Influence of Pipe Roughness on the Performance of Ultrasonic Meters for Flow Rate Measurement

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alcir de Faro Orlando ◽  
Ana Luisa Ferreira ◽  
Jose´ Alberto Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Velocity Profiles ◽  
Rate Measurement ◽  
Flow Rate Measurement ◽  
Flow Meters ◽  
Field Distortion ◽  
Pipe Roughness

Ultrasonic flow meters have been recently used for flow rate measurement because they are a non-intrusive device and have the capability of making diagnostics of their performance and flow field distortion between two consecutive calibrations. The available completely developed flow velocity profiles in the literature is discussed in this paper and integrated along the meter ultrasonic path to simulate its performance. It was shown that for Reynolds number up to 1,000,000 and relatively roughness values smaller than ε = 0.00012 the flow is in the hydraulically smooth regime. Also, it was shown that the ratio between the area velocity and the average path velocity (kh) decreases close to centerline and increases close to the wall, when roughness increases.

Research on a novel flow rate inferential measurement method and its application in hydraulic elevators

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Xu ◽  
Pengpeng Dong ◽  
Junhui Zhang ◽  
Jinjin Yao
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Rate Measurement ◽  
Flow Rate Measurement ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Flow Meters ◽  
Inferential Measurement

Measuring and controlling the flow rate is a widely concerned problem in engineering fields. The direct flow rate measurement employing conventional flow meters and the indirect flow rate measurement using speed/position transducers or other particular techniques would result in inevitable pressure drop in hydraulic circuits, more energy consumption for pumping fluid, and higher cost of hydraulic systems. This paper presents a novel flow rate inferential measurement method and its application in hydraulic elevators. Mathematical modeling of the proposed method is deduced. The key component of the hydraulic elevator circuit, a two-stage proportional flow rate valve, is verified by experiments as one of the contributions of this paper. Based on the mathematical modeling and the valve validation test, the feasibility and validity of the proposed method are verified by the experiments performed on a test rig which is designed to imitate work situations of a hydraulic elevator. Moreover, sensitivity analyses of the proposed flow rate inferential measurement method are carried out to find the ways how to improve the accuracy of the proposed method. It is believed that this method can be applied in various engineering devices.

Development of Pulse Ultrasonic Doppler Method for Flow Rate Measurements of Power Plant: Characteristics of Sound Pressure Distributions and Evaluation of the Hybrid Ultrasonic Flowmetering System Using TOF and UDM

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshige Kikura ◽  
Yuto Inoue ◽  
Masanori Aritomi ◽  
Michitsugu Mori
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Profile ◽  
Ultrasonic Velocity ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Velocity Profiles ◽  
Instantaneous Velocity ◽  
Rate Measurement ◽  
Flow Rate Measurement ◽  
Doppler Method ◽  
Flow Metering

A multi-beam pulse ultrasonic Doppler method has been developed for a new type of flow metering system. This new system is a hybrid of the time-of-flight type ultrasonic flowmeter and the ultrasonic velocity profile type flowmeter, having the advantages of these two types. Our final purpose is to apply the hybrid ultrasonic flow metering system to an accurate flow rate measurement of feed- or recirculation- water in nuclear power plants. The pulse ultrasonic Doppler method (UDM) has the capability to obtain instantaneous velocity profiles along an ultrasonic beam. The principle of the UDM flowmeter, which is one of the ultrasonic velocity profile type flowmeters, is based on the integration of an instantaneous velocity profile over a pipe diameter. The multi-beam system is expected to eliminate installation problems such as those of entry length, and also to follow transient flow rate more precisely by increasing the number of ultrasonic transducers. However, it needs reflectors for receiving ultrasonic Doppler signals. On the other hand, the time-of-flight (TOF) ultrasonic flow metering system does not need any reflector, but it needs profile factors (PFs) which depend on velocity profiles. PF is one of the important experimental coefficients for the accurate flow rate measurement. Therefore PFs must be corrected according to the changes in flow conditions. In the present study, we investigated to what degree the hybrid ultrasonic flow metering system can adjust the profile factors of the time-of-flight ultrasonic flow meters by using the multi-beam pulse ultrasonic Doppler method in metallic wall piping.

scholarly journals NON-INTRUSIVE METHOD FOR MEASURING WATER FLOW RATE IN PIPE

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (27) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
K. A. R. MEDEIROS ◽  
C. R. H. BARBOSA ◽  
E. C. de OLIVEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Vibration Measurement ◽  
Rate Measurement ◽  
Flow Rate Measurement ◽  
Flow Meters ◽  
Flow Interruption ◽  
Method Of Measurement ◽  
Metrological Validation ◽  
Water Meters

The transducer most widely used for vibration measurement is the piezoelectric accelerometer. This application has been explored for flow rate measurement, since some studies have verified the narrow correlation between ratio of flow and vibration. The technique consists of measure the vibration induced by the flow in the pipeline, has been considered as promising, in the sense of enabling the development of a sensor that presents advantageous characteristics such as non-intrusiveness, non-invasiveness and reduced cost. This paper shows the method of measurement of flow in pipe based on vibration caused by transit of water, without the need of flow interruption or opening of pipe for installation of water meters. Further are present experimental measurements and metrological validation in laboratory accredited for calibration of flow meters.

A Comparison of the Multi-Venturi Meter to Other Low-Loss Fluid Meters

1973 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-146
Author(s):  
E. D. Klomp ◽  
G. Sovran
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Rate Measurement ◽  
Flow Rate Measurement ◽  
Low Loss ◽  
Flow Meters ◽  
General Mass ◽  
Unique Potential

A comparison of the multi-venturi type meter with other fluid meters has been made. A multi-venturi type meter is one having two or more venturis cascaded in such a manner that the discharge plane of smaller venturis is positioned in the throat of larger venturis. Although the concept of venturi cascading dates back to around 1880, its unique potential in general mass-flow-rate measurement applications has not been exploited. The primary advantages of the multi-venturi type meter are that it generates significantly less loss than conventional venturis, particularly at high signal magnifications, and has a much broader flow range. As a result of the latter characteristic, a single multi-venturi meter could be used to replace two or three conventional flow meters in some fluid-metering applications.

Computational Modeling of Flow Rate Measurements Using an Orifice Flow Meter

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
YiQin Xu ◽  
Daniel Coxe ◽  
Yulia Peet ◽  
Taewoo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Rate Measurement ◽  
Flow Rate Measurement ◽  
Flow Meters ◽  
Commercial Code ◽  
Orifice Flow ◽  
Orifice Flow Meter

This study is concerned with understanding and improvement of mass flow rate measurement uncertainty and errors encountered at low flow rates and start-up in commercially available flow rate measurement devices, such as orifice flow meters. The flow through a typical cylindrical flange-tapped orifice flow meter is modeled computationally so the actual mass flow rate is known a-priori. Empirical predictions from the reading of “virtual” pressure sensors are compared with the actual flow rate and the measurement errors are quantified and analyzed. Commercial code ANSYS-Fluent is compared in this study to the in-house high-fidelity spectral-element solver Nek5000, so that conclusions about the applicability of a commercial code to the calculations of measurement uncertainty in the orifice flow meters can be made.

scholarly journals Study on the Optimal Number of Transducers for Pipe Flow Rate Measurement Downstream of a Single Elbow Using the Ultrasonic Velocity Profile Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanehiro Wada ◽  
Kenichi Tezuka ◽  
Weerachon Treenuson ◽  
Nobuyushi Tsuzuki ◽  
Hiroshige Kikura
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Profile ◽  
Ultrasonic Velocity ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Velocity Profiles ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Wave Number ◽  
Pipe Diameter ◽  
Rate Measurement ◽  
Flow Rate Measurement

This paper presents a new estimation method to determine the optimal number of transducers using an Ultrasonic Velocity Profile (UVP) for accurate flow rate measurement downstream of a single elbow. Since UVP can measure velocity profiles over a pipe diameter and calculate the flow rate by integrating these velocity profiles, it is also expected to obtain an accurate flow rate using multiple transducers under nondeveloped flow conditions formed downstream of an elbow. The new estimation method employs a wave number of velocity profile fluctuations along a circle on a pipe cross-section using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The optimal number of transducers is estimated based on the sampling theorem. To evaluate this method, a preliminary experiment and numerical simulations using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) are conducted. The evaluating regions of velocity profiles are located at 3 times of a pipe diameter () for the experiment, and 1 and for the simulations downstream of an elbow, respectively. Reynolds numbers for the experiment and simulations are set at and , respectively. These results indicate the efficiency of this new method.

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