Fabrication and Characterization of Bio-Based Poly Lactic Acid/Polyhydroxybutyrate-Valerate (PLA/PHBV) Blend With Nanoclay

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad K. Hossain ◽  
Samira N. Shaily ◽  
Hadiya J. Harrigan ◽  
Terrie Mickens
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Thermal Tests ◽  
Melting Temperatures ◽  
Bonding Interaction

The objective of this research is to prepare a hybrid biopolymer blend using PLA and PHBV with enhanced mechanical and thermal properties. Bio-based PLA and PHBV blends were prepared using the melt-mixing procedure. Tensile, FTIR, DSC, TGA, optical microscopy (OM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests were performed to investigate mechanical properties, bonding interaction, glass transition temperature, melting and crystalline enthalpy, thermal decomposition, and morphological analysis. Different percent (1, 2, and 3 wt%) of nanoclay was added to the system to observe the bonding interaction. It was observed that the crystallinity increases with increasing amount of nanoclay. The result showed that the tensile strength of PLA thin film and PHBV film was found to be 31.1 MPa and 14.41 MPa, respectively. Hence, PLA has better mechanical property than PHBV. On the other hand, thermal property of PHBV thin film was found to be better than that of PLA. To optimize both mechanical and thermal properties of PLA and PHBV hybrid biopolymer blend, using various combinations of PLA/PHBV including 25/75, 50/50 and 75/25 wt% a hybrid biopolymer blend was prepared. Among them, PLA-PHBV (75/25 wt%) with 2 wt% nanoclay resulted in the best outcome. The tensile strength of this prepared polymer blend was 29.34 MPa. Thermal analysis demonstrated two melting temperatures: 238.37 °C and 308.31 °C, respectively. Two glass transition temperatures were found from thermal tests which are the indication of the solution immiscibility. It had also been observed that the adding of nanoclay enhances tensile properties as well as thermal stability up to 2 wt%. It is revealed from the optical and SEM micrographs that the 2 wt% NC was dispersed uniformly throughout the resin blend.

scholarly journals Effect of HNT on mechanical and thermal properties of poly(lactic acid)/polypropylene carbonate blends

Polimery ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 459-465
Author(s):  
Intan Najwa Humaira Mohamed Haneef ◽  
Yose Fachmi Buys ◽  
Norhashimah Mohd Shaffiar ◽  
Sharifah Imihezri Syed Shaharuddin ◽  
Abdul Malek Abdul Hamid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Halloysite Nanotubes ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Young’S Moduli ◽  
Dsc Thermograms

In this work, the influence of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) on the mechanical and thermal properties of the poly(lactic acid)/polypropylene carbonate (PLA/PPC 70/30) blend was studied. The HNT was incorporated into the PLA/PPC blend by melt mixing. It was found that addition of 2-6 wt % HNT successfully improved the tensile and flexural strength as well as the flexural and Young’s  moduli of PLA/PPC blend, due to the reinforcing effect. Although the elongation at break decreases with increasing HNT content, its value is much higher than that of pure PLA. Moreover, the addition of HNT didnot affect the miscibility of PLA and PPC, since two glass transition temperatures were observed in the DSC thermograms. However, a higher content of HNT may improve the compatibility between PLA and PPC as evidenced by the lower difference between the glass transition temperature of PPC and PLA and reduced crystallinity resulting in higher tensile strength of nanocomposites.Keywords: PLA, PPC, HNT, mechanical properties, thermal properties.

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Epoxy Composites Containing Amine-Modified Silica Nanoparticles

2017 ◽  
Vol 737 ◽  
pp. 262-268
Author(s):  
Hye Ryun Lee ◽  
Moon Il Kim ◽  
Hye Ryun Na ◽  
Choong Sun Lim ◽  
Bong Kuk Seo
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Silica Particles ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Modified Silica ◽  
Modified Silica Nanoparticles

Epoxy/silica composites were prepared using aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES)-modified silica nanoparticles in the sol state. Different sizes of silica particles were synthesized and they were applied into the epoxy/silica composites with different compositions. The mechanical and thermal properties of the composites were investigated and compared with those of pristine epoxy composite. The structure and morphology of the modified silica nanoparticles and epoxy/silica composites were analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscope. The flexural modulus and tensile strength of the epoxy/silica composites were investigated by universal test machine (UTM). Also, glass transition and thermal stability were investigated using thermomechanical analyzer (TMA). Sizes of silica particles in sol state were controlled by using different concentration of the accelerator. The tensile strength of epoxy/silica composites containing 20 wt% of 30 nm silica was found to be 37.98 MPa. In addition, the glass transition temperature (Tg) decreased with increasing silica particle sizes.

scholarly journals Bamboo Fiber Based Cellulose Nanocrystals/Poly(Lactic Acid)/Poly(Butylene Succinate) Nanocomposites: Morphological, Mechanical and Thermal Properties

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1076
Author(s):  
Masrat Rasheed ◽  
Mohammad Jawaid ◽  
Bisma Parveez
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Bamboo Fiber ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Butylene Succinate

The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) from bamboo fiber on the properties of poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) composites fabricated by melt mixing at 175 °C and then hot pressing at 180 °C. PBS and CNC (0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5 wt.%) were added to improvise the properties of PLA. The morphological, physiochemical and crystallinity properties of nanocomposites were analysed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD), respectively. The thermal and tensile properties were analysed by thermogravimetic analysis (TGA), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Universal testing machine (UTM). PLA-PBS blend shows homogeneous morphology while the composite shows rod-like CNC particles, which are embedded in the polymer matrix. The uniform distribution of CNC particles in the nanocomposites improves their thermal stability, tensile strength and tensile modulus up to 1 wt.%; however, their elongation at break decreases. Thus, CNC addition in PLA-PBS matrix improves structural and thermal properties of the composite. The composite, thus developed, using CNC (a natural fiber) and PLA-PBS (biodegradable polymers) could be of immense importance as they could allow complete degradation in soil, making it a potential alternative material to existing packaging materials in the market that could be environment friendly.

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Silane Treated Pineapple Leaf Fiber Reinforced Polylactic Acid Composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 446-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supatra Pratumshat ◽  
Phutthachat Soison ◽  
Sukunya Ross
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Silane Coupling Agents ◽  
Pineapple Leaf Fiber ◽  
Treated Fiber ◽  
Leaf Fiber

In this work, the mechanical and thermal properties of pineapple leaf fiber (PALF)/poly (lactic acid) (PLA) composites were studied. Pineapple leaf fibers were pretreated with 4 %wt sodium hydroxide solution followed by various silane solutions i.e. γ-(aminopropyl) trimethoxy silane (APS), γ-methacrylate propyl trimethoxy (A174) and bis [3-(triethoxysilyl) propyl] tetrasulfide (Si69). FTIR results show a significant functional groups of C=O and C=C of methacrylic group, NH2group and Si-O which are the characteristic of these silane coupling agents. SEM micrographs of pretreated PALF showed a rough surface while untreated and silane treated PALF revealed less roughness. It was found that the tensile strength at break of PLA is 56 MPa and tensile strength of composites decreased when fiber content increased. The tensile modulus of silane treated PALF composites were higher than PLA, whereas their impact strength were similar to PLA. Si69 treated PALF showed lower impact strength compared to the others silanes treated fiber which indicates more phase separation between fiber and matrix. This is related to high percentage of crystallinity of composite from Si69 treated fiber. It was also found that the addition of PALF did not change the glass transition temperature and melting temperature of PLA while the percentage of crystallinity increases as the fiber content increased. In addition WAXS study of composite from Si69 treated fiber reveals sharp crystalline peaks of PLA while the others silane treatments show amorphous characteristic of PLA.

Comparison between Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polylactic Acid and Natural Rubber Blend Using Calcium Carbonate and Vetiver Grass Fiber as Fillers

2011 ◽  
Vol 410 ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Punmanee Juntuek ◽  
Chaiwat Ruksakulpiwat ◽  
Pranee Chumsamrong ◽  
Yupaporn Ruksakulpiwat
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Vetiver Grass ◽  
Elongation At Break

From our previous study, natural rubber (NR) was used to improve toughness of poly (lactic acid) (PLA). Impact strength and elongation at break of PLA was increased when adding NR. Moreover, by using NR-g-GMA as compatibilizer for PLA and NR blend, impact strength and elongation at break was improved. However, tensile strength and modulus of PLA/NR blend with and without NR-g-GMA were decreased. In this study, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and vetiver grass fiber were used as fillers in PLA/NR blend. With the addition of CaCO3 into PLA/NR blend with NR-g-GMA, impact strength and modulus of the composite were further increased with a loss in tensile strength. In contrast, the addition of vetiver grass fiber into PLA/NR blend with NR-g-GMA led to an increase in tensile strength and modulus and a decrease in impact strength and elongation at break. The onset degradation temperatures of PLA composites were lower than that of PLA and PLA/NR blend.

Study on the Properties of Poly(lactic acid)/Starch/Chitosan Blended Materials

2011 ◽  
Vol 391-392 ◽  
pp. 530-534
Author(s):  
Peng Liu ◽  
Cai Qin Gu ◽  
Qing Zhu Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Carbonyl Groups ◽  
Amino Groups ◽  
Molecular Force ◽  
Hydroxy Groups

Former researchers have studied the properties of PLA/starch blended materials, but the influence of chitosan for them has not been studied yet. In this paper, it prepared the blended materials of PLA/starch/chitosan, and studied the compatible, mechanical and thermal properties of them. The results demonstrated that, since chitosan molecules had hydroxy and amino groups, which could form molecular force with the hydroxy groups in starch molecules and the carbonyl groups in PLA molecules respectively, the addition of it would improve the compatibility of PLA and starch. The SEM surface and section photos of blended materials could prove this compatibility, and the mechanical properties of blended materials also certified it. Specifically, with the addition of chitosan, the elongation, tensile modulus and tensile strength were all increase. For thermal properties, the addition of chitosan had no influence on it.

Influence of moisture/water absorption on mechanical and thermal properties of polyamide6/boric oxide composites

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kawaljit Singh Randhawa ◽  
Ashwin Patel
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Boric Oxide ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Transition Temperatures ◽  
Glass Transition Temperatures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oxide Composites

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the mechanical and thermal behavior, i.e. tensile strength, hardness, impact strength and glass transition temperatures of water-treated polyamide6/boric oxide (PA) composites. Design/methodology/approach The PA6 and PA6/boric oxide composites were exposed to an open environment and immersed in water for 15 days to analyze the effect of environmental humidity and frequent water immersion conditions on the composite’s mechanical and thermal properties. The tensile strength, elastic modulus, hardness and impact strength of materials were measured to identify the mechanical properties. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) characterizations were used to see the effect of humidity/water absorption on microstructure, crystallinity and glass transition temperatures. Findings The testing results revealed the loss in strength, elastic modulus and hardness, while the impact resistance was improved after exposure of materials to humidity/water. SEM images clearly show the formation of voids and XRD graphs revealed the loss in crystallinity after water immersion. The DSC plots of water immersed materials revealed the loss of glass transition temperatures up to 15°C. Originality/value The mechanical and thermal behavior of PA composites varies according to the surrounding atmosphere. Experiments were performed to investigate the influence of water treatment on the PA6/B2O3 composite’s mechanical and thermal properties. Water treatment resulted in the bonding between PA and water molecules, which generated voids in the materials. These voids generations are found the main reason for the low strength and hardness of water-treated materials.

Morphology and Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Ethylene-Octene Copolymer Nanocomposites

2019 ◽  
Vol 953 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Sirirat Wacharawichanant ◽  
Attachai Sriwattana ◽  
Kulaya Yaisoon ◽  
Manop Phankokkruad
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Ethylene Octene Copolymer ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

The effects of the montmorillonite clay surface modified with 0.5-5 wt% aminopropyltriethoxysilane and 15-35% octadecylamine (Clay-APTSO) on morphology, mechanical and thermal properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/ethylene-octene copolymer (EOC)/Clay-APTSO composites were investigated. The blends of PLA/EOC with and without Clay-APTSO were prepared by melt mixing in an internal mixer. Scanning electron microscopy analysis observed the morphology of PLA/EOC blends demonstrated a phase separation of minor phase and matrix phase. The addition of Clay-APTSO in PLA/EOC blends showed significant decreased in droplet size of dispersed EOC phase, thus, Clay-APTSO acted as an effective compatibilizer in the PLA/EOC blends. The results of tensile properties found the decrease of Young’s modulus of PLA when added EOC due to the low modulus and flexibility of EOC. While the incorporation of Clay-APTSO increased significantly Young’s modulus of PLA/EOC blends at low EOC and Clay-APTSO content. The strain at break of the blends increased with the increase of EOC loading, this indicated the presence of EOC enhanced the elongation at break of PLA, while the addition Clay-APTSO reduced the strain at break of PLA/EOC blends. The tensile strength of all blend compositions improved when added Clay-APTSO and the tensile strength showed the highest value at 3 phr of Clay-APTSO. The thermal stability of PLA/EOC blends did not change when compared with neat PLA, and when added Clay-APTSO in the blends could improve the thermal stability of the PLA/EOC blends.

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Rubber Toughened Poly(Lactic Acid)

2015 ◽  
Vol 1125 ◽  
pp. 222-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Shaiful Zaidi Mat Desa ◽  
Azman Hassan ◽  
Agus Arsad ◽  
Nor Nisa Balqis Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Rubber Blends

The effect of rubber toughening on mechanical and thermal properties of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) was investigated by using three types of rubbers; natural rubber (NR), epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and core-shell rubber (CSR). The PLA/rubber blends were prepared by melt blending in a counter-rotating twin-screw extruder, where the rubber content for all blends was kept at 5 wt%. It was found that the addition of the rubbers increased the impact strength for all blends as compared to pure PLA. On the other hand, all PLA/rubber blends showed notable decrease of Young’s modulus especially for PLA/NR blend which decreased by 72% than pure PLA. Similarly, significant decrease of tensile strength was also observed for all PLA/rubber blends. PLA/ENR blend showed a morebalance mechanical properties with fairly significant improvement of impact strength and moderate decrease of tensile strength, Young’s modulus and elongation at break. In general, PLA/NR blend showed the highest overall impact strength, while the PLA/CSR showed the highest tensile strength and Young’s modulus among the blends. Thermal analysis revealed that the Tg of PLA decreased with incorporation of the three types of rubbers with NR showing the largest decrease. This study indicates that NR, ENR and CSR are effective in enhancing toughness of PLA

scholarly journals Reaction Mechanism and Mechanical Property Improvement of Poly(Lactic Acid) Reactive Blending with Epoxy Resin

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2429
Author(s):  
Krittameth Kiatiporntipthak ◽  
Nanthicha Thajai ◽  
Thidarat Kanthiya ◽  
Pornchai Rachtanapun ◽  
Noppol Leksawasdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Softening Temperature ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Nanoparticle Dispersion ◽  
Reactive Blending ◽  
Partial Miscibility ◽  
Epoxy Blends ◽  
Epoxy Content

Polylactic acid (PLA) was melt-blended with epoxy resin to study the effects of the reaction on the mechanical and thermal properties of the PLA. The addition of 0.5% (wt/wt) epoxy to PLA increased the maximum tensile strength of PLA (57.5 MPa) to 67 MPa, whereas the 20% epoxy improved the elongation at break to 12%, due to crosslinking caused by the epoxy reaction. The morphology of the PLA/epoxy blends showed epoxy nanoparticle dispersion in the PLA matrix that presented a smooth fracture surface with a high epoxy content. The glass transition temperature of PLA decreased with an increasing epoxy content owing to the partial miscibility between PLA and the epoxy resin. The Vicat softening temperature of the PLA was 59 °C and increased to 64.6 °C for 0.5% epoxy. NMR confirmed the reaction between the -COOH groups of PLA and the epoxy groups of the epoxy resin. This reaction, and partial miscibility of the PLA/epoxy blend, improved the interfacial crosslinking, morphology, thermal properties, and mechanical properties of the blends.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document