Thermoelectric Effects of Size of Microchannels on an Internally Cooled Li-Ion Battery Cell

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahabeddin K. Mohammadian ◽  
Yuwen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Temperature Uniformity ◽  
Thermoelectric Effects ◽  
Electrolyte Flow ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
Internally Cooled ◽  
Li Ion

Thermoelectric effects of size of microchannels on an internally cooled Li-ion battery cell is investigated in this paper. The liquid electrolyte was flowed as the coolant through rectangular microchannels embedded in the positive and negative electrodes. The effects of size of microchannels on the thermal and electrical performances of a Li-ion (Lithium-ion) battery cell were studied by carrying out 3D transient thermal analysis. Six different cases were designed according to the ratio of the width of the microchannels to the width of the cell from 0 to 0.5. The effects of inlet velocity of electrolyte flow, inlet temperature of electrolyte flow, and size of the microchannels were studied on the temperature uniformity inside the battery cell, maximum temperature inside the battery cell, and cell voltage. The results showed that increasing the size of the microchannels enhances the thermal performance of the battery cell; however, it causes slight decrease on the cell voltage (less than 2%). Comparison between the case with width ratio of 0.5 (Case 6) with the case without microchannel (Case 1) showed that this internal cooling method can decrease the maximum temperature of the battery up to 11.22K, 9.36K, and 7.86K for the inlet temperature of electrolyte flow of 288.15K, 298.15K, and 308.15K, respectively. Furthermore, the case with width ratio of 0.5 (Case 6) has up to 77% better temperature uniformity compare with the case with width ratio of 0.1 (Case 2). Increasing the inlet temperature of electrolyte flow enhances the temperature uniformity up to 33% and increases the cell voltage up to 3%, but it keeps the battery on higher temperatures. Furthermore, increasing the inlet velocity of electrolyte flow from 0.01m/s to 0.01m/s enhances the thermal management of the battery cell by decreasing the temperature inside the battery up to 8.09K, 6.75K, and 5.67K for the inlet temperature of electrolyte flow of 288.15K, 298.15K, and 308.15K respectively. Furthermore, it improves the temperature uniformity up to 89% and decreases the voltage less than 1%.

Effects of Size of Microchannels on Thermo-Electrical Performance of an Internally Cooled Li-Ion Battery Cell

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahabeddin K. Mohammadian ◽  
Yuwen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Internal Cooling ◽  
Temperature Uniformity ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Electrolyte Flow ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
Li Ion

Thermal management of Li-ion batteries utilizing internal cooling method is the promising way to keep these batteries in an appropriate temperature range and to improve the temperature uniformity. In this study, three-dimensional transient thermal analysis was carried out to investigate the effects of size of embedded microchannels inside the electrodes on the thermal and electrical performances of a Li-ion battery cell. Based on the ratio of the width of microchannels to the width of the cell, different cases were designed; from the ratio of 0 (without any microchannels) to the ratio of 0.5. The results showed that increasing the size of the microchannels from the width ratio of 0 to the width ratio of 0.5 can reduce the maximum temperature inside the battery cell up to 11.22 K; it can also improve the temperature uniformity inside the battery cell. Increasing the electrolyte flow inlet temperature from 288.15 K to 308.15 K can enhance the temperature uniformity inside the battery and the cell voltage up to 33.20% and 2.79%, respectively. Increasing the electrolyte flow inlet velocity from 1 cm/s to 10 cm/s can reduce the maximum temperature inside the battery cell up to 8.09 K.

scholarly journals Transient Thermal Analysis of a Li-Ion Battery Module for Electric Cars Based on Various Cooling Fan Arrangements

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2387
Author(s):  
Van-Thanh Ho ◽  
Kyoungsik Chang ◽  
Sang Wook Lee ◽  
Sung Han Kim
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Discharge Condition ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Battery Module

This paper presents a three-dimensional modeling approach to simulate the thermal performance of a Li-ion battery module for a new urban car. A single-battery cell and a 52.3 Ah Li-ion battery module were considered, and a Newman, Tiedemann, Gu, and Kim (NTGK) model was adopted for the electrochemical modeling based on input parameters from the discharge experiment. A thermal–electrochemical coupled method was established to provide insight into the temperature variations over time under various discharge conditions. The distribution temperature of a single-battery cell was predicted accurately. Additionally, in a 5C discharge condition without a cooling system, the temperature of the battery module reached 114 °C, and the temperature difference increased to 25 °C under a 5C discharging condition. This condition led to the activation of thermal runaway and the possibility of an explosion. However, the application of a reasonable fan circulation and position reduced the maximum temperature to 49.7 °C under the 5C discharge condition. Moreover, accurate prediction of the temperature difference between cell areas during operation allowed for a clear understanding and design of an appropriate fan system.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Passive Thermal Management Systems for Electric Vehicles

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3881
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Behi ◽  
Danial Karimi ◽  
Rekabra Youssef ◽  
Mahesh Suresh Patil ◽  
Joeri Van Mierlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Convection ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
Cell Spacing ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
High Specific Energy ◽  
Battery Module

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries have emerged as a promising energy source for electric vehicle (EV) applications owing to the solution offered by their high power, high specific energy, no memory effect, and their excellent durability. However, they generate a large amount of heat, particularly during the fast discharge process. Therefore, a suitable thermal management system (TMS) is necessary to guarantee their performance, efficiency, capacity, safety, and lifetime. This study investigates the thermal performance of different passive cooling systems for the LTO Li-ion battery cell/module with the application of natural convection, aluminum (Al) mesh, copper (Cu) mesh, phase change material (PCM), and PCM-graphite. Experimental results show the average temperature of the cell, due to natural convection, Al mesh, Cu mesh, PCM, and PCM-graphite compared with the lack of natural convection decrease by 6.4%, 7.4%, 8.8%, 30%, and 39.3%, respectively. In addition, some numerical simulations and investigations are solved by COMSOL Multiphysics®, for the battery module consisting of 30 cells, which is cooled by PCM and PCM-graphite. The maximum temperature of the battery module compared with the natural convection case study is reduced by 15.1% and 17.3%, respectively. Moreover, increasing the cell spacing in the battery module has a direct effect on temperature reduction.

scholarly journals Effect of parameters on thermal and fluid flow behavior of battery thermal management system

2020 ◽  
pp. 290-290
Author(s):  
Asif Afzal ◽  
Awatef Abidi ◽  
Ad Samee ◽  
Rk Razak ◽  
Manzoore Soudagar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nusselt Number ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Lateral Surface ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
Battery Thermal Management ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Battery Cells

In modern electric vehicles the thermal stability problems associated with Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery system is of major concern. Proper battery thermal management systems (BTMS) is required to ensure safety and efficient performance of battery cells. A realistic conjugate heat transfer and fluid flow analysis of Li-ion prismatic battery cell is performed. The flow of air as coolant, is laminar, flowing between the heat generating battery cells. The effect of few important working parameters like volumetric heat generation ( q), conduction-convection parameter (?cc), Reynolds number (Re), Aspect ratio (Ar), and spacing between the cells ( f) is investigated in this work. For the wide range of parameters considered, the temperature variations in battery cell and coolant is carried out. Focusing mainly on effect of Re and f, behavior of local Nusselt number (Nux), local friction coefficient (Cf, x), average Nusselt number (Nuavg), average friction coefficient (Cf, avg), maximum temperature, mean fluid temperature, heat removed from the lateral surface of cell are discussed. Nuavg increased with increase in Re but decreased with increase in f, whereas Cf, avg decreased with increase in Re and f. It is also found that their exists an upper and lower limit on Re and f above and below which the change in Cf, avg and Nuavg is negligible. Maximum temperature is significantly influenced at low Re and for all f. From the lateral surface of battery over which the coolant flows, more than 96% of heat generated in cell is removed.

Thermal Management of Li-Ion Batteries by Embedding Microgrooves Inside the Electrodes: A Thermal Lattice Boltzmann Method Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahabeddin K. Mohammadian ◽  
Yuwen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Lattice Boltzmann ◽  
Porous Electrode ◽  
Temperature Uniformity ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Electrolyte Flow ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Boltzmann Method ◽  
Thermal Lattice Boltzmann

Abstract One way to enhance the thermal performance of the Li-ion batteries is embedding microgrooves inside the porous electrodes and flowing the electrolyte through these microgrooves. Heat transfer from the battery can be enhanced by having both convection and conduction heat transfers inside the electrodes, instead of conduction heat transfer alone. A two-dimensional thermal lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) was employed to predict electrolyte flow, heat transfer, and internal heat generation inside the positive porous electrode. Size and number of the microgrooves and the electrolyte flow velocity inside them were investigated, and it was found that embedding microgrooves inside the porous electrode improved the thermal performance of the Li-ion battery by keeping the electrode in lower temperatures and improving its temperature uniformity. Furthermore, increasing the electrolyte flow velocity as well as increasing the number of microgrooves (in a constant ratio between the total size of the microgrooves to the size of the porous electrode) kept the porous electrode in lower temperatures and enhanced temperature uniformity.

Influence of VC and FEC Additives on Interphase Properties of Carbon in Li-Ion Cells Investigated by Combined EIS & EQCM-D

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Kitz ◽  
Matthew Lacey ◽  
Petr Novák ◽  
Erik Berg
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Solid Electrolyte Interphase ◽  
Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Side Reactions ◽  
Ion Diffusion ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
Anode Passivation ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Li Ion

<div>The electrolyte additives vinylene carbonate (VC) and fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) are well known for increasing the lifetime of a Li-ion battery cell by supporting the formation of an effective solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) at the anode. In this study combined simultaneous electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and <i>operando</i> electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (EQCM-D) are employed together with <i>in situ</i> gas analysis (OEMS) to study the influence of VC and FEC on the passivation process and the interphase properties at carbon-based anodes. In small quantities both additives reduce the initial interphase mass loading by 30 to 50 %, but only VC also effectively prevents continuous side reactions and improves anode passivation significantly. VC and FEC are both reduced at potentials above 1 V vs. Li<sup>+</sup>/Li in the first cycle and change the SEI composition which causes an increase of the SEI shear storage modulus by over one order of magnitude in both cases. As a consequence, the ion diffusion coefficient and conductivity in the interphase is also significantly affected. While small quantities of VC in the initial electrolyte increase the SEI conductivity, FEC decomposition products hinder charge transport through the SEI and thus increase overall anode impedance significantly. </div>

scholarly journals Upscaling of LATP synthesis: Stoichiometric screening of phase purity and microstructure to ionic conductivity maps

Ionics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 2017-2025
Author(s):  
Nikolas Schiffmann ◽  
Ethel C. Bucharsky ◽  
Karl G. Schell ◽  
Charlotte A. Fritsch ◽  
Michael Knapp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Ion Conductivity ◽  
Process Window ◽  
Lithium Aluminum ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
Li Ion

AbstractLithium aluminum titanium phosphate (LATP) is known to have a high Li-ion conductivity and is therefore a potential candidate as a solid electrolyte. Via sol-gel route, it is already possible to prepare the material at laboratory scale in high purity and with a maximum Li-ion conductivity in the order of 1·10−3 s/cm at room temperature. However, for potential use in a commercial, battery-cell upscaling of the synthesis is required. As a first step towards this goal, we investigated whether the sol-gel route is tolerant against possible deviations in the concentration of the precursors. In order to establish a possible process window for sintering, the temperature interval from 800 °C to 1100 °C and holding times of 10 to 480 min were evaluated. The resulting phase compositions and crystal structures were examined by X-ray diffraction. Impedance spectroscopy was performed to determine the electrical properties. The microstructure of sintered pellets was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and correlated to both density and ionic conductivity. It is shown that the initial concentration of the precursors strongly influences the formation of secondary phases like AlPO4 and LiTiOPO4, which in turn have an influence on ionic conductivity, densification behavior, and microstructure evolution.

scholarly journals Nanoscale electrochemical response of lithium-ion cathodes: a combined study using C-AFM and SIMS

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1623-1628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Op de Beeck ◽  
Nouha Labyedh ◽  
Alfonso Sepúlveda ◽  
Valentina Spampinato ◽  
Alexis Franquet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
Individual Layer ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
The Impact

The continuous demand for improved performance in energy storage is driving the evolution of Li-ion battery technology toward emerging battery architectures such as 3D all-solid-state microbatteries (ASB). Being based on solid-state ionic processes in thin films, these new energy storage devices require adequate materials analysis techniques to study ionic and electronic phenomena. This is key to facilitate their commercial introduction. For example, in the case of cathode materials, structural, electrical and chemical information must be probed at the nanoscale and in the same area, to identify the ionic processes occurring inside each individual layer and understand the impact on the entire battery cell. In this work, we pursue this objective by using two well established nanoscale analysis techniques namely conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). We present a platform to study Li-ion composites with nanometer resolution that allows one to sense a multitude of key characteristics including structural, electrical and chemical information. First, we demonstrate the capability of a biased AFM tip to perform field-induced ionic migration in thin (cathode) films and its diagnosis through the observation of the local resistance change. The latter is ascribed to the internal rearrangement of Li-ions under the effect of a strong and localized electric field. Second, the combination of C-AFM and SIMS is used to correlate electrical conductivity and local chemistry in different cathodes for application in ASB. Finally, a promising starting point towards quantitative electrochemical information starting from C-AFM is indicated.

Real-Time Estimation of Lithium-Ion Concentration in Both Electrodes of a Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Utilizing Electrochemical–Thermal Coupling

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satadru Dey ◽  
Beshah Ayalew
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Unscented Kalman Filter ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
Thermal Dynamics ◽  
Estimation Scheme ◽  
Real Time Estimation ◽  
Li Ion

This paper proposes and demonstrates an estimation scheme for Li-ion concentrations in both electrodes of a Li-ion battery cell. The well-known observability deficiencies in the two-electrode electrochemical models of Li-ion battery cells are first overcome by extending them with a thermal evolution model. Essentially, coupling of electrochemical–thermal dynamics emerging from the fact that the lithium concentrations contribute to the entropic heat generation is utilized to overcome the observability issue. Then, an estimation scheme comprised of a cascade of a sliding-mode observer and an unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is constructed that exploits the resulting structure of the coupled model. The approach gives new real-time estimation capabilities for two often-sought pieces of information about a battery cell: (1) estimation of cell-capacity and (2) tracking the capacity loss due to degradation mechanisms such as lithium plating. These capabilities are possible since the two-electrode model needs not be reduced further to a single-electrode model by adding Li conservation assumptions, which do not hold with long-term operation. Simulation studies are included for the validation of the proposed scheme. Effect of measurement noise and parametric uncertainties is also included in the simulation results to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme.

Development of the Li-ion Battery Cell for Hybrid Vehicle

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Nagai ◽  
Masahiro Morita ◽  
Koichi Satoh
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Vehicle ◽  
Li Ion Battery ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
Li Ion
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document