scholarly journals Thermal Analysis of Cancerous Breast Model

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Chanmugam ◽  
Rajeev Hatwar ◽  
Cila Herman
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Image Interpretation ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Thermal Recovery ◽  
Temperature Distributions ◽  
Dynamic Cooling

Breast cancer is one of the most common and dangerous cancers. Subsurface breast cancer lesions generate more heat and have increased blood supply when compared to healthy tissue, and this temperature rise is mirrored in the skin surface temperature. The rise in temperature on the skin surface, caused by the cancerous lesion, can be measured noninvasively using infrared thermography, which can be used as a diagnostic tool to detect the presence of a lesion. However, its diagnostic ability is limited when image interpretation relies on qualitative principles. In this study, we present a quantitative thermal analysis of breast cancer using a 3D computational model of the breast. The COMSOL FEM software was used to carry out the analysis. The effect of various parameters (tumor size, location, metabolic heat generation and blood perfusion rate) on the surface temperature distribution (which can be measured with infrared thermography) has been analyzed. Key defining features of the surface temperature profile have been identified, which can be used to estimate the size and location of the tumor based on (measured) surface temperature data. In addition, we employed a dynamic cooling process, to analyze surface temperature distributions during cooling and thermal recovery as a function of time. In this study, the effect of the cooling temperature on the enhancement of the temperature differences between normal tissue and cancerous lesions is evaluated. This study demonstrates that a quantification of temperature distributions by computational modeling, combined with thermographic imaging and dynamic cooling can be an important tool in the early detection of breast cancer.

scholarly journals 3D Thermal Monitoring of Jointed Rock Masses through Infrared Thermography and Photogrammetry

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 957
Author(s):  
Guglielmo Grechi ◽  
Matteo Fiorucci ◽  
Gian Marco Marmoni ◽  
Salvatore Martino
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Engineering Geology ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Jointed Rock ◽  
Geometric Accuracy ◽  
Rock Masses ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Temperature Distributions

The study of strain effects in thermally-forced rock masses has gathered growing interest from engineering geology researchers in the last decade. In this framework, digital photogrammetry and infrared thermography have become two of the most exploited remote surveying techniques in engineering geology applications because they can provide useful information concerning geomechanical and thermal conditions of these complex natural systems where the mechanical role of joints cannot be neglected. In this paper, a methodology is proposed for generating point clouds of rock masses prone to failure, combining the high geometric accuracy of RGB optical images and the thermal information derived by infrared thermography surveys. Multiple 3D thermal point clouds and a high-resolution RGB point cloud were separately generated and co-registered by acquiring thermograms at different times of the day and in different seasons using commercial software for Structure from Motion and point cloud analysis. Temperature attributes of thermal point clouds were merged with the reference high-resolution optical point cloud to obtain a composite 3D model storing accurate geometric information and multitemporal surface temperature distributions. The quality of merged point clouds was evaluated by comparing temperature distributions derived by 2D thermograms and 3D thermal models, with a view to estimating their accuracy in describing surface thermal fields. Moreover, a preliminary attempt was made to test the feasibility of this approach in investigating the thermal behavior of complex natural systems such as jointed rock masses by analyzing the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of surface temperature ranges under different climatic conditions. The obtained results show that despite the low resolution of the IR sensor, the geometric accuracy and the correspondence between 2D and 3D temperature measurements are high enough to consider 3D thermal point clouds suitable to describe surface temperature distributions and adequate for monitoring purposes of jointed rock mass.

Udder skin surface temperature variation pre- and post- milking in dairy cows as determined by infrared thermography

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunhe Yang ◽  
Gan Li ◽  
Xiaojun Zhang ◽  
Xianhong Gu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Skin Surface Temperature ◽  
Infrared Images ◽  
Significant Difference

The objectives of the research reported in this Research Communication were to compare the variation of hind quarter skin surface temperature pre- and post- milking in dairy cows and to determine the optimal time to capture images by infrared thermography for improving the sensitivity and specificity of mastitis detection in dairy cows. Hind quarter infrared images of 102 Holstein dairy cows were captured from the caudal view by an infrared camera pre-milking and post-milking. The udder skin surface temperature was measured with the help of the image processing software. No significant difference was found between the left and right quarter skin surface temperature pre- and post- milking. The hind quarter skin surface temperature pre-milking was not significantly influenced by milk yield, but exhibited a rising trend along with the increase of milk yield. The hind quarter skin surface temperature post-milking was significantly influenced by milk yield. This leads us to conclude that the sensitivity and specificity of IRT in mastitis detection may be influenced by milk yield and it may be better to capture the infrared images of cow udders pre-milking.

Thermal Analysis of Realistic Breast Model With Tumor and Validation by Infrared Images

2021 ◽  
pp. 208-218
Author(s):  
Deepika Singh ◽  
Ashutosh Kumar Singh ◽  
Sonia Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Thermal Model ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Breast Cancer Detection ◽  
Surface Geometry ◽  
Breast Thermography

Breast thermography is an emerging adjunct tool to mammography in early breast cancer detection due to its non-invasiveness and safety. Steady-state infrared imaging proves promising in this field as it is not affected by tissue density. The main aim of the present study is to develop a computational thermal model of breast cancer using real breast surface geometry and internal tumor specification. The model depicting the thermal profile of the subject's aggressive ductal carcinoma is calibrated by variation of blood perfusion and metabolic heat generation rate. The subject's IR image is used for validation of the simulated temperature profile. The thermal breast model presented here may prove useful in monitoring the response of tumor post-chemotherapy for female subjects with similar breast cancer characteristics.

Numerical Simulation of Enhanced Skin Thermal Signature of Female Breast Tumor Subjected to Forced Convection

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gupta ◽  
L. Hu ◽  
J. P. Gore ◽  
L. X. Xu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Forced Convection ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Transfer Problem ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Temperature Distributions ◽  
Thermal Signature

Early detection is considered to be the best defense against breast cancer and imaging plays a very important role in screening and in the diagnosis of symptomatic women. Infrared thermal imaging of skin temperature changes caused by a malignant tumor in breast is a rapidly developing detection modality with potential for functional detection. Knowledge and control of environmental factors which affect the skin temperature can reduce misinterpretations and false diagnosis associated with infrared imaging. A bio heat transfer based numerical model was utilized to study the energy balance in healthy and malignant breasts subjected to low velocity forced convection in a wind tunnel. Existing estimates of metabolic heating rates and previous measurements of temperature distributions along the radial direction in a region intersecting a known tumor and a comparable region in the healthy breast of the same patient were used to estimate the blood perfusion rates for the tumor. A simplified structural and thermal model was used for representing the changes within and around the tumor. Steady state temperature distributions on the skin surface of the breasts were obtained by numerically solving the conjugate heat transfer problem. Parametric studies on the influences of the airflow on the skin thermal expression of tumors were performed. It was found that the presence of tumor may not be clearly shown due to the irregularity of the skin temperature distribution induced by the flow field. Image processing techniques could be employed to eliminate the effects of the flow field and thermal noise and significantly improve the thermal signature of the tumor on the skin surface.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional analysis model of electric heating fabrics considering the skin metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 155892502110479
Author(s):  
Xiao Li ◽  
Bo Kuai ◽  
Xikai Tu ◽  
Jiahao Tan ◽  
Xuan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electric Heating ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Skin Tissue ◽  
Skin Surface Temperature ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Element Analysis

In low temperature environment, electric heating clothing can provide extra heat for human body through built-in heat source, so it has better thermal insulation effect. The thermal analysis is the initial step for electric heating clothing design. The current thermal analysis of electric heating textiles focuses on the fabric itself instead of the effect of skin tissue metabolism and heat production. In order to improve the accuracy of skin surface temperature prediction, the biological heat transfer need be modeled to analyze the internal temperature distribution of the heating suit system. In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) thermal analysis model of electric heating clothing combined with human skin tissue is established. Firstly, the coupling analysis of Fourier heat conduction and Pennes biological heat transfer equation is carried out. Then the reliability of the 3D thermal analysis model is verified by finite element analysis (FEA). The results show that the fitting error between the three-dimensional model analysis data and FEA simulation data is 5°C, which proves that the model can accurately predict the system temperature. Finally, we make further research about the effects of ambient temperature, clothing layer thickness, and input power on the maximum skin surface temperature. This study provides theoretical foundation for the design of wearable thermal management fabric.

Infrared Thermography-Based Breast Cancer Detection — Comprehensive Investigation

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (06) ◽  
pp. 1957002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nermin K. Negied
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Proper Time ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Breast Cancer Detection ◽  
Human Body Temperature

Breast cancer has been reported to be the first deadly disease that affects women worldwide. This type of cancer has been reported to be the second leading cause of death in women worldwide. Medical reports have also reported that every woman is exposed to having breast cancer with an average probability of about 12%. It has also been reported to be the most common cancer that affects women. Fatality could be due to the cancer detection delay; in other words, early detection of the tumor can increase the survival rate of patients. Routine techniques of imaging modalities for cancer screening such as Mammography, Computated Tomography (CT) scan, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and ultrasound are impractical tools for many reasons such as the irreproducible nature, the high error rate in cases of thick breasts, the pain and the annoyance they cause. Consequently, there is a need for more convincing strategies with high accuracy rates in breast cancer detection. Therefore, among the large variety of medical breast scanning techniques, thermography has attracted attention in applications related to detection and diagnosis. It is capable of providing helpful and useful information about the physiological variations and accordingly, it can detect tumors even in early stages. In addition, it is a very safe scanning tool, so as many needed tests can be held in proper time and manner. Thermography relies on the fact that human body temperature generally is a natural norm for the diagnosis of diseases. Thermography in medical applications applies infrared body examination tool which is fast, noninvasive, noncontact, pain free, radiation free and flexible to monitor the temperature of the human body. The fundamental principle of thermography relies on physiology such as the distribution of temperature on the skin surface. Infrared thermography scanning for breasts is an imaging technique which essentially searches for temperature change in human body. Temperature variance could be considered as a good indicator of tumor occurrence in the scanned area. Tumor mainly causes a noteworthy increase in blood vessel circulation and metabolic activity, so it causes higher radiations emitted from the human body around the regions of tumor. The paper surveys the literature work conducted in the field of breast cancer detection from thermogram scans. The survey is followed by a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of thermography-based tumor detection. A new research idea and some considerations are then suggested based on that discussion to achieve better results in this critical area.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document