Using Numerical Simulation Tools to Assist the Development of a High Stability Low NOx Industrial Burner

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ainan Bao ◽  
Dexin Wang ◽  
William Liss
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Premixed Combustion ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Combustion Stability ◽  
Simulation Tool ◽  
Burner Design ◽  
Thermal Nox ◽  
Low Nox Emission

To achieve ultra low NOx emission as well as high efficiency for industrial burners, premixed or partial premixed combustion technology is becoming more attractive than flue gas recirculation approaches, which tend to cause low combustion stability and low energy use efficiency. A well designed premixed combustion system can achieve lower and more uniform combustion zone temperatures thus resulting in reduced thermal NOx generation. A multi-stage premixed industrial scale gas burner with oil backup capability has been developed by the authors, with the assistance from CFD simulation. By using staged combustion, combustion heat release is better distributed into a larger volume to avoid high peak flame temperature zone to occur. By using a primary stage combustion with a fuel rich flame and a hot high emissive metallic chamber wall, the burner combustion stability is ensured. The CFD tool was used to simulate and optimize the whole burner combustion and heat transfer process, with proper fluid dynamics and reaction models for this full size burner development. With the CFD efforts, the final burner design can achieve a very uniform temperature field, with peak flame temperatures below 1650°C, therefore thermal NOx generation is minimized. The numerical results show that this new gas-fired burner can achieve high efficiency with low NOx emission. Using the CFD simulation tool, the burner global parameters, such as its peak flame temperatures, its exhaust flue gas temperatures, and its NOx concentration distributions, have been studied under different burner operation conditions, e.g., different excess air levels, different burner firing rates, and different mixture inlet temperatures. The CFD simulation tool has been proved a good assistance for the burner design, as well as the burner performance optimization.

NIIGATA Ultra Lean Burn SI Gas Engines -Achieving High Efficiency and Low NOx Emission-

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Goto ◽  
Yasuhiro Itoh ◽  
Yutaka Higuchi ◽  
Tateo Nagai
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Low Nox Emission

Development of Low NOx Combustion Technology in Medium-Btu Fueled 1300 °C-Class Gas Turbine Combustor in IGCC

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeharu Hasegawa ◽  
Tohru Hisamatsu ◽  
Yasunari Katsuki ◽  
Mikio Sato ◽  
Hiromi Koizumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Nitrogen Injection ◽  
Coal Gasifier ◽  
Coal Fuel ◽  
Thermal Nox ◽  
Low Nox Emission

The development of integrated coal gasification combined cycle (IGCC) systems ensures higher thermal efficiency and environmentally sound options for supplying future coal utilizing power generation needs. The Japanese government and electric power industries in Japan promoted research and development of an IGCC system using an air-blown entrained-flow coal gasifier. On the other hand, Europe and the United States are now developing the oxygen-blown IGCC demonstration plants. Gasified coal fuel produced in an oxygen-blown entrained-flow coal gasifier, has a calorific value of 8–13MJ/m3 which is only 1/5–1/3 that of natural gas. However, the flame temperature of medium-Btu gasified coal fuel is higher than that of natural gas and so NOx production from nitrogen fixation is expected to increase significantly. In the oxygen-blown IGCC, a surplus nitrogen produced in the air-separation unit (ASU) is premixed with gasified coal fuel (medium-Btu fuel) and injected into the combustor, to reduce thermal-NOx production and to recover the power used for the ASU. In this case, the power to compress nitrogen increases. Low NOx emission technology which is capable of decreasing the power to compress nitrogen is a significant advance in gas turbine development with an oxygen-blown IGCC system. Analyses confirmed that the thermal efficiency of the plant improved by approximately 0.3 percent (absolute) by means of nitrogen direct injection into the combustor, compared with a case where nitrogen is premixed with gasified coal fuel before injection into the combustor. In this study, based on the fundamental test results using a small diffusion burner and a model combustor, we designed the combustor in which the nitrogen injection nozzles arranged on the burner were combined with the lean combustion technique for low-NOx emission. In this way, we could reduce the high temperature region, where originated the thermal-NOx production, near the burner positively. And then, a combustor with a swirling nitrogen injection function used for a gas turbine, was designed and constructed, and its performance was evaluated under pressurized conditions of actual operations using a simulated gasified coal fuel. From the combustion test results, the thermal-NOx emission decreased under 11ppm (corrected at 16% O2), combustion efficiency was higher than 99.9% at any gas turbine load. Moreover, there was different effects of pressure on thermal-NOx emission in medium-Btu fuel fired combustor from the case of natural gas fired combustor.

CFD Simulation of the Sidewall Fired Tubular Reforming Furnace

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Nielsen ◽  
Lars J. Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Boundary Condition ◽  
Temperature Field ◽  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Temperature Profile ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Process Model ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Cfd Simulation

This paper describes simulations of Haldor Topsoe designed reforming furnaces. These furnaces are fired by a matrix of burners on the two sidewalls. The burners provide the heat needed for the reactions taking place inside vertical catalyst-filled tubes. The main objective is to get a better understanding of the flow and temperature field on the flue gas side, thus making it possible to enhance the design of high efficiency reformers. The simulations on the furnace side include models for combustion and thermal radiation. A separate CFD simulation is performed on the process side. An appropriate method has been introduced for the coupling of the furnace model with the process model thus eliminating the need for using an assumed temperature profile as boundary condition on the outer tube walls. The computational model has been verified by performing simulations on a pilot reformer. The numerical results agree well with the experimental data.

CFD Simulation of a Hydrogen Reformer Furnace

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dezhi Zheng ◽  
Bin Wu ◽  
Jeff Fleitz ◽  
Robert Trajkovski ◽  
Chenn Q. Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Premature Aging ◽  
Premixed Combustion ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Design Requirement ◽  
Chemical Systems

A hydrogen reformer furnace is a combustion chamber which is used to supply heat for the catalytic process that converts natural gas into hydrogen. The reforming reaction that happens inside the catalyst tubes is endothermic, requiring high levels of heat input. The combustion process in the hydrogen reformer furnace provides the heat to maintain the chemical reaction inside the catalyst tubes. Temperature control of the catalyst tubes is a fundamental design requirement of the hydrogen reformer furnace, as the temperature should be maintained in the range which could maximize catalyst reactivity while minimizing any damage to the catalyst pipes. As the furnace has two complicated chemical systems, the heat effect inside the tubes has been simplified by estimating the heat flux based on industry operation. Utilizing the multiphase and non-premixed combustion model using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamic), the temperature and velocity distribution in the hydrogen reformer furnace have been investigated. Results show that parts of the catalyst tubes are overheated causing hot spots which could lead to premature aging of the pipes. Both the location of burners and maldistribution of the hot flue gas have a great impact on this issue.

Environmental Protection and Fuel Consumption Reduction by Flameless Combustion Technology: A Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 388 ◽  
pp. 292-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Ehsan Hosseini ◽  
Mazlan A. Wahid ◽  
Saber Salehirad
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Flameless Combustion ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
Oil Crisis ◽  
Low Nox Emission

In recent years global fuel consumption has increased in the world due to modernization and progress in the standard of living. The conspicuous rate of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide released to the environment and fuel resources are depleted day by day due to inconsiderate fuel consumption. Requirement for efficient use of any kinds of fuel has become the other concern due to the oil crisis and limitation of fuel resources. In combustion process, the abatement of pollutants often associates with efficiency loss. In the other word, high efficiency and low pollutant which are the main requirements of combustion are not fulfilled by the existing combustion. Today, flameless combustion has received more attention because of its low NOx emission and significant energy saving. Generally, compatibility between high performance and low NOx emission has been observed by preheated air application and changing the combustion characteristics from traditional flame to flameless mode. This paper aims to review the concepts and the applications of flameless combustion and gathers useful information to understand the necessity of transient from traditional flame mode to flameless combustion.

Experimental study of flue gas condensing heat recovery synergized with low NOx emission system

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohu Yang ◽  
Qunli Zhang ◽  
Yu Niu ◽  
Donghan Sun ◽  
Xin Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Emission System ◽  
Low Nox Emission

Experimental study of flue gas condensing heat recovery synergized with low NOx emission system

2020 ◽  
Vol 269 ◽  
pp. 115091
Author(s):  
Qunli Zhang ◽  
Yu Niu ◽  
Xiaohu Yang ◽  
Donghan Sun ◽  
Xin Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Emission System ◽  
Low Nox Emission

Development of Low NOx Combustion Technology in Medium-Btu Fueled 1300°C-Class Gas Turbine Combustor in an Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle

2002 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hasegawa ◽  
T. Hisamatsu ◽  
Y. Katsuki ◽  
M. Sato ◽  
H. Koizumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Nitrogen Injection ◽  
Coal Gasifier ◽  
Coal Fuel ◽  
Thermal Nox ◽  
Low Nox Emission

The development of integrated coal gasification combined cycle (IGCC) systems ensures higher thermal efficiency and environmentally sound options for supplying future coal utilizing power generation needs. The Japanese government and electric power industries in Japan promoted research and development of an IGCC system using an air-blown entrained-flow coal gasifier. On the other hand, Europe and the United States are now developing the oxygen-blown IGCC demonstration plants. Gasified coal fuel produced in an oxygen-blown entrained-flow coal gasifier, has a calorific value of 8–13 MJ/m3 which is only 1/5–1/3 that of natural gas. However, the flame temperature of medium-Btu gasified coal fuel is higher than that of natural gas and so NOx production from nitrogen fixation is expected to increase significantly. In the oxygen-blown IGCC, a surplus nitrogen produced in the air-separation unit (ASU) is premixed with gasified coal fuel (medium-Btu fuel) and injected into the combustor, to reduce thermal-NOx production and to recover the power used for the ASU. In this case, the power to compress nitrogen increases. Low NOx emission technology which is capable of decreasing the power to compress nitrogen is a significant advance in gas turbine development with an oxygen-blown IGCC system. Analyses confirmed that the thermal efficiency of the plant improved by approximately 0.3% (absolute) by means of nitrogen direct injection into the combustor, compared with a case where nitrogen is premixed with gasified coal fuel before injection into the combustor. In this study, based on the fundamental test results using a small diffusion burner and a model combustor, we designed the combustor in which the nitrogen injection nozzles arranged on the burner were combined with the lean combustion technique for low-NOx emission. In this way, we could reduce the high-temperature region, where originated the thermal-NOx production, near the burner positively. And then, a combustor with a swirling nitrogen injection function used for a gas turbine, was designed and constructed, and its performance was evaluated under pressurized conditions of actual operations using a simulated gasified coal fuel. From the combustion test results, the thermal-NOx emission decreased under 11 ppm (corrected at 16% O2 ), combustion efficiency was higher than 99.9% at any gas turbine load. Moreover, there was different effects of pressure on thermal-NOx emission in medium-Btu fuel fired combustor from the case of a natural gas fired combustor.

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