Electronic Stool (e-Stool): A Novel Self-Stabilizing Video Capsule Endoscope for Reliable Non-Invasive Colonic Imaging

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dobromir Filip ◽  
Marjan Eggermont ◽  
Jacquelyn Nagel ◽  
C. N. Andrews ◽  
Orly Yadid-Pecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Final Stage ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Expansion Process ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Biomimetic Approach ◽  
Capsule Size ◽  
Human Stool

Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) has become a popular non-invasive technique to study the small intestine. However, colonic VCE has been problematic due to capsule tumbling in the larger lumen of this organ. Self-stabilizing VCE is a novel method to visualize the colon without tumbling utilizing a biomimetic approach. The proposed design uses the free energy of the body’s natural processes employed to move chyme, and imitates the formation and propagation of stool. In its final stage, it physically and mechanically mimics natural feces. The process starts by administering the capsule orally. The capsule size, shape, and material were chosen to provide a smooth transit throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Once it reaches the colon, its special outer casing enzymatically dissolves. A stabilizing component that is attached to the back end of the capsule starts quickly expanding in the cecum by osmosis. This increase of the volumetric size of the expandable component (stabilizing component) invokes natural peristalsis by colonic mass reflex. Since the expansion process takes place very quickly, the capsule gets stabilized before the expansion-provoked peristalsis starts. At the final stage, the artificially created expanded component (behaving like an artificial stool) centralizes the capsule during its voyage in the colon, allowing a very smooth transit due to its viscosity. The aim of the present study is to present the design of the capsule from a biomimetic perspective and to comparatively quantify the mechanical properties of the design with those of actual human stool.

scholarly journals Advanced Fusion and Empirical Mode Decomposition-Based Filtering Methods for Breathing Rate Estimation from Seismocardiogram Signals

Information ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 368
Author(s):  
Christina Kozia ◽  
Randa Herzallah
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Mode Decomposition ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Breathing Rate ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time

Breathing Rate (BR), an important deterioration indicator, has been widely neglected in hospitals due to the requirement of invasive procedures and the need for skilled nurses to be measured. On the other hand, biomedical signals such as Seismocardiography (SCG), which measures heart vibrations transmitted to the chest-wall, can be used as a non-invasive technique to estimate the BR. This makes SCG signals a highly appealing way for estimating the BR. As such, this work proposes three novel methods for extracting the BR from SCG signals. The first method is based on extracting respiration-dependent features such as the fundamental heart sound components, S1 and S2 from the SCG signal. The second novel method investigates for the first time the use of data driven methods such as the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) method to identify the respiratory component from an SCG signal. Finally, the third advanced method is based on fusing frequency information from the respiration signals that result from the aforementioned proposed methods and other standard methods. The developed methods in this paper are then evaluated on adult recordings from the combined measurement of ECG, the Breathing and Seismocardiograms database. Both fusion and EMD filter-based methods outperformed the individual methods, giving a mean absolute error of 1.5 breaths per minute, using a one-minute window of data.

Bee Markers: A Novel Method for Non-Invasive Short Term Marking of Bats

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucinda Kirkpatrick ◽  
Grzegorz Apoznański ◽  
Luc De Bruyn ◽  
Ralf Gyselings ◽  
Tomasz Kokurewicz
Keyword(s):  
Short Term ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Novel Method

USING DOPPLER TO ASSESS THE FETAL HEALTH FOR THE PREDICTION OF GESTATIONAL OUTCOME

2014 ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Thi Linh Giang Truong ◽  
Vu Quoc Huy Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Umbilical Artery ◽  
Functional Method ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Fetal Health ◽  
Uterine Arteries ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Key Words Doppler

Background: Assessment of fetal health plays the most important role in prenatal care because of influence of the prediction of gestational outcome. One of the main aims of routine antenatal care is to identify the ‘ at risk ‘ fetus in order to apply clinical interventions which could results in reduced perinatal morbidity and mortality. Doppler ultrasound is a non invasive technique whereby the movement of blood is studied by detecting the change in frequence of reflected sound, Doppler blood flow velocity waves form of fetal side (umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery ...) and maternal side ( uterine arteries) are discussed and monograms for routine practice are presented. Recently this method is important tool for qualifying high risk pregnancies and help early forecasts the health of the babies and mothers disorder. Doppler sonography in obstetrics is a widely accepted functional method of examining the prediction of gestational outcome. Key words: Doppler, umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery, uterine arteries

scholarly journals Thermal Liquid Biopsy (TLB) Focused on Benign and Premalignant Pancreatic Cyst Diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Sonia Hermoso-Durán ◽  
Guillermo García-Rayado ◽  
Laura Ceballos-Laita ◽  
Carlos Sostres ◽  
Sonia Vega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Pancreatic Cyst ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Background Current ◽  
Interesting Point ◽  
Pancreatic Lesion ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Patient Diagnosis ◽  
New Biomarkers

Background: Current efforts in the identification of new biomarkers are directed towards an accurate differentiation between benign and premalignant cysts. Thermal Liquid Biopsy (TLB) has been previously applied to inflammatory and tumor diseases and could offer an interesting point of view in this type of pathology. Methods: In this work, twenty patients (12 males and 8 females, average ages 62) diagnosed with a pancreatic cyst benign (10) and premalignant (10) cyst lesions were recruited, and biological samples were obtained during the endoscopic ultrasonography procedure. Results: Proteomic content of cyst liquid samples was studied and several common proteins in the different groups were identified. TLB cyst liquid profiles reflected protein content. Also, TLB serum score was able to discriminate between healthy and cysts patients (71% sensitivity and 98% specificity) and between benign and premalignant cysts (75% sensitivity and 67% specificity). Conclusions: TLB analysis of plasmatic serum sample, a quick, simple and non-invasive technique that can be easily implemented, reports valuable information on the observed pancreatic lesion. These preliminary results set the basis for a larger study to refine TLB serum score and move closer to the clinical application of TLB providing useful information to the gastroenterologist during patient diagnosis.

278 Assessing effects of lateral tilt on cardiac output using a Non-invasive technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 224 (2) ◽  
pp. S182-S183
Author(s):  
Zaid Diken ◽  
Antonio F. Saad ◽  
Sema Hajmurad ◽  
Rakesh Vadhera ◽  
Michelle Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Lateral Tilt ◽  
Non Invasive

Non-invasive methods in the assessment of portal hypertension severity

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
Soňa Franková ◽  
Jan Šperl
Keyword(s):  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Transient Elastography ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Liver Stiffness ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Hepatic Veins ◽  
Oesophageal Varices ◽  
Non Invasive

Portal hypertension represents a wide spectrum of complications of chronic liver diseases and may present by ascites, oesophageal varices, splenomegaly, hypersplenism, hepatorenal and hepatopulmonary syndrome or portopulmonary hypertension. Portal hypertension and its severity predicts the patient‘s prognosis: as an invasive technique, the portosystemic gradient (HPVG – hepatic venous pressure gradient) measurement by hepatic veins catheterisation has remained the gold standard of its assessment. A reliable, non-invasive method to assess the severity of portal hypertension is of paramount importance; the patients with clinically significant portal hypertension have a high risk of variceal bleeding and higher mortality. Recently, non-invasive methods enabling the assessment of liver stiffness have been introduced into clinical practice in hepatology. Not only may these methods substitute for liver biopsy, but they may also be used to assess the degree of liver fibrosis and predict the severity of portal hypertension. Nowadays, we can use the quantitative elastography (transient elastography, point shear-wave elastrography, 2D-shear-wave elastography) or magnetic resonance imaging. We may also assess the severity of portal hypertension based on the non-invasive markers of liver fibrosis (i.e. ELF test) or estimate clinically signifi cant portal hypertension using composite scores (LSPS – liver spleen stiff ness score), based on liver stiffness value, spleen diameter and platelet count. Spleen stiffness measurement is a new method that needs further prospective studies. The review describes current possibilities of the non-invasive assessment of portal hypertension and its severity.

A Harmonic Tracking Technique for Recovery of Gear Motion From Non-Stationary Vibration Signals

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Lerch ◽  
Richard H. Lyon
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Time Spectrum ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Signal Distortion ◽  
Vibration Signals ◽  
Tracking Method ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Stationary Vibration ◽  
Short Time

Abstract A method termed harmonic tracking is developed to recover time dependent gear motion from machine casing vibration. The harmonic tracking method uses short-time spectral generation and a subsequent set of algorithms to locate and track gear meshing frequencies as functions of time. The meshing frequencies are then integrated with respect to time to obtain the rotation of individual gears. More specifically, spectral generation is performed using the discrete Fourier transform, and the locating and tracking algorithms involve locating tones in each short-time spectrum and tracking them through successive spectra to recover gear meshing harmonics. The harmonic tracking method is found to be more robust than demodulation-based methods in the presence of measurement noise and signal distortion from the structural transfer function between gears and the casing. The harmonic tracking method is tested, both through simulation and experiments involving motor-operated valves (MOV’s) as part of the development of a diagnostic system for MOV’s. In all cases, the harmonic tracking method is found to recover gear motion with sufficient accuracy to perform diagnostics. The harmonic tracking method should be generally applicable to situations in which a non-invasive technique is required for determining the time-dependent angular speeds and displacements of gearbox input, intermediary, and output shafts.

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