, overlapping the results obtained with the molecular part of phylogeny. These innovative practices help to deepen the meaning of shape in insect biology, from both structural and evolutionary views. They will allow, in particular, to describe the relationship between phylogeny and functional morphology in the extremely variable species of the subfamily Paussinae.

Production of Self Compacting Concrete SCC with Portland and Blended Cement CEM I, CEM II with Fly Ash and Limestone Admixtures

2015 ◽  
Vol 1124 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Klára Křížová ◽  
Petr Novosad ◽  
Tomáš Jarolím
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Blended Cement ◽  
Self Compacting Concrete ◽  
Portland Cements ◽  
Concrete Production

Production of SCC concrete involves using a higher amount of fine particles consisting primarily of using increased amounts of cement and one or more admixtures. Due to the economic performance of Portland cements, recently looking for ways to lower the environmental and economic burdens. The first production of SCC concrete production was recommended only cements CEM I. Now, the standards EN 206 specify such a requirement and therefore attempt to use cement CEM II and higher amount of admixtures. This paper points out the possibility of using blended cement CEM II in combination with admixtures and particular monitors rheological properties of fresh SCC concrete.

The cross sections for different channels in heavy ion nuclear reactions

1971 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Galin ◽  
D. Guerreau ◽  
M. Lefort ◽  
X. Tarrago
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
The Cross

Experimental Studies Of Multilayer Glass Structures On Compression, Compression With Bending And Simple Bending

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-30
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Laminated Glass ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Experimental Values

The work of multilayer glass structures for central and eccentric compression and bending are considered. The substantiation of the chosen research topic is made. The description and features of laminated glass for the structures investigated, their characteristics are presented. The analysis of the results obtained when testing for compression, compression with bending, simple bending of models of columns, beams, samples of laminated glass was made. Overview of the types and nature of destruction of the models are presented, diagrams of material operation are constructed, average values of the resistance of the cross-sections of samples are obtained, the table of destructive loads is generated. The need for development of a set of rules and guidelines for the design of glass structures, including laminated glass, for bearing elements, as well as standards for testing, rules for assessing the strength, stiffness, crack resistance and methods for determining the strength of control samples is emphasized. It is established that the strength properties of glass depend on the type of applied load and vary widely, and significantly lower than the corresponding normative values of the strength of heat-strengthened glass. The effect of the connecting polymeric material and manufacturing technology of laminated glass on the strength of the structure is also shown. The experimental values of the elastic modulus are different in different directions of the cross section and in the direction perpendicular to the glass layers are two times less than along the glass layers.

Morphology and Affinities of Ampelocissites Seeds (Vitaceae: Ampelopsis clade) from the Paleogene of Texas, USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-482
Author(s):  
Steven R. Manchester
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Early Eocene ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fossil Seeds ◽  
Fossil Genus

Abstract—The type material on which the fossil genus name Ampelocissites was established in 1929 has been reexamined with the aid of X-ray micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) scanning and compared with seeds of extant taxa to assess the relationships of these fossils within the grape family, Vitaceae. The specimens were collected from a sandstone of late Paleocene or early Eocene age. Although originally inferred by Berry to be intermediate in morphology between Ampelocissus and Vitis, the newly revealed details of seed morphology indicate that these seeds represent instead the Ampelopsis clade. Digital cross sections show that the seed coat maintains its thickness over the external surfaces, but diminishes quickly in the ventral infolds. This feature, along with the elliptical chalaza and lack of an apical groove, indicate that Ampelocissites lytlensis Berry probably represents Ampelopsis or Nekemias (rather than Ampelocissus or Vitis) and that the generic name Ampelocissites may be useful for fossil seeds with morphology consistent with the Ampelopsis clade that lack sufficient characters to specify placement within one of these extant genera.

scholarly journals Total cross sections of eγ → $$ eX\overline{X} $$ processes with X = μ, γ, e via multiloop methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman N. Lee ◽  
Alexey A. Lyubyakin ◽  
Vyacheslav A. Stotsky
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Elliptic Integral ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Complete Elliptic Integral ◽  
Total Cross Sections ◽  
Multiloop Calculation ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Analytical Expressions

Abstract Using modern multiloop calculation methods, we derive the analytical expressions for the total cross sections of the processes e−γ →$$ {e}^{-}X\overline{X} $$ e − X X ¯ with X = μ, γ or e at arbitrary energies. For the first two processes our results are expressed via classical polylogarithms. The cross section of e−γ → e−e−e+ is represented as a one-fold integral of complete elliptic integral K and logarithms. Using our results, we calculate the threshold and high-energy asymptotics and compare them with available results.

scholarly journals Asymptotic Behavior of Stable Structures Made of Beams

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Griso ◽  
Larysa Khilkova ◽  
Julia Orlik ◽  
Olena Sivak
Keyword(s):  
Asymptotic Behavior ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Linear Elasticity ◽  
Circular Cross Section ◽  
Linear Elasticity Theory ◽  
Linear Elastic ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Small Rotation ◽  
Stable Structures

AbstractIn this paper, we study the asymptotic behavior of an $\varepsilon $ ε -periodic 3D stable structure made of beams of circular cross-section of radius $r$ r when the periodicity parameter $\varepsilon $ ε and the ratio ${r/\varepsilon }$ r / ε simultaneously tend to 0. The analysis is performed within the frame of linear elasticity theory and it is based on the known decomposition of the beam displacements into a beam centerline displacement, a small rotation of the cross-sections and a warping (the deformation of the cross-sections). This decomposition allows to obtain Korn type inequalities. We introduce two unfolding operators, one for the homogenization of the set of beam centerlines and another for the dimension reduction of the beams. The limit homogenized problem is still a linear elastic, second order PDE.

ISOSPIN DECOMPOSITION OF pp → NNππ CROSS SECTIONS — DO WE SEE A SIGN OF Δ(1600) EXCITATION IN THE nnπ+π+ CHANNEL?

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (02n03) ◽  
pp. 450-453
Author(s):  
◽  
T. SKORODKO ◽  
M. BASHKANOV ◽  
D. BOGOSLOWSKY ◽  
H. CALÉN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Differential Cross ◽  
Pion Production ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Differential Cross Sections ◽  
Pp Collisions ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
The Cross

The two-pion production in pp-collisions has been investigated in exclusive measurements from threshold up to Tp = 1.36 GeV . Total and differential cross sections have been obtained for the channels pnπ+π0, ppπ+π-, ppπ0π0 and also nnπ+π+. For intermediate incident energies Tp > 1 GeV , i.e. in the region, which is beyond the Roper excitation but at the onset of ΔΔ excitation the total ppπ0π0 cross section falls behind theoretical predictions by as much as an order of magnitude near 1.2 GeV, whereas the nnπ+π+ cross section is a factor of five larger than predicted. A model-unconstrained isospin decompostion of the cross section points to a significant contribution of an isospin 3/2 resonance other than the Δ(1232). As a possible candidate the Δ(1600) is discussed.

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