Monte Carlo Simulation of Backscatter Signals Through Thin Scattering Layers for Biomedical Applications

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Eze ◽  
Y. Hassebo
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Path Length ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Radiation Transport ◽  
Monte Carlo Model ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Radiative Properties ◽  
Noninvasive Methods ◽  
Space Applications

Monte Carlo simulation of photon transport is formulated to solve transient radiative transfer equation through thin multilayered scattering-absorbing media with inhomogeneous properties. Though thin layers might seem to be geometrically insignificant, contribution of their radiative properties is relevant in predicting the behavior of most bioengineering, biomedical and space applications. Most traditional Monte Carlo models often fail to capture the presence of thin layers and account for its radiative properties. If the Monte Carlo model is implemented without unique features then the results of the simulation would show incorrect effect of thin layers since the path length of most photons would be significantly larger than the layer thickness and the evaluated photon travel path length would simply not feel the existence of the layer. Numerical and algorithmic features for computation of radiation transport through thin scattering and absorbing layers using the traditional Monte Carlo and an enhanced Monte Carlo model with features specifically developed for thin layers is presented and implemented for the analysis of backscattered radiation. It is observed that while Monte Carlo without special features defines the radiative effect of the layers, the refined technique indicates that layers have a great impact on the backscattered light, especially if the layer properties are distinctly different from those of the contiguous layers. The results have significant implications in the study of diagnostic applications of laser in biomedical applications since backscattered light is one of the non-invasive techniques available for detection of diseases and complements other known methods. Analyses of backscattered signals have also found use in the noninvasive methods of medical use especially in skin diagnostics.

Modeling Energy Deposition in Very Thin Layered Media by Monte Carlo Simulation

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reginald Eze ◽  
Anisur Rahman ◽  
Sunil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Path Length ◽  
Energy Deposition ◽  
Radiation Transport ◽  
Monte Carlo Model ◽  
Layered Media ◽  
Thin Layers

A Monte Carlo model with special features for modeling of radiation transport through very thin layers has been presented. Over the decades traditional Monte Carlo model has been used to model highly scattering thin layers in skin and may inaccurately capture the effect of thin layers since their interfaces are not perfectly planar and thicknesses non-uniform. If the Monte Carlo model is implemented without special features then the results of the simulation would show no effect of the outer thin layer since the path length of most photons would be significantly larger than the layer thickness and the resulting predicted photon travel would simply not notice the presence of the layer. Examples of multi-layered media are considered where the effect of a very thin absorbing layers is systematically examined using both the traditional Monte Carlo and that with new features incorporated. The results have profound implications in the diagnostic and therapeutic applications of laser in biomedicine and surgery.

Monte Carlo Simulation of the Laser-Induced Temperature Dynamics in Very Thin Scattering and Absorbing Biological Layer Piles

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reginald C. Eze
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Radiation Transport ◽  
Short Pulse ◽  
Pulse Length ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Thermal Dissipation ◽  
Traditional Model ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Temperature Dynamics

Radiative-thermal models of light transport in tissue are presented that stimulates the thermal effects of pulsed laser radiation on very thin scattering and absorbing biological layers. Thermal therapies require a firm understanding of temperature-depth relationship for tissue modification or destruction, especially through very thin layers that are characterized by contrasting opto-thermal properties. Temperature distribution in biological layers of thicknesses in the order of their mean free path or less are evaluated before the onset of thermal diffusion for both the traditional model of Monte Carlo simulation and that with new features tailored for very thin layers. Temperature dynamics in very thin layers such as skin in dermatology is a typical example. For instance, during the heating of small volumes of tissue as in fractional photothermolysis, nonablative dermal remodeling and ablative skin resurfacing, short pulse lasers are used by choosing pulse length sufficiently short that will not damage the surrounding healthy tissue, but sufficiently long enough to allow damage, necrosis or coagulation over the entire target area. This is in contrast to the situation where thermal dissipation due to heat conduction is the principal determinant of tissue damage. Numerical results obtained from both models differ significantly. While the model designed specifically for very thin scattering layers tends to confine temperature rise to specific layers, the traditional model have a tendency to misjudge the layers of interest thereby giving rise to temperature increase in undesired locations. These results will advance our understanding of radiation transport in layers that are extremely very thin, and help develop better treatment modules for laser therapeutic treatment regimes in surgery and dermatology.

PENGEOM – A general-purpose geometry package for Monte Carlo simulation of radiation transport in complex material structures (New Version Announcement)

2021 ◽  
pp. 107962
Author(s):  
Julio Almansa ◽  
Francesc Salvat-Pujol ◽  
Gloria Díaz-Londoño ◽  
Artur Carnicer ◽  
Antonio M. Lallena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Radiation Transport ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Complex Material

Monte Carlo Simulation of Self-Absorption Effects in Elemental XRF Analysis of Atmospheric Particulates Collected on Filters

1975 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 323-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Hawthorne ◽  
R. P. Gardner ◽  
T. G. Dzubay
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Enhancement Effect ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Atmospheric Particulates ◽  
Cylinders And Spheres

Monte Carlo simulation is used to determine the effects of selfabsorption for the low energy X-rays of light elements in the size range front 1 to 20 μm. Calculations are performed for a wide angle Fe-55 radioisotope-excited energy dispersive XRF system. Results are obtained for sulfur attenuation in thin layers, long cylinders, and spheres composed of various matrix materials. The enhancement effect is also treated for the transition region between thin and thick layer samples as well as in spheres of various sizes. Results are also comrpared to fixed angle analytical models.

Monte Carlo simulation of plasma oscillations in ultra-thin layers

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-F. Millithaler ◽  
L. Varani ◽  
C. Palermo ◽  
J. Pousset ◽  
W. Knap ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Plasma Oscillations

Monte Carlo Simulation of Sunlight Transport in Solar Trees for Effective Sunlight Capture

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Navni N. Verma ◽  
Sandip Mazumder
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Radiation Flux ◽  
Radiation Transport ◽  
Global Radiation ◽  
Capture Efficiency ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
3D Space ◽  
Local Radiation ◽  
Insight Into

Solar photovoltaic (PV) cells arranged in complex 3D leaflike configurations—referred to as a solar tree—can potentially collect more sunlight than traditionally used flat configurations. It is hypothesized that this could be because of two reasons. First, the 3D space can be utilized to increase the overall surface area over which the sunlight may be captured. Second, as opposed to traditional flat panel configurations where the capture efficiency decreases dramatically for shallow angles of incidence, the capture efficiency of a solar tree is hampered little by shallow angles of incidence due to the 3D orientation of the solar leaves. In this paper, high fidelity Monte Carlo simulation of radiation transport is conducted to gain insight into whether the above hypotheses are true. The Monte Carlo simulations provide local radiation flux distributions in addition to global radiation flux summaries. The studies show that except for near-normal solar incidence angles, solar trees capture sunlight more effectively than flat panels—often by more than a factor of 5. The Monte Carlo results were also interpolated to construct a daily sunlight capture profile both for midwinter and midsummer for a typical North American city. During winter, the solar tree improved sunlight capture by 227%, while in summer the improvement manifested was 54%.

scholarly journals Ab initiokinetic Monte Carlo simulation of seeded emulsion polymerizations of styrene

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 10796-10805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Drache ◽  
Katrin Brandl ◽  
Rebecca Reinhardt ◽  
Sabine Beuermann
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Kinetic Monte Carlo ◽  
Monte Carlo Model ◽  
Radical Transfer ◽  
Emulsion Polymerizations

A kinetic Monte Carlo model for emulsion polymerizations based on elemental reactions and radical transfer into particles is introduced.

scholarly journals Monte Carlo Simulation of Pathogen Behavior during the Sprout Production Process

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 746-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Montville ◽  
Donald Schaffner
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Detection Limit ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Monte Carlo Model ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Seed Disinfection ◽  
Reduction Strategies

ABSTRACT Food-borne disease outbreaks linked to the consumption of raw sprouts have become a concern over the past decade. A Monte Carlo simulation model of the sprout production process was created to determine the most-effective points for pathogen control. Published literature was reviewed, and relevant data were compiled. Appropriate statistical distributions were determined and used to create the Monte Carlo model with Analytica software. Factors modeled included initial pathogen concentration and prevalence, seed disinfection effectiveness, and sampling of seeds prior to sprouting, sampling of irrigation water, or sampling of the finished product. Pathogen concentration and uniformity of seed contamination had a large effect on the fraction of contaminated batches predicted by the simulation. The model predicted that sprout sampling and irrigation water sampling at the end of the sprouting process would be more effective in pathogen detection than seed sampling prior to production. Day of sampling and type of sample (sprout or water) taken had a minimal effect on rate of detection. Seed disinfection reduced the proportion of contaminated batches, but in some cases it also reduced the ability to detect the pathogen when it was present, because cell numbers were reduced below the detection limit. Both the amount sampled and the pathogen detection limit were shown to be important variables in determining sampling effectiveness. This simulation can also be used to guide further research and compare the levels of effectiveness of different risk reduction strategies.

scholarly journals Variance-Reduction Methods for Monte Carlo Simulation of Radiation Transport

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvador García-Pareja ◽  
Antonio M. Lallena ◽  
Francesc Salvat
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Variance Reduction ◽  
Radiation Transport ◽  
Scattering Method ◽  
Variance Reduction Techniques ◽  
Simulation Efficiency ◽  
Reduction Techniques ◽  
Exponential Transform ◽  
Reduction Methods

After a brief description of the essentials of Monte Carlo simulation methods and the definition of simulation efficiency, the rationale for variance-reduction techniques is presented. Popular variance-reduction techniques applicable to Monte Carlo simulations of radiation transport are described and motivated. The focus is on those techniques that can be used with any transport code, irrespective of the strategies used to track charged particles; they operate by manipulating either the number and weights of the transported particles or the mean free paths of the various interaction mechanisms. The considered techniques are 1) splitting and Russian roulette, with the ant colony method as builder of importance maps, 2) exponential transform and interaction-forcing biasing, 3) Woodcock or delta-scattering method, 4) interaction forcing, and 5) proper use of symmetries and combinations of different techniques. Illustrative results from analog simulations (without recourse to variance-reduction) and from variance-reduced simulations of various transport problems are presented.

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