Thermodynamic Analysis of an Integrated Solar-Based Multi-Stage Flash Desalination System

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diab W. Abueidda ◽  
Mohamed Gadalla
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Distillation Unit ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Exergy Destruction ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
Multi Stage

Worldwide concern about the scarcity of global water resources is increasing day by day. In Gulf countries, most power plants are co-generation power desalting plants (CPDP) that generate electric energy and also produce fresh water through the desalination of seawater. Nowadays, renewable energy provides a viable solution to the scarcity of energy resources and an environmental friendly option of global economy. In this paper, thermodynamic analyses have been performed on an integrated solar-based multi-stage flash desalination/Rankine cycle system. The respective losses as well as the first-law and second-law efficiencies for the system have been evaluated. The first-law and second-law efficiencies of the solar field were found to be 61.70% and 31.74%, respectively. The solar thermal field is based on direct steam generation method. Moreover, the mass flow rate through the Rankine cycle has been optimized to produce the maximum power. The optimal mass flow rate through the Rankine cycle found to be 51 kg/s. Furthermore, this paper presents and investigates a model of distillation plant that can use the heat rejected from the condenser of the Rankine cycle. The model is analyzed and validated with other results gained from literature. It found that the highest exergy destruction through the distillation unit occurs within the stages of the MSF unit. The percentage of exergy destruction in the MSF stages was found to be 75.41% of the total exergy destruction in the distillation unit. Additionally, this study verifies that increasing number of MSF stages decreases the percentage of exergy destruction.

scholarly journals Data-Driven Air-Cooled Condenser Performance Assessment: Model and Input Variable Selection Comparison

2020 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 10003
Author(s):  
Simone Ghettini ◽  
Alessandro Sorce ◽  
Roberto Sacile
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Semi Empirical

This paper presents a data–driven model for the estimation of the performance of an aircooled steam condenser (ACC) with the aim to develop an efficient online monitoring, summarized by the condenser pressure (or vacuum) as Key Performance Indicator. The estimation of the ACC performance model was based on different dataset from three different combined cycle power plants with a gross power of above 380 MWe each, focusing on stationary condition of the steam turbine. The datasets include both boundary (e.g. Ambient Temperature, Wind Speed) and operative parameters (e.g. steam mass flow rate, Steam turbine power, electrical load of the ACC fans) acquired from the power plants and some derived variable as the incondensable fraction, which calculation is here proposed as additional parameter. After a preliminary sensitivity analysis on data correlation, the paper focuses on the evaluation of different ACC Condenser models: Semi-Empirical model is described trough curves typically based on steam mass flow rate (or condenser load) and the ambient temperature as main parameters. Since monitoring based on ACC design curves Semi-Empirical models, provides biased poor results, with an error of about 15%, the curves parameters were estimated basing on training data set. Other two data driven models were presented, basing on a neural network modelling and multi linear regression technique and compared on the base of the reduced number of input at first and then including aldo the other process variables in the prediction of the condenser back pressure. Estimate the parameters of the Semi-Empirical model, results in a better prediction if just steam mass flow rate and ambient temperature are available, with an error of the 7%, thanks to the knowledge contained within the “curves shapes”, with respect to linear regression (8.3%) and Neural Network models (7.6%). Higher accuracy can be then obtained by considering a larger number of operative parameters and exploiting more complex data-driven model. With a higher number of features, the neural network model has proved a higher accuracy than the linear regression model. In fact, the mean percentage error of the NN model (2.6%), in all plant operating conditions, is slightly lower than the error of the linear regression model, but presents and much lower than the mean error of the Semi-Empirical model thanks to the additional data-based knowledge.

scholarly journals Off-Design Performances of an Organic Rankine Cycle for Waste Heat Recovery from Gas Turbines

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Carcasci ◽  
Lapo Cheli ◽  
Pietro Lubello ◽  
Lorenzo Winchler
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Air Mass

This paper presents an off-design analysis of a gas turbine Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) combined cycle. Combustion turbine performances are significantly affected by fluctuations in ambient conditions, leading to relevant variations in the exhaust gases’ mass flow rate and temperature. The effects of the variation of ambient air temperature have been considered in the simulation of the topper cycle and of the condenser in the bottomer one. Analyses have been performed for different working fluids (toluene, benzene and cyclopentane) and control systems have been introduced on critical parameters, such as oil temperature and air mass flow rate at the condenser fan. Results have highlighted similar power outputs for cycles based on benzene and toluene, while differences as high as 34% have been found for cyclopentane. The power output trend with ambient temperature has been found to be influenced by slope discontinuities in gas turbine exhaust mass flow rate and temperature and by the upper limit imposed on the air mass flow rate at the condenser as well, suggesting the importance of a correct sizing of the component in the design phase. Overall, benzene-based cycle power output has been found to vary between 4518 kW and 3346 kW in the ambient air temperature range considered.

A New Concept of Impingement Cooling for Gas Turbine Hot Parts and Its Influence on Plant Performance

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Facchini ◽  
M. Surace ◽  
S. Zecchi
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Impinging Jets ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Impingement Cooling

Significant improvements in gas turbine cooling technology are becoming harder as progress goes over and over. Several impingement cooling solutions have been extensively studied in past literature. An accurate and extensive numerical 1D simulation on a new concept of sequential impingement was performed, showing good results. Instead of having a single impingement plate, we used several perforated plates, connecting the inlet of each one with the outlet of the previous one. Main advantages are: absence of the negative interaction between transverse flow and last rows impinging jets (reduced deflection); better distribution of pressure losses and heat transfer coefficients among the different plates, especially when pressure drops are significant and available coolant mass flow rate is low (lean premixed combustion chamber and LP turbine stages). Practical applications can have a positive influence on both cooled nozzles and combustion chambers, in terms of increased cooling efficiency and coolant mass flow rate reduction. Calculated effects are used to analyze main influences of such a cooling system on global performances of power plants.

First and second thermodynamic law analyses applied to a solar dish collector

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Madadi ◽  
Touraj Tavakoli ◽  
Amir Rahimi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Exergy Efficiency ◽  
Exergy Destruction ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Energy And Exergy ◽  
Mass Flow Rates

AbstractThe energy and exergy performance of a parabolic dish collector is investigated experimentally and theoretically. The effect of receiver type, inlet temperature and mass flow rate of heat transfer fluid (HTF), receiver temperature, receiver aspect ratio and solar radiation are investigated. To evaluate the effect of the receiver aperture area on the system performance, three aperture diameters are considered. It is deduced that the fully opened receivers have the greatest exergy and thermal efficiency. The cylindrical receiver has greater energy and exergy efficiency than the conical one due to less exergy destruction. It is found that the highest exergy destruction is due to heat transfer between the sun and the receivers and counts for 35 % to 60 % of the total wasted exergy. For three selected receiver aperture diameters, the exergy efficiency is minimum for a specified HTF mass flow rate. High solar radiation allows the system to work at higher HTF inlet temperatures. To use this system in applications that need high temperatures, in cylindrical and conical receivers, the HTF mass flow rates lower than 0.05 and 0.09 kg/s are suggested, respectively. For applications that need higher amounts of energy content, higher HTF mass flow rates than the above mentioned values are recommended.

scholarly journals Off-Design Modelling of ORC Turbines for Geothermal Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 312 ◽  
pp. 11015
Author(s):  
Pietro Ungar ◽  
Zekeriya Özcan ◽  
Giampaolo Manfrida ◽  
Özgür Ekici ◽  
Lorenzo Talluri
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Physical Constraints ◽  
Different Seasons

In this study, turbine modelling of a geothermal sourced organic Rankine cycle (ORC) power plant is aimed. Thermodynamic model of the plant is constructed with the help of design and off-design plant data from an existing two-cycle power plant in southwestern Anatolia. Utilizing statistical analysis tools such as maximum likelihood estimation and probability distribution, plant variables are obtained within their standard deviations. Stodola curves and probability calculations demonstrate that both turbines are most likely to have two stages. Average losses are 2.3 MW and 1.2 MW from Turbine-I and Turbine-II respectively throughout the different seasons. After the determination of losses, overall turbine efficiencies demonstrate a reverse trend with increasing reduced mass flow rate. This may be associated with the increased choking of the turbine. Correlations estimate rather fixed efficiency values at off-design conditions (84% for Turbine-I and 77% for Turbine-II); that is an expected outcome since these correlations are influenced mainly by the design isentropic efficiency, which is a constant value. On the other hand, these correlations are most likely to be proposed for non-choking conditions which are invalid for off-design conditions of existing ORC turbines. Datapoint dispersion in Turbine-II does not demonstrate a strong correlation with physical constraints such as -pressure ratio and reduced mass flow rate- as it does for Turbine-I; this phenomenon may need further attention for future work.

Study on Velocity Variation of Primary Air in Power Plants

2013 ◽  
Vol 341-342 ◽  
pp. 1342-1345
Author(s):  
Xing Sen Yang ◽  
Jing Yin
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Pulverized Coal ◽  
Velocity Variation ◽  
Velocity Difference ◽  
Length Difference ◽  
Utility Boilers

Uniform velocity of primary air is very important in the operation of utility boilers. Regulation of the resistance of each pipe was done without pulverized coal to achieve equal flow velocity. The mass flow rate of pulverized coal and the length difference of pipes would lead to velocity variation of primary air. By the research of primary air flow and the regulation process, model of the velocity variation was built to calculate the velocity of each pipe and their difference. The arrangement of pipes and the operation parameters were taken into consideration. With the experimental data, calculation of velocity under different states was made. The velocity difference of different pipes was estimated. The length difference between pipes and the variation of the mass flow rate of pulverized coal play the most important role that affects the velocity of primary air.

Analysis of Off-Design Behavior of a Solar-Fossil Hybrid Combined Cycle Plant Using a Small Particle Heat Exchange Receiver (SPHER) With a Variable Guide Vane Gas Turbine

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Miguel Virgen ◽  
Fletcher Miller
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Small Particle ◽  
Guide Vane ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Inlet Temperature

Two significant goals in solar plant operation are lower cost and higher efficiencies. This is both for general competitiveness of solar technology in the energy industry, and also to meet the US DOE Sunshot Initiative Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) cost goals [1]. We present here an investigation on the effects of adding a bottoming steam power cycle to a solar-fossil hybrid CSP plant based on a Small Particle Heat Exchange Receiver (SPHER) driving a gas turbine as the primary cycle. Due to the high operating temperature of the SPHER being considered (over 1000 Celsius), the exhaust air from the primary Brayton cycle still contains a tremendous amount of exergy. This exergy of the gas flow can be captured in a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG), to generate superheated steam and run a bottoming Rankine cycle, in a combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) system. A wide range of cases were run to explore options for maximizing both power and efficiency from the proposed CSP CCGT plant. Due to the generalized nature of the bottoming cycle modeling, and the varying nature of solar power, special consideration had to be given to the behavior of the heat exchanger and Rankine cycle in off-design scenarios. Variable guide vanes (VGVs), which can control the mass flow rate through the gas turbine system, have been found to be an effective tool in providing operational flexibility to address the variable nature of solar input. The effect VGVs and the operating range associated with them are presented. Strategies for meeting a minimum solar share are also explored. Trends with respect to the change in variable guide vane angle are discussed, as well as the response of the HRSG and bottoming Rankine cycle in response to changes in the gas mass flow rate and temperature. System efficiencies in the range of 50% were found to result from this plant configuration. However, a combustor inlet temperature (CIT) limit lower than a turbine inlet temperature (TIT) limit leads two distinct Modes of operation, with a sharp drop in both plant efficiency and power occurring when the air flow through the receiver exceeded the (CIT) limit, and as a result would have to bypass the combustor entirely and enter the turbine at a significantly lower temperature than nominal. Until that limit is completely eliminated through material or design improvements, this drawback can be addressed through strategic use of the variable guide vanes. Optimal operational strategy is ultimately decided by economics, plant objectives, or other market incentives.

scholarly journals Estimate Mass Flow Rate of Dense Phased Powder Solids

2020 ◽  
Vol 191 ◽  
pp. 04005
Author(s):  
Usama Abrar ◽  
Liu Shi ◽  
Nasif Raza Jaffri ◽  
Yi Kang ◽  
Muhammad Nawaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Measurement ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Solid Flow ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

The complex multiphase gas-solid flow has always been a point of attraction for researchers over the past decade to explore the sensing techniques to sense and measure the mass flow. Weather dilute or dense phase flow, the gas-solid flow measurement generally requires velocity profile and volumetric concentration measurement to find the mass flow rate. The nature of the solids, the environmental factors-specially moisture adversely affects the sensor readings-specifically when it is non-invasive capacitive sensors. Gas-solid flow finds its applications in power plants, food, chemical, automobile, and pharmaceutical industries. This paper aims to explore the evolution of a novel approach of using load cell in conjunction with capacitive electrodes for calculating the mass flow rate of the solids.

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