FEA Analysis of a Portable Knee Rehabilitation Device Using Mechanical Loading

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daric Fitzwater ◽  
Andrew Rophie ◽  
Benjamin Schroeder ◽  
Andrew Dole ◽  
Juan Solano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Knee Rehabilitation ◽  
Research Initiative ◽  
Knee Loading ◽  
Fea Analysis ◽  
Ansys Workbench

In this paper, a solid model has been created with CAD software and analyzed with FEA software to obtain the deformed geometry, stress distribution, modal frequencies, temperature distribution, and life expectancy of a knee loading device that will be used in a combined biomedical and mechanical engineering research initiative. The purpose of this device is to mechanically load the end of the long bone of the human leg, causing movement of the fluids within the bone that can stimulate increased growth of bone tissues. This could potentially be used to speed the healing process of bone fractures. The CAD model of the device was constructed in Pro/ENGINEER and then exported to ANSYS Workbench where it was then meshed and solved using the finite element method.

scholarly journals A Novel Capacitive Measurement Device for Longitudinal Monitoring of Bone Fracture Healing

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 6694
Author(s):  
Angela Sorriento ◽  
Marcello Chiurazzi ◽  
Luca Fabbri ◽  
Michelangelo Scaglione ◽  
Paolo Dario ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
External Fixators ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Implant Stability ◽  
Measurement Device ◽  
3D Space ◽  
Bone Callus

The healing process of surgically-stabilised long bone fractures depends on two main factors: (a) the assessment of implant stability, and (b) the knowledge of bone callus stiffness. Currently, X-rays are the main diagnostic tool used for the assessment of bone fractures. However, they are considered unsafe, and the interpretation of the clinical results is highly subjective, depending on the clinician’s experience. Hence, there is the need for objective, non-invasive and repeatable methods to allow a longitudinal assessment of implant stability and bone callus stiffness. In this work, we propose a compact and scalable system, based on capacitive sensor technology, able to measure, quantitatively, the relative pins displacements in bone fractures treated with external fixators. The measurement device proved to be easily integrable with the external fixator pins. Smart arrangements of the sensor units were exploited to discriminate relative movements of the external pins in the 3D space with a resolution of 0.5 mm and 0.5°. The proposed capacitive technology was able to detect all of the expected movements of the external pins in the 3D space, providing information on implant stability and bone callus stiffness.

scholarly journals Correlating mRUST scoring with fracture healing in the mouse model

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony McGuire ◽  
Adam Knox ◽  
Caio de Andrade Staut ◽  
Melissa Kacena ◽  
Roman Natoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Fracture Healing ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Fracture Repair ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Method Of Assessment ◽  
Non Destructive

Background/Objective: Long bone fractures are an expensive and frequent cause of disability in humans. Research seeking to accelerate and improve the healing process is more essential than ever. Animal models, mice especially, provide an inexpensive and reproducible model of in vivo fracture healing. However, many measures of murine fracture healing outcomes are either expensive or destructive, limiting their ability to be translated to clinical studies. We seek to determine how these measures such as biomechanics, µCT, and histology correlate to the relatively new, inexpensive, and non-destructive method of mRUST scoring in a mouse model.  Methods: One hundred and thirty-five, 12-week old male C57BL6/J mice were divided into nine groups of 15 mice. Mice underwent a surgically created, femoral fracture. At biweekly timepoints, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were taken, and 15 mice were sacrificed at each time point (7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24, 28, 35, and 42 days post-surgery) for biomechanical, µCT, and histological analyses. The modified Radiographic Union Scale for Tibial fractures (mRUST scoring) provides a score based on the visualization of a callus and fracture line in four cortices on the radiographs. Data analysis will be performed to determine the degree of correlation between mRUST scoring and other fracture healing outcomes.  Results/Conclusion: Data collection in this experiment is still forthcoming. Upon successful completion of this project, we will have established numerical correlations between mRUST scoring and other fracture healing outcomes, such as biomechanics, µCT microarchitecture, and histology. These correlations will provide a powerful tool in future mouse fracture healing studies, as data on the state and strength of fracture repair could be determined by simple radiograph.  Scientific/Clinical Policy Impact and Implications: This study will both provide future murine fracture studies with an inexpensive and non-destructive method of assessment that is more directly translatable to human fracture studies. 

scholarly journals Modified deep learning ResNeXt model for Human long bone fracture detection and classification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Sharma ◽  
◽  
D. P. Yadav ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Texture Features ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Fracture Detection ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Automated Technique

The field of medical science is going to take advantage of Machine learning. It has increased dramatically over the last decade. Nowadays, you can see other innovations used in medical sciences, such as machine learning and deep learning. They can help to diagnose the illness or cause. It can also aid in the healing process by keeping notes. At a similar pace, an upper hand has been provided to the physicians for image processing by incorporating computers. Bone fractures are normal these days, and the identification of fractures is a critical part of orthopedic X-ray imaging. The automated technique lets the doctor quickly begin medical treatment. Using Machine Learning and CNN (Convolutional Neural Network), we suggest a new deep learning model perform bone diagnosis by eliminating discontinuity followed by segmentation of the image in a system that detects bone fractures. It overcomes the shortcomings of the previous approach that operates only on examination of the texture features. The proposed deep learning modified ResNeXt model performs much better than the state-of arts.

Effect of xenogenic cortical bone on fracture healing in a canine fracture model

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-159
Author(s):  
Suyoung Heo ◽  
Kyoungmin So ◽  
Sehoon Kim ◽  
Minsu Kim ◽  
Haebeom Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Fracture Repair ◽  
Host Bone ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of xenogenic cortical bone (XCB) on fracture repair in the canine ulna. The entire group of animals (n = 12) had a transverse resection of 5 mm length at the middle part of the right ulnar diaphysis. In Group A (eight beagles), the fracture was treated with XCB and metal bone screw. In Group B (four beagles), the fracture was treated with metal bone plate and screw. Radiological, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), histological examination and mechanical testing were employed to evaluate bone healing and reaction of XCB in the host bone. In Group A, bone union was noticed in 6 out of 8 dogs (75%), starting from the 4th week onwards. Micro-CT and histological examinations showed that the XCB was absorbed and incorporated into the host bone. Incorporation of XCB was observed in 7 cases (88%); it started from the 10th week onwards and continued to week 32 after surgery. Biomechanical strength of the bone fracture site was higher in Group A than in Group B, and was similar to that of normal bone. XCB enhances the bone healing process and can be used as absorbable internal fixation for the management of long bone fractures in dogs.

scholarly journals Review of Fracture Healing and Outcomes Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Knoximprs ◽  
Anthony McGuire ◽  
Christopher Collier ◽  
Melissa Kacena ◽  
Roman Natoli
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Healing ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Biomechanical Testing ◽  
Fracture Repair ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Fracture Callus ◽  
Medical Interventions ◽  
Healing Assessment

Background/Objective: Long bone fractures are of the most common and costly medical traumas humans experience.  Adequate characterization of the fracture healing process and development of potential medical interventions generally involves fracture induction operations on animal models of varying treatment or genetic groups, then analyzing relative repair success via synthesis of diverse assessment methodologies.  This review discusses the procedures, relevant parameters, special considerations, and key correlations of these major methodologies of fracture repair quantification.  Methods: A literature review was conducted for articles discussing the procedures or identifying correlations between each of the major fracture healing assessment methodologies.    Results: These methodologies include biomechanical testing, which provides the most direct quantification of skeletal functionality; micro-computed tomography, which enables high resolution visualization of fracture callus architecture; histology which helps elucidate the intricate processes underlying fracture repair; and x-ray which offers a non-invasive and clinically relevant view of fracture repair progress.  Each of these methodologies measure parameters directly correlating to restored functionality of fractured bone.  Conclusion: When appropriately integrated, synthesis of relevant parameters from each methodology of fracture repair assessment enables a comprehensive understanding of varying fracture healing outcomes and associated causalities.  Scientific/Clinical Policy Impact and Implications: This review may guide the interpretation and planning of fracture healing studies utilizing murine models. 

scholarly journals Influence of different methods of internal bone fixation on characteristics of bone callus in experimental animals

2014 ◽  
Vol 142 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Djordje Gajdobranski ◽  
Milorad Mitkovic ◽  
Nada Vuckovic ◽  
Miroslav Milankov ◽  
Slobodan Jovanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Plate Fixation ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Biomechanical Testing ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Femoral Diaphysis ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Bone Callus

Introduction. Correct choice of osteosynthesis method is a very important factor in providing the optimal conditions for appropriate healing of the fracture. There are still disagreements about the method of stabilization of some long bone fractures. Critically observed, no method of fracture fixation is ideal. Each osteosynthesis method has both advantages and weaknesses. Objective. The objective of this study was to compare the results of the experimental application of three different internal fixation methods: plate fixation, intramedullary nail fixation and self-dynamisable internal fixator (SIF). Methods. A series of 30 animals were used (Lepus cuniculus) as experimental animals, divided into three groups of ten animals each. Femoral diaphysis of each animal was osteotomized and fixed with one of three implants. Ten weeks later all animals were sacrificed and each specimen underwent histological and biomechanical testing. Results. Histology showed that the healing process with SIF was more complete and bone callus was more mature in comparison to other two methods. During biomechanical investigation (computerized bending stress test), it was documented with high statistical significance that using SIF led to stronger healing ten weeks after the operation. Conclusion. According to the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that SIF is a suitable method for fracture treatment.

Numerical Simulation of the Healing Process in the Tibia Diaphysis Fracture Fixed With External Fixation

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haosen Wang ◽  
Zhixiu Hao ◽  
Shizhu Wen ◽  
Chao Wan
Keyword(s):  
External Fixation ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Shaft Fracture ◽  
Mechanical Stimulus ◽  
Fracture Model ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Cortical Region ◽  
Oblique Fracture ◽  
Tibia Diaphysis

The tibia diaphysis (shaft) fracture is one of the most common long bone fractures, and is usually treated with either the internal or the external fixations. How to choose a proper fixation type is still empirical and controversial. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the lateral external fixation (LEF) is suitable to treat the transverse and oblique tibia diaphysis fracture, from a mechanobiological perspective. The healing processes in the tibia fractures were simulated using the finite element method. The models of both the transverse and oblique (45°) tibia diaphysis fracture fixed with a LEF were built. A mechano-bioregulatory algorithm, which considered both the mechanobiological and biological environments, was developed to simulate the cell and tissue activities inside the callus. The results showed that both fractures healed in a typical secondary osteogenesis process. After 60 days, the regions of external callus and bone marrow were occupied with bone tissue. However, the mechanical stimulus in the inter-cortical region in the oblique fracture model with a less stiff LEF was greater than the stimulus in the transverse fracture model with the same LEF, indicating that the angled fracture was prone to generate greater instability. Moreover, increased osteogenic differentiation threshold only slightly affected the bone formation in the bridging areas, thus, had minor influences on the healing process. In conclusion, the lateral external fixation demonstrated satisfactory capacity in the treatment of the transverse and oblique tibia diaphysis fracture. The oblique fracture was more likely to be affected with a less stiff fixation.

The 2+2 Rule in the Management of Long Bone Fractures in Patients with Severe Multiple Trauma

2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leszek Brongel ◽  
Wiesław Jarzynowski ◽  
Piotr Budzyński ◽  
Waldemar Hładki ◽  
Jacek Lorkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Trauma ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Severe Multiple Trauma ◽  
Long Bone Fractures
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