Development of a Two-Dimensional Model of the Human Arm to Investigate the Biomimetic Substitution of Human Bicep Muscle With a Dielectric Electroactive Polymer Muscle Actuator

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Spath ◽  
Wayne W. Walter
Keyword(s):  
Large Strain ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Artificial Muscle ◽  
Electroactive Polymers ◽  
Human Muscle ◽  
Orthopedic Surgeons ◽  
Human Arm ◽  
Direct Substitution ◽  
Types Of Muscle Fibers ◽  
Current Characteristics

Current prostheses are not able to meet the needs of patients. The authors have recently been investigating the feasibility of integrating multiple types of electroactive polymers (EAP) to develop an artificial muscle for prostheses and muscle implants; much like biological muscle is made up of multiple types of muscle fibers. The intent is to produce a lightweight device which has smooth fluid-like motion, in contrast to the jerky motion of current prostheses which use heavy rotary actuators. A human arm model, isolating the bicep muscle, was developed to better understand the requirements on force and strain that an artificial muscle must meet to replace biological muscle. This study was conducted with the assistance of orthopedic surgeons from the Rochester General Hospital. Bicep muscle characteristics were compared with those of dielectric elastomer electroactive polymers (DEAP), since they produce relatively high force and large strain during actuation. Results show that current characteristics of DEAPs will not allow for direct substitution of human muscle fibers with EAPs because their force and strain outputs are too low. To increase the force and strain output of DEAPs to that of human muscle fibers, the stiffness of the DEAP needs to be increased. The analysis done and results obtained are discussed in the paper, as well as possible ways to increase the stiffness of EAPs to better meet the requirements for biological muscle replacement.

A Closer Look at the Polyacrylamide Fibers for Natural-Like Artificial Muscle Fabrication

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Bassil ◽  
Joel Davenas ◽  
M. El Tahchi
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Artificial Muscle ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Human Muscle ◽  
Electrical Activation ◽  
Actuation Mechanism ◽  
Small Scales ◽  
Long Time

Polyacrylamide (PAAM) gels suits better the artificial muscle fabrication despite their response time which stays low compared to natural human muscle. This main problem is due to their bulky form where the ions exchange takes a long time compared to the microsecond scale in human muscle. Thus a successful artificial muscle will need to replicate the small scales of the muscle fibers that can achieve fast response. In this study we develop a technique for PAAM gel fibers fabrication with micrometric diameter, 1D structure, aiming to convert isotropic swelling into a directional one and we propose an electrical activation mode for a linear actuation mechanism.

scholarly journals Enzyme patterns in single human muscle fibers.

1978 ◽  
Vol 253 (22) ◽  
pp. 8269-8277
Author(s):  
C.V. Lowry ◽  
J.S. Kimmey ◽  
S. Felder ◽  
M.M. Chi ◽  
K.K. Kaiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Human Muscle ◽  
Enzyme Patterns

scholarly journals Glycogenin is Dispensable for Glycogen Synthesis in Human Muscle, and Glycogenin Deficiency Causes Polyglucosan Storage

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 557-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kittichate Visuttijai ◽  
Carola Hedberg-Oldfors ◽  
Christer Thomsen ◽  
Emma Glamuzina ◽  
Cornelia Kornblum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Human Muscle ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Fibers ◽  
Glycogen Biosynthesis

Abstract Context Glycogenin is considered to be an essential primer for glycogen biosynthesis. Nevertheless, patients with glycogenin-1 deficiency due to biallelic GYG1 (NM_004130.3) mutations can store glycogen in muscle. Glycogenin-2 has been suggested as an alternative primer for glycogen synthesis in patients with glycogenin-1 deficiency. Objective The objective of this article is to investigate the importance of glycogenin-1 and glycogenin-2 for glycogen synthesis in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Design, Setting, and Patients Glycogenin-1 and glycogenin-2 expression was analyzed by Western blot, mass spectrometry, and immunohistochemistry in liver, heart, and skeletal muscle from controls and in skeletal and cardiac muscle from patients with glycogenin-1 deficiency. Results Glycogenin-1 and glycogenin-2 both were found to be expressed in the liver, but only glycogenin-1 was identified in heart and skeletal muscle from controls. In patients with truncating GYG1 mutations, neither glycogenin-1 nor glycogenin-2 was expressed in skeletal muscle. However, nonfunctional glycogenin-1 but not glycogenin-2 was identified in cardiac muscle from patients with cardiomyopathy due to GYG1 missense mutations. By immunohistochemistry, the mutated glycogenin-1 colocalized with the storage of glycogen and polyglucosan in cardiomyocytes. Conclusions Glycogen can be synthesized in the absence of glycogenin, and glycogenin-1 deficiency is not compensated for by upregulation of functional glycogenin-2. Absence of glycogenin-1 leads to the focal accumulation of glycogen and polyglucosan in skeletal muscle fibers. Expression of mutated glycogenin-1 in the heart is deleterious, and it leads to storage of abnormal glycogen and cardiomyopathy.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SPACEFLIGHT ON PEAK FORCE AND MAXIMAL SHORTENING VELOCITY OF HUMAN MUSCLE FIBERS 1084

1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 190 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Widrick ◽  
J. G. Romatowski ◽  
K. M. Norenberg ◽  
G. Gettleman ◽  
S. W. Trappe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Human Muscle ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Shortening Velocity

Complex Evaluation of Velocity, Force, and Accuracy Characteristics of the Movements of Upper Extremities in Young Athletes

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Jaščaninas ◽  
B. Gutnik ◽  
A. Skurvydas ◽  
A. Stasiulis
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Upper Extremities ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Complex Evaluation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Types Of Muscle Fibers ◽  
Left And Right

8 measures recorded during alternate tapping of two targets by left and right hands for 15 boys, 13 or 14 yr. old, were made during 4 30-sec. trials using a force averaging 450 gm. Mechanical and electrical activity (EMG from m. biceps brachii) of both hands suggested asymmetric characteristics of the two hands and the likely involvement of different types of muscle fibers or asymmetry of the CNS.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document