Progression Over the Years: The EcoEagles Student-Designed Biodiesel Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Carter ◽  
Jenna Beckwith ◽  
Marc Compere ◽  
Darris White ◽  
Brandon Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Vehicle Development ◽  
Technical Specifications ◽  
Hybrid Electric

The Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (ERAU) EcoEagles are participating in the EcoCar: The NeXt Challenge competition. The competition is a three-year collegiate event where 16 teams from North America compete to build a more efficient and better performing GM production vehicle. The three year collegiate competition is sponsored by the Department of Energy (DOE), General Motors (GM), and Argonne National Labs (ANL). The advanced vehicle technology competition has a history, and has been organized and ran for the past 20 years. The competition challenges collegiate minds to reduce the environmental impact of a Chevrolet EcoCAR by minimizing fuel consumption and reducing emissions while retaining the vehicle’s performance, safety, and consumer appeal. The main focus of the competition is to use real world vehicle development strategies and processes that would meet GM’s standard practices and safety protocols. All of the sponsors of the competition provide teams with engineering tools, equipment needed to create a realistic vehicle, and project design support to the teams throughout the competition. The ERAU team, the EcoEagles, has successfully devised a Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) propulsion system that meets those requirements. The electrification of the powertrain and the use of biodiesel fuel are central themes in the EcoEagles’ strategy for improving fuel economy and tailpipe emissions. The team selected an electric range of approximately 25 miles based on the average commuter driving less than 33 miles per day [1]; meaning that most of the vehicle operation will be conducted using either fully electric or electric-assisted propulsion. The vehicle design consideration was accomplished by implementing a 1.3L GM Turbo Diesel coupled with a 2-Mode electrically variable transmission (EVT) and an A123 Lithium-Ion Iron-Phosphate 330V 12.8kWhr battery pack. The EcoEagles design will reduce petroleum energy consumption by 78%, improve fuel economy by 66%, and reduce well-to-wheel greenhouse gas (WTWGHG) emissions by 30%. The paper will focus on the 99% production readiness. The paper will also discuss and include vehicle test data supporting the energy efficiency, emissions, and performance / utility capabilities of the vehicle as determined by the first two years of vehicle development. The vehicle architecture and background information will also be presented to help the reader understand why the given architecture was chosen and how it might compare to the Chevrolet EcoCAR. Performance predictions made from simulations will be contrasted against those from the Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) development. Finally, on-road testing will also be compared with the same predictions with the goal of showing why the model-based, HIL enhanced, and vehicle technical specifications (VTS) did or did not agree.

Control System Design and Optimization Using LabVIEW for a Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicle as Part of EcoCar: The NeXt Competition

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Harries ◽  
Brandon Smith ◽  
Sean Carter ◽  
Darris White ◽  
Marc Compere
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Control Module ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Hybrid Electric

Embry Riddle Aeronautical University is part of EcoCar: The NeXt Challenge, an advanced vehicle competition run by Argonne National Labs and sponsored by General Motors and the Department of Energy. The competition tasks 16 schools around the country with designing and implementing the most efficient vehicle architecture. As part of the EcoCar Challenge, Embry Riddle Aeronautical University is working on developing a controls strategy for a Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicle. The control system is designed to optimize efficiency and consumer acceptability by allowing the EcoEagles to control each of the cars sub-systems. Control is done using CAN bus communication that utilizes National Instruments (NI) single board reconfigurable input / output (sbRIO) real time hardware. The EcoEagles powertrain architecture includes GM’s two-mode hybrid electric transmission which contains two 55kW electric motors, a 1.3 liter turbo diesel engine running on B20 biodiesel, and a 12.8 kWh lithium-ion battery pack produced by A123 Systems. Each component has a control module that interfaces directly with the subsystems and hardware on the vehicle. These controllers are: the Traction Power Inverter Module (TPIM), the Engine Control Module (ECM), and the Battery Pack Control Module (BPCM). Vehicle control and communication between these modules is managed by the EcoEagles, two controllers called the Supervisory Control Unit (SCU) and the Gateway (GW). The purpose of the gateway is to control the flow of CAN communication between modules and to isolate the ECM and BPCM from the vehicle to avoid data interference. Communication is done on two separate CAN buses, the Power Train Expansion Bus (PTEB), and the High Speed Bus (HS). The controls diagram can be seen in Figure 1. The paper will go into detail on shift strategy and engine operation where optimization was used to maintain efficient operation of the engine. The paper will also describe the control strategy that was developed using coupled LabVIEW Statecharts [1] with CAN messaging inputs from all of the control modules in order to maintain safe efficient operation.

Match and Optimization of Series Hybrid Bus Powertrain Parameters

2011 ◽  
Vol 121-126 ◽  
pp. 2710-2714
Author(s):  
Ling Cai ◽  
Xin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Simulation Platform ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Orthogonal Method ◽  
Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Hybrid Bus ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Hybrid Electric

With the requirements for reducing emissions and improving fuel economy, it has been recognized that the electric, hybrid electric powered drive train technologies are the most promising solution to the problem of land transportation in the future. In this paper, the parameters of series hybrid electric vehicle (SHEV), including engine-motor, battery and transmission, are calculated and matched. Advisor software is chosen as the simulation platform, and the major four parameters are optimized in orthogonal method. The results show that the optimal method and the parameters can improve the fuel economy greatly.

An adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy considering catalyst temperature for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110434
Author(s):  
Tao Deng ◽  
Ke Zhao ◽  
Haoyuan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Catalyst Temperature ◽  
Equivalent Factor ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy

In the process of sufficiently considering fuel economy of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), the working time of engine will be reduced accordingly. The increased frequency that the three-way catalytic converter (TWCC) works in abnormal operating temperature will lead to the increasing of emissions. This paper proposes the equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) to ensure the catalyst temperature of PHEV can work in highly efficient areas, and the influence of catalyst temperature on fuel economy and emissions is considered. The simulation results show that the fixed equivalent factor of ECMS has great limitations for the underutilized battery power and the poor fuel economy. In order to further reduce fuel consumption and keep the emission unchanged, an equivalent factor map based on initial state of charge (SOC) and vehicle mileage is established by the genetic algorithm. Furthermore, an Adaptive changing equivalent factor is achieved by using the following strategy of SOC trajectory. Ultimately, adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (A-ECMS) considering catalyst temperature is proposed. The simulation results show that compared with ordinary ECMS, HC, CO, and NOX are reduced by 14.6%, 20.3%, and 25.8%, respectively, which effectively reduces emissions. But the fuel consumption is increased by only 2.3%. To show that the proposed method can be used in actual driving conditions, it is tested on the World Light Vehicle Test Procedure (WLTC).

scholarly journals Reducing Mobile Air Conditioner (MAC) Power Consumption Using Active Cabin-Air-Recirculation in A Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengguo Li ◽  
Eli Brewer ◽  
Liem Pham ◽  
Heejung Jung
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
Cabin Air Quality

Air conditioner power consumption accounts for a large fraction of the total power used by hybrid and electric vehicles. This study examined the effects of three different cabin air ventilation settings on mobile air conditioner (MAC) power consumption, such as fresh mode with air conditioner on (ACF), fresh mode with air conditioner off (ACO), and air recirculation mode with air conditioner on (ACR). Tests were carried out for both indoor chassis dynamometer and on-road tests using a 2012 Toyota Prius plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. Real-time power consumption and fuel economy were calculated from On-Board Diagnostic-II (OBD-II) data and compared with results from the carbon balance method. MAC consumed 28.4% of the total vehicle power in ACR mode when tested with the Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (SFTP) SC03 driving cycle on the dynamometer, which was 6.1% less than in ACF mode. On the other hand, ACR and ACF mode did not show significant differences for the less aggressive on-road tests. This is likely due to the significantly lower driving loads experienced in the local driving route compared to the SC03 driving cycle. On-road and SC03 test results suggested that more aggressive driving tends to magnify the effects of the vehicle HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) system settings. ACR conditions improved relative fuel economy (or vehicle energy efficiency) to that of ACO conditions by ~20% and ~8% compared to ACF conditions for SC03 and on-road tests, respectively. Furthermore, vehicle cabin air quality was measured and analyzed for the on-road tests. ACR conditions significantly reduced in-cabin particle concentrations, in terms of aerosol diffusion charger signal, by 92% compared to outside ambient conditions. These results indicate that cabin air recirculation is a promising method to improve vehicle fuel economy and improve cabin air quality.

scholarly journals Modeling and energy management strategy research of a power-split hybrid electric vehicle

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 168781402096262
Author(s):  
Yupeng Zou ◽  
Ruchen Huang ◽  
Xiangshu Wu ◽  
Baolong Zhang ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Power Split ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
The Impact

A power-split hybrid electric vehicle with a dual-planetary gearset is researched in this paper. Based on the lever analogy method of planetary gearsets, the power-split device is theoretically modeled, and the driveline simulation model is built by using vehicle modeling and simulation toolboxes in MATLAB. Six operation modes of the vehicle are discussed in detail, and the kinematic constraint behavior of power sources are analyzed. To verify the rationality of the modeling, a rule-based control strategy (RB) and an adaptive equivalent consumption minimization strategy (A-ECMS) are designed based on the finite state machine and MATLAB language respectively. In order to demonstrate the superiority of A-ECMS in fuel-saving and to explore the impact of different energy management strategies on emission, fuel economy and emission performance of the vehicle are simulated and analyzed under UDDS driving cycle. The simulation results of the two strategies are compared in the end, shows that the modeling is rational, and compared with RB strategy, A-ECMS ensures charge sustaining better, enables power sources to work in more efficient areas, and improves fuel economy by 8.65%, but significantly increases NOx emissions, which will be the focus of the next research work.

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