Optimal Design of Micro-Turbine Cogeneration Systems for the Portuguese Buildings Sector

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lui´s B. Martins ◽  
Ana C. M. Ferreira ◽  
Manuel L. Nunes ◽  
Celina P. Lea˜o ◽  
Senhorinha F. C. F. Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Cogeneration System

The use of combined heat and power (CHP) systems to produce both electric and thermal energies for medium-size buildings is on the increase, due to their high overall efficiency, high energy prices and political and social awareness. In this paper, an energy-economic study is presented. The main objective is to implement an analysis that will lead to the optimal design of a small cogeneration system, given the thermal power duration curve of a multi-family residential building. A methodology was developed to obtain this curve for a reference B-class building located in the North of Portugal. The CHP unit is based on a micro gas-turbine and includes an Internal Pre-Heater (IPH), typical of these types of small-scale units, and an external Water Heater (WH). A numerical optimization method was applied to solve the thermo-economic model. The mathematical model yields an objective function defined as the maximization of the annual worth of the cogeneration system. A purchase cost equation was used for each major plant component that takes into account size and performance variables. Seven decision variables were selected for the optimization algorithm, including performance of internal gas-turbine components and electrical and thermal powers. The results show that, the revenue from selling electricity to the grid and fuel costs have the greatest impact on the annual worth of the system. The optimal solution for the small CHP is sensitive to fuel price, electricity feed-in-tariff, capital cost and to the thermal load profile of the building. High European energy prices point towards future micro gas-turbines with better electrical efficiencies, achieved via a higher pressure-ratio compressor and turbine inlet temperature.

Three Spool High Efficiency Small Scale Gas Turbine Concept

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti Malkamäki ◽  
Ahti Jaatinen-Värri ◽  
Antti Uusitalo ◽  
Aki Grönman ◽  
Juha Honkatukia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Partial Load ◽  
Reciprocating Engines

Decentralized electricity and heat production is a rising trend in small-scale industry. There is a tendency towards more distributed power generation. The decentralized power generation is also pushed forward by the policymakers. Reciprocating engines and gas turbines have an essential role in the global decentralized energy markets and improvements in their electrical efficiency have a substantial impact from the environmental and economic viewpoints. This paper introduces an intercooled and recuperated three stage, three-shaft gas turbine concept in 850 kW electric output range. The gas turbine is optimized for a realistic combination of the turbomachinery efficiencies, the turbine inlet temperature, the compressor specific speeds, the recuperation rate and the pressure ratio. The new gas turbine design is a natural development of the earlier two-spool gas turbine construction and it competes with the efficiencies achieved both with similar size reciprocating engines and large industrial gas turbines used in heat and power generation all over the world and manufactured in large production series. This paper presents a small-scale gas turbine process, which has a simulated electrical efficiency of 48% as well as thermal efficiency of 51% and can compete with reciprocating engines in terms of electrical efficiency at nominal and partial load conditions.

Development of the Hybrid Gas Turbine: 1st Year Summary — Research and Development on Practical Industrial Cogeneration Technology in Japan

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryozo Tanaka ◽  
Testuo Tastumi ◽  
Yoshihiro Ichikawa ◽  
Koji Sanbonsugi
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Generation Technology

Based on the successful results of the Japanese national project for 300 kW ceramic gas turbine(CGT302) development (this project was finished in March 1999), the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) started “Research and Development on Practical Industrial Co-generation Technology” project in August 1999. The objective of this project is to encourage prompt industrial applications of co-generation technology that employs hybrid gas turbines (HGT; using both metal and ceramic parts in its high-temperature section) by confirming its soundness and reliability. The development activities are performed through material evaluation tests and long-term operation tests for the HGT of the medium size (8,000-kW class). It is expected that the development can realize low pollution and reducing the emission of CO2 with highly efficient use of energy. The HGT will be developed by applying ceramic components to an existing commercial 7,000-kW class gas turbine. The development targets are thermal efficiency of 34% or higher, output of 8,000-kW class, inlet temperature of 1250deg-C, and 4,000hrs of operation period for confirmation of reliability. The HGT for long-term evaluation tests and the test plant are under development. This paper gives the summary of last year’s developments in the HGT project.

scholarly journals AMBIENT TEMPERATURE IMPACT ON MICRO GAS TURBINES: EXPERIMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 78-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iacopo Rossi ◽  
Alberto Traverso
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine

In the panorama of gas turbines for energy production, a great relevance is given to performance impact of the ambient conditions. Under the influence of ambient temperature, humidity and other factors, the engine performance is subject to consistent variations. This is true for large power plants as well as small engines. In Combined Cycle configuration, variation in performance are mitigated by the HRSG and the bottoming steam cycle. In a small scale system, such as a micro gas turbine, the influence on the electric and thermal power productions is strong as well, and is not mitigated by a bottoming cycle. This work focuses on the Turbec T100 micro gas turbine and its performance through a series of operations with different ambient temperatures. The goal is to characterize the engine performance deriving simple correlations for the influence of ambient temperature on performance, at different electrical loads. The newly obtained experimental data are compared with previous performance curves on a modified machine, to capture the differences due to hardware degradation in time. An active management of the compressor inlet temperature may be developed in the future, basing on the analysis reported here.

Hybrid Catalytic Combustion for Stationary Gas Turbine: Concept and Small Scale Test Results

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomiaki Furuya ◽  
Terunobu Hayata ◽  
Susumu Yamanaka ◽  
Junji Koezuka ◽  
Toshiyuki Yoshine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Catalytic Combustion ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
Near Future

Catalytic combustion for gas turbine applications has been investigated. Its significant advantages in reducing combustor emissions, particularly nitrogen oxides (NOx), have been shown. One of the main problems in regard to developing a catalytic combustor is the durability of catalysts, because the catalysts deteriorate during high temperature operation, which is normal for current gas turbines and near future gas turbines. The hybrid catalytic combustion concept has advantages concerned with catalyst durability. This paper shows its concept and small scale test results. This hybrid catalytic combustion concept comprises the following steps; premix fuel and air for a catalyst-packed zone; operate catalysts at rather low temperatures, to prolong catalyst life; add fresh fuel into the stream at the catalyst-packed zone outlet, where gas phase combustion occurs completely without a catalyst; add dilution air into the stream at the gas phase combustion zone outlet with a by-pass valve. Experimental data and analyses indicated that this hybrid catalytic combustion has a potential of being applicable to current gas turbines (turbine inlet temperature is about 1100°C) and near future gas turbines (turbine inlet temperature is about 1300°C).

Design and Testing of a Micromix Combustor With Recuperative Wall Cooling for a Hydrogen Fuelled μ-Scale Gas Turbine

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Robinson ◽  
H. H.-W. Funke ◽  
P. Hendrick ◽  
R. Wagemakers
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Micro Scale

For more than a decade up to now there is an ongoing interest in small gas turbines downsized to micro-scale. With their high energy density they offer a great potential as a substitute for today’s unwieldy accumulators, found in a variety of applications like laptops, small tools etc. But micro-scale gas turbines could not only be used for generating electricity, they could also produce thrust for powering small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or similar devices. Beneath all the great design challenges with the rotating parts of the turbomachinery at this small scale, another crucial item is in fact the combustion chamber needed for a safe and reliable operation. With the so called regular micromix burning principle for hydrogen successfully downscaled in an initial combustion chamber prototype of 10 kW energy output, this paper describes a new design attempt aimed at the integration possibilities in a μ-scale gas turbine. For manufacturing the combustion chamber completely out of stainless steel components, a recuperative wall cooling was introduced to keep the temperatures in an acceptable range. Also a new way of an integrated ignition was developed. The detailed description of the prototype’s design is followed by an in depth report about the test results. The experimental investigations comprise a set of mass flow variations, coupled with a variation of the equivalence ratio for each mass flow at different inlet temperatures and pressures. With the data obtained by an exhaust gas analysis, a full characterisation concerning combustion efficiency and stability of the prototype chamber is possible. Furthermore the data show a full compliance with the expected operating requirements of the designated μ-scale gas turbine.

Power Output Increase due to Decreasing Gas Turbine Inlet Temperature by Mist Atomization

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukiko Agata ◽  
Shinichi Akabayashi ◽  
Shinya Ishikawa ◽  
Yuji Matsumura
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Flow Path ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Turbine Inlet

Decreases in inlet mass flow due to rises in ambient temperature during the summer lead to a decrease in the power output of gas turbines. In order to recover lost output, this study employed a mist atomization system using efficient spray nozzles, developed mainly as a technology for urban heat-island mitigation, installing the system in an inlet air flow path of a gas turbine at Higashi-Niigata thermal power station No.4 train, a commercial plant. The nozzles can efficiently decrease inlet air temperature of gas turbines because of their minute atomized mist size and highly-efficient evaporation properties. A flow path in the upstream of the inlet filter was used for mist evaporation by the system. This path is unique to the power plant, and is intended to prevent snow particles from direct entry. Model and field tests to confirm safe and effective operation of the system developed were performed in order to address possible concerns associated with the introduction of this system. As a basic consideration, wind tunnel experiments using nozzles were performed. Through the experiments, the most suitable nozzles were chosen, and effectiveness of the mist atomization was evaluated. The basic specifications of the system were determined from the evaluation results. At the same time, flow-field in the inlet air channel of the intended gas turbine was analyzed, and positioning of the atomization devices optimized. The mist atomization system that was developed was installed in a gas turbine at the power plant. To prevent excessive atomization from possibly causing erosion, a target value of 95% humidity at the compressor inlet was set, and a thermo-hygrometer was installed downstream of the inlet silencer to monitor humidity. As a result of the operation, no signs of erosion were detected in a major inspection conducted about one year following the introduction of the system. Another concern had to do with immediate changes in the state of the gas turbine due to mist atomization stoppages. To evaluate effects of the stoppages, field tests in the plant were performed, resulting in no significant changes in turbine inlet temperature and exhaust gas temperature. Combustion pressure oscillations was also not observed. From these results, it has been confirmed that the system can be operated safely. After activating the atomization system, inlet temperature decreased by up to about 7.5 degrees Celsius and power output increased by up to 13 MW in the gas turbine.

New Insights From Conceptual Design of an Additive Manufactured 300 W Micro Gas Turbine Towards UAV Applications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Badum ◽  
Boris Leizeronok ◽  
Beni Cukurel
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Heat Transfer Analysis ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Internal Cooling ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine

Abstract Owing to high energy density of hydrocarbon fuels, ultra-micro gas turbines with power outputs below 1 kW have potential as battery replacement in drones. To overcome the obstacles observed in previous works on gas turbines of this scale, novel gas turbine architecture is proposed based on conventional roller bearing technology that operates at up to 500,000 RPM and additively manufactured monolithic rotor in cantilevered configuration, equipped with internal cooling blades. The optimum turbomachinery design is elaborated using diabatic cycle calculation, coupled with turbomachinery meanline design. This approach provides new insights on interdependencies of heat transfer, component efficiency and system electric efficiency. Thereby, reduced design pressure ratio of 2.5 with 1200 K turbine inlet temperature is identified as most suitable for 300 W electric power output. In following, material properties and design constraints for the monolithic rotor are obtained from available additive manufacturing technologies. Rotordynamic simulations are then conducted for four available materials using simplified rotor model. CFD simulations are conducted to quantify compressor efficiency and conjugate heat transfer analysis is performed to assess the benefit of internal cooling cavity and vanes for different rotor materials. It is demonstrated that the cavity flow absorbs large heat flux from turbine to compressor, thus cooling the rotor structure and improving the diabatic cycle efficiency. Finally, results of this conceptual study show that ultra-micro gas turbine with electric efficiency of up to 5% is feasible, while energy density is increased by factor of 3.6, compared to lithium-ion batteries.

New Insights From Conceptual Design of an Additive Manufactured 300 W Micro Gas Turbine Towards UAV Applications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Badum ◽  
B. Leizeronok ◽  
B. Cukurel
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Heat Transfer Analysis ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Internal Cooling ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine

Abstract Owing to the high energy density of hydrocarbon fuels, ultra-micro gas turbines with power outputs below 1 kW have clear potential as battery replacement in drones. However, previous works on gas turbines of this scale revealed severe challenges due to air bearing failures, heat transfer from turbine to compressor, rotordynamic instability and manufacturing limitations. To overcome these obstacles, a novel gas turbine architecture is proposed based on conventional roller bearing technology that operates at up to 500,000 RPM and an additively manufactured monolithic rotor in cantilevered configuration, equipped with internal cooling blades. The optimum turbomachinery design is elaborated using diabatic cycle calculation, coupled with turbomachinery meanline design code. This approach provides new insights on the interdependencies of heat transfer, component efficiency and system electric efficiency. Thereby, a reduced design pressure ratio of 2.5 with 1200 K turbine inlet temperature is identified as most suitable for 300 W electric power output. In following, a review of available additive manufacturing technologies yields material properties, surface roughness and design constraints for the monolithic rotor. Rotordynamic simulations are then conducted for four available materials using a simplified rotor model to identify valid permanent magnet dimensions that would avoid operation close to bending modes. To complete the baseline engine architecture, a novel radial inflow combustor concept is proposed based on porous inert media combustion. CFD simulations are conducted to quantify compressor efficiency and conjugate heat transfer analysis of the monolithic rotor is performed to assess the benefit of the internal cooling cavity and vanes for different rotor materials. It is demonstrated that the cavity flow absorbs large amount of heat flux from turbine to compressor, thus cooling the rotor structure and improving the diabatic cycle efficiency. Finally, the results of this conceptual study show that ultra-micro gas turbine with electric efficiency of up to 5% is feasible, while energy density is increased by factor of 3.6, compared to lithium-ion batteries.

Design and Testing of a Micromix Combustor With Recuperative Wall Cooling for a Hydrogen Fueled μ-Scale Gas Turbine

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Robinson ◽  
H. H.-W. Funke ◽  
P. Hendrick ◽  
R. Wagemakers
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Small Scale

For more than 1 decade up to now, there is an ongoing interest in small gas turbines downsized to microscale. With their high energy density, they offer a great potential as a substitute for today’s unwieldy accumulators found in a variety of applications such as laptops, small tools, etc. But microscale gas turbines could not only be used for generating electricity, they could also produce thrust for powering small unmanned aerial vehicles or similar devices. Beneath all the great design challenges with the rotating parts of the turbomachinery at this small scale, another crucial item is in fact the combustion chamber needed for a safe and reliable operation. With the so-called regular micromix burning principle for hydrogen successfully downscaled in an initial combustion chamber prototype of 10 kW energy output, this paper describes a new design attempt aimed at the integration possibilities in a μ-scale gas turbine. For manufacturing the combustion chamber completely out of stainless steel components, a recuperative wall cooling was introduced to keep the temperatures in an acceptable range. Also a new way of an integrated ignition was developed. The detailed description of the prototype’s design is followed by an in depth report about the test results. The experimental investigations comprise a set of mass flow variations, coupled with a variation of the equivalence ratio for each mass flow at different inlet temperatures and pressures. With the data obtained by an exhaust gas analysis, a full characterization concerning combustion efficiency and stability of the prototype chamber is possible. Furthermore, the data show full compliance with the expected operating requirements of the designated μ-scale gas turbine.

Assessment of Solar Steam Injection in Gas Turbines

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kalathakis ◽  
N. Aretakis ◽  
I. Roumeliotis ◽  
A. Alexiou ◽  
K. Mathioudakis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Efficiency Increase ◽  
Solar Receiver ◽  
Steam Production

The concept of solar steam production for injection in a gas turbine combustion chamber is studied for both nominal and part load engine operation. First, a 5MW single shaft engine is considered which is then retrofitted for solar steam injection using either a tower receiver or a parabolic troughs scheme. Next, solar thermal power is used to augment steam production of an already steam injected single shaft engine without any modification of the existing HRSG by placing the solar receiver/evaporator in parallel with the conventional one. For the case examined in this paper, solar steam injection results to an increase of annual power production (∼15%) and annual fuel efficiency (∼6%) compared to the fuel-only engine. It is also shown that the tower receiver scheme has a more stable behavior throughout the year compared to the troughs scheme that has better performance at summer than at winter. In the case of doubling the steam-to-air ratio of an already steam injected gas turbine through the use of a solar evaporator, annual power production and fuel efficiency increase by 5% and 2% respectively.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document