Experimental Investigation on Tags Placement Affecting the Efficient Encoding of Multiple Passive UHF RFID Tags With Unique Identifiers

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhou Yi ◽  
Zi Qin Phua ◽  
Vitor N. B. Rangel ◽  
Johné M. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Uhf Rfid ◽  
Passive Uhf Rfid ◽  
Item Level ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Promising Solution

Recently, the Internet of things (IoT) has emerged as a promising solution for several industrial applications. One of the key components in IoT is passive radio frequency identification (RFID) tags which do not require a power source for operations. Specifically, ultra-high frequency (UHF) tags are studied in this paper. However, due to factors such as tag-to-tag interference and inaccurate localization, RFID tags that are closely spaced together are difficult to detect and program accurately with unique identifiers. This paper investigates several factors that affect the ability to encode a specific tag with unique information in the presence of other tags, such as reader power level, tag-to-antenna distance, tag-to-tag distance and tag orientation. ANOVA results report reader power level and tag spacing, along with effect interactions power level*tag space and tag space*tag orientation to be significant at the levels investigated. Results further suggest a preliminary minimum tag-to-tag spacing which enables the maximum number of tagged items to be uniquely encoded without interference. This finding can significantly speed up the process of field programming in item-level tagging.

Modified RSSI Technique for the Localization of Passive UHF RFID Tags in LOS Channels

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 645-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Duroc ◽  
G. Andia Vera ◽  
J. P. Garcia Martin
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Simple Algorithm ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Uhf Rfid ◽  
Unknown Parameters ◽  
Received Signal Strength Indicator ◽  
Passive Uhf Rfid ◽  
Reference Tags ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Complex Propagation

This paper presents a new approach for improving the localization of passive ultra high frequency radio frequency identification (RFID) tags in line-of-sight channels using a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) technique. In practice, the complex propagation in the indoor channels and also the variability of some parameters of the RFID equipment itself introduces significant amount of errors when the operation of localization carries out the RSSI technique. Indeed, as the calculation is based on a trilateration, the incomplete knowledge of the propagation and some parameters of RFID tags leads to estimate distances which are wrong, and therefore the localization cannot be correct. In order to overcome this drawback, the proposed method takes into account the presence of unknown parameters relying on a dichotomous algorithm which includes probabilistic parameters. The presented simulation results are in good agreement with the expected theoretical results. Experimental results show that the proposed method strongly increases the accuracy of the estimated position of tags. Compared to other approaches based on the improvement of the RSSI technique, this method does not require too much complexity in terms of materials (no need for specific architecture or reference tags) and processing (fast and simple algorithm).

scholarly journals 3D Printed and Photonically Cured Graphene UHF RFID Tags on Textile, Wood, and Cardboard Substrates

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Akbari ◽  
H. He ◽  
J. Juuti ◽  
M. M. Tentzeris ◽  
J. Virkki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Direct Writing ◽  
Uhf Rfid ◽  
Passive Uhf Rfid ◽  
Photonic Curing ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Rfid Antennas

This paper introduces 3D direct writing and microdispensing of graphene ultrahigh frequency (UHF) radio-frequency-identification (RFID) antennas on textile, wood, and cardboard substrates, subsequently cured either by conventional oven or photonically by pulsed Xenon flashes. Photonic-cured passive UHF RFID graphene tags on cardboard, wood, and textile substrates achieve read ranges of 5.4, 4.6, and 4 meters, respectively. These results are superior to those achieved by the oven-cured tags that featured read ranges of 4.8, 4.5, and 3.6 meters, respectively. This work presents the first integration of 3D printing and photonic curing of graphene antennas on low-cost versatile substrates.

scholarly journals Performance and Benchmarking of Multisurface UHF RFID Tags for Readability and Reliability

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Joshua Bolton ◽  
Erick Jones ◽  
Raghavendra Kumar Punugu ◽  
Ankan Addy ◽  
Samuel Okate
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Uhf Rfid ◽  
Design For Six Sigma ◽  
Rfid Systems ◽  
Item Level ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Materials Used

As the price of passive radio frequency identification (RFID) tags continues to decrease, more and more companies are considering item-level tagging. Although the use of RFID is simple, its proper application should be studied to achieve maximum efficiency and utilization in the industry. This paper is intended to demonstrate the test results of various multisurface UHF tags from different manufacturers for their readability under varying conditions such as orientation of tags with respect to reader, distance of tag from the reader, and materials used for embedding tags. These conditions could affect the reliability of RFID systems used for varied applications. In this paper, we implement a Design for Six Sigma Research (DFSS-R) methodology that allows for reliability testing of RFID systems. In this paper, we have showcased our results about the benchmarking of UHF RFID tags and have put forward an important observation about the blind spots observed at different distances and orientations along different surfaces, which is primarily due to the polarity of the antenna chosen.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Chipless RFID Tags: Fabrication through Additive Manufacturing

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4740
Author(s):  
Sergio Terranova ◽  
Filippo Costa ◽  
Giuliano Manara ◽  
Simone Genovesi
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Metallic Surfaces ◽  
Data Encoding ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Promising Solution

A new class of Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) tags, namely the three-dimensional (3D)-printed chipless RFID one, is proposed, and their performance is assessed. These tags can be realized by low-cost materials, inexpensive manufacturing processes and can be mounted on metallic surfaces. The tag consists of a solid dielectric cylinder, which externally appears as homogeneous. However, the information is hidden in the inner structure of the object, where voids are created to encrypt information in the object. The proposed chipless tag represents a promising solution for anti-counterfeiting or security applications, since it avoids an unwanted eavesdropping during the reading process or information retrieval from a visual inspection that may affect other chipless systems. The adopted data-encoding algorithm does not rely on On–Off or amplitude schemes that are commonly adopted in the chipless RFID implementations but it is based on the maximization of available states or the maximization of non-overlapping regions of uncertainty. The performance of such class of chipless RFID tags are finally assessed by measurements on real prototypes.

scholarly journals Measurement system for over-the-air evaluation of UHF RFID tags quality

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Colella ◽  
Luca Catarinucci ◽  
Luciano Tarricone
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Uhf Rfid ◽  
Wireless Power ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Selection Of

Radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology is a consolidated example of wireless power transfer system in which passive electromagnetic labels called tags are able to harvest electromagnetic energy from the reader antennas, power-up their internal circuitry and provide the automatic identification of objects. Being fully passive, the performance of RFID tags is strongly dependent on the context, so that the selection of the most suitable tag for the specific application becomes a key point. In this work, a cost-effective but accurate system for the over-the-air electromagnetic characterization of assembled UHF RFID tags is firstly presented and then validated through comparison with a consolidated and diffused measurement systems. Moreover, challenging use-cases demonstrating the usefulness of the proposed systems in analyzing the electromagnetic performance of label-type tags also when applied on different material or embedded into concrete structures have been carried out.

scholarly journals Stretchable Textile Yarn Based on UHF RFID Helical Tag

Textiles ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-557
Author(s):  
Sofia Benouakta ◽  
Florin Doru Hutu ◽  
Yvan Duroc
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Textile Yarn ◽  
Radiative Properties ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Uhf Rfid ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Half Wave ◽  
Present Solution ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Helical Geometry

In the context of wearable technology, several techniques have been used for the fabrication of radio frequency identification (RFID) tags such as 3D printing, inkjet printing, and even embroidery. In contrast to these methods where the tag is attached to the object by using sewing or simple sticking, the E-Thread® technology is a novel assembling method allowing for the integration of the RFID tag into a textile yarn and thus makes it embeddable into the object at the fabrication stage. The current E-Thread® yarn uses a RFID tag in which the antenna is a straight half-wave dipole that makes the solution vulnerable to mechanical strains (i.e., elongation). In this paper, we propose an alternative to the current RFID yarn solution with the use of an antenna having a helical geometry that answers to the mechanical issues and keeps quite similar electrical and radiative properties with respect to the present solution. The RFID helical tag was designed and simulated taking into consideration the constraints of the manufacturing process. The helical RFID tag was then fabricated using the E-Thread® technology and experimental characterization showed that the obtained structure exhibited good performance with 10.6 m of read range in the ultra high frequency (UHF) RFID band and 10% of tolerance in terms of elongation.

An Efficient Positioning Algorithm Based on PID in Indoor Spaces Using RFID Technology

2013 ◽  
Vol 284-287 ◽  
pp. 2027-2031
Author(s):  
Young Long Chen ◽  
Zhi Rong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Position Estimation ◽  
Mobile Robot Navigation ◽  
Pid Controllers ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Fixed Power ◽  
Positioning Algorithm ◽  
Indoor Spaces

In order to solve outdoor positioning problems, a global positioning system (GPS) seems to be the best solution. However, GPS is unable to accurately and precisely locate objects or humans indoors. Thus, in this paper, we propose an efficient method for localization and position estimation for mobile robot navigation using passive radio-frequency identification (RFID). With our method, it is possible to accurately locate autonomous entities such as robots and people within a defined area. In simulations, we use PID controllers to increase the efficiency of captured RFID tags. Experiment results show that the number of captured RFID tags using our proposed method is greater than that of the fixed power level method.

scholarly journals Brush-Painting and Photonic Sintering of Copper Oxide and Silver Inks on Wood and Cardboard Substrates to Form Antennas for UHF RFID Tags

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erja Sipilä ◽  
Johanna Virkki ◽  
Jianhua Wang ◽  
Lauri Sydänheimo ◽  
Leena Ukkonen
Keyword(s):  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Uhf Rfid ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Wireless Testing ◽  
Silver Ink ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Remote Identification ◽  
Photonic Sintering

Additive deposition of inks with metallic inclusions provides compelling means to embed electronics into versatile structures. The need to integrate electronics into environmentally friendly components and structures increases dramatically together with the increasing popularity of the Internet of Things. We demonstrate a novel brush-painting method for depositing copper oxide and silver inks directly on wood and cardboard substrates and discuss the optimization of the photonic sintering process parameters for both materials. The optimized parameters were utilized to manufacture passive ultra high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) tag antennas. The results from wireless testing show that the RFID tags based on the copper oxide and silver ink antennas on wood substrate are readable from ranges of 8.5 and 11 meters, respectively, and on cardboard substrate from read ranges of 8.5 and 12 meters, respectively. These results are well sufficient for many future wireless applications requiring remote identification with RFID.

scholarly journals Localization of passive UHF RFID Labels with Kalman Filter

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Nick ◽  
J. Götze
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Unscented Kalman Filter ◽  
Uhf Rfid ◽  
Received Signal Strength Indicator ◽  
Localization Accuracy ◽  
Passive Uhf Rfid ◽  
Reader Antenna ◽  
Reference Tags ◽  
Frequency Identification

Abstract. Localization via Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is frequently used in different applications nowadays. It has the advantage that next to its ostensible purpose of identifying objects via their unique IDs it can simultaneously be used for the localization of these objects. In this work it is shown how Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) measurements at different antennae of a passive UHF RFID label can be combined for localization. The localization is only done based on the RSSI measurements and a Kalman Filter (KF). Because of non-linearities in the measurement function it is necessary to incorporate an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) or an Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) where simulations have shown that the UKF performs better than the EKF. Additionally to the selection of the filter there are different possibilities to increase the localization accuracy of the UKF: The advantages of using Reference Tags (RT) or more than one tag per trolley (relative positioning) in combination with an Unscented Kalman Filter are discussed and simulations results show that the localization error can be decreased significantly via these methods. Another possibility to increase the localization accuracy and in addition to achieve a more realistic simulation is the consideration of the angle between reader antenna and tag. Simulation results with the incorporation of different numbers of fixed antennae lead to the conclusion that this is a useful surplus in the localization.

On BFSA Collision Resolution in LF, HF, and UHF RFID Networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
Varun Bhogal ◽  
Zornitza Genova Prodanoff ◽  
Sanjay P. Ahuja ◽  
Kenneth Martin
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Uhf Rfid ◽  
Ceteris Paribus ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The Cost

RFID (radio frequency identification) technology has gained popularity in a number of applications. Decreased cost of hardware components along with wide adoption of international RFID standards have led to the rise of this technology. One of the major factors associated with the implementation of RFID infrastructure is the cost of tags. RFID tags operating in the low frequency spectrum are widely used because they are the least expensive, but have a small implementation range. This paper presents an analysis of RFID performance across low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and ultra-high frequency (UHF) environments. The authors' evaluation is theoretical, using a passive-tag BFSA based simulation model that assumes 10 to 1,500 tags per reader and is created with OPNET Modeler 17. Ceteris paribus, the authors' results indicate that total census delay is lowest for UHF tags, while network throughput performance of LF tags is highest for large scale implementations of hundreds of tags in reader's range. A statistical analysis has been conducted on the findings for the three different sets.

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