A Multi-Body Modeling and Design of Experiment Investigation of a Motorcyclist Impact on Roadside Barriers at Upright and Sliding Configurations

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasoul Moradi ◽  
Hamid M. Lankarani
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Design Of Experiment ◽  
Parametric Study ◽  
Reasonable Agreement ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Test Device ◽  
Crash Injuries ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Multi Body ◽  
Impact Angles

Roadside guard systems such as concrete and wire barriers and steel guard rails are mainly developed to protect occupants of the errant cars or trucks. Yet motorcycle riders are vulnerable to these barriers and guard systems, and impact on these barriers may result in major injuries. The objective of this study is to examine the major factors causing injuries in motorcycle-barriers accidents. A mathematical multi-body motorcycle model with a motorcycle anthropometric test device, MATD, is developed in the MADYMO 7.2 for this purpose. The motorcycle model as well as the motorcycle and rider model are validated using full-scale crash test data available in the literature. The simulations results are found to be in a reasonable agreement with the experimental data. A parametric study using the design of experiment (DOE) is then conducted to investigate the nature of crash injuries for various impact speeds, impact angles, different bike and rider positions to assess the rider kinematics and potential injuries. The results from this study can help in designing road barriers and guard systems in order to protect the motorcycle riders.

Kinematic Analysis of a Motorcyclist Impact on Concrete Barriers Under Different Road Conditions

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasoul Moradi ◽  
Shashikumar Ramamurthy ◽  
Chandrashekhar K. Thorbole ◽  
Prasannakumar S. Bhonge ◽  
Hamid M. Lankarani
Keyword(s):  
Parametric Study ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Major Mode ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Concrete Barriers ◽  
Crash Injuries

In many countries, motorcycle crashes constitutes a significant proportion of road crash injuries. Several roadside guard systems such as concrete barriers, wire road barriers and steel guard rails are used to protect cars or heavy trucks occupants, yet motorcycle riders are vulnerable to these barriers and guard systems, resulting in major injuries. The road and climatic conditions also have a major impact on motorcyclists’ accidents. The safety measures can be successful only if more attention is devoted to this issue. The aim of this study is to understand the most influential factors causing motorcycle accidents. For this, a multi-body motorcycle model with a Hybrid III 50th percentile male dummy rider is developed under normal road condition in the MADYMO 6.3. The motorcycle model as well as the motorcycle and rider model has been validated using full scale crash test of a motorcycle with a rider available in a literature. Motorcycle kinematics, rider kinematics and the rider injury criteria are validated with the test results. The simulations results are found to be in a reasonable agreement with the experimental data. A parametric study is then conducted to investigate the nature of crash injuries for various impact speeds, different impact angles and for normal and icy road conditions to assess rider kinematics and potential injuries. The results from this study can help in designing road barriers and guard systems in order to protect the occupants of cars and motorcycles. The results from the parametric study indicate a significant difference on the motorcycle and rider kinematics when compared the icy road conditions to normal road conditions. It is also observed that the head injury risk is the major mode of injury in motorcycle accident.

Multibody Investigation on the Passive Safety Performances of Seats in Railway Vehicles

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Caputo ◽  
Francesco Fidanza ◽  
Giuseppe Lamanna
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Passive Safety ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Railway Vehicle ◽  
Seat Belts ◽  
Test Device ◽  
Sled Test ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Multi Body

The research activities described in this paper aim to identify the causes and the typologies of secondary impact injuries to passengers of a railway vehicle during a specific crash event, to understand the measure in which these injuries can be absorbed and to identify possible ways of reducing or eliminating them. The main investigated solution was to restrain passengers to their seats by considering the presence of seat belts. Biomechanical performances of passenger configurations with two-point and three-point seat belts were investigated and compared with those of unrestrained passengers. An anthropomorphic test device representative of medium size people was furnished and experimental tests were worked out in order to obtain effective data regarding the interaction of passengers with seats and seatbelts. By using these experimental data a multi-body numerical model of the sled test was calibrated and validated and restraining configuration performances, which could not be physically tested, were simulated.

Modeling and Experimental Validation of the Effective Bulk Modulus of a Mixture of Hydraulic Oil and Air

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Gholizadeh ◽  
Doug Bitner ◽  
Richard Burton ◽  
Greg Schoenau
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Bulk Modulus ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
Pressure Sensitivity ◽  
Hydraulic Oil ◽  
Effective Bulk Modulus ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Major Factors

It is well known that the presence of entrained air bubbles in hydraulic oil can significantly reduce the effective bulk modulus of hydraulic oil. The effective bulk modulus of a mixture of oil and air as pressure changes is considerably different than when the oil and air are not mixed. Theoretical models have been proposed in the literature to simulate the pressure sensitivity of the effective bulk modulus of this mixture. However, limited amounts of experimental data are available to prove the validity of the models under various operating conditions. The major factors that affect pressure sensitivity of the effective bulk modulus of the mixture are the amount of air bubbles, their size and the distribution, and rate of compression of the mixture. An experimental apparatus was designed to investigate the effect of these variables on the effective bulk modulus of the mixture. The experimental results were compared with existing theoretical models, and it was found that the theoretical models only matched the experimental data under specific conditions. The purpose of this paper is to specify the conditions in which the current theoretical models can be used to represent the real behavior of the pressure sensitivity of the effective bulk modulus of the mixture. Additionally, a new theoretical model is proposed for situations where the current models fail to truly represent the experimental data.

Numerical Simulations as a Reliable Alternative for Landmine Explosion Studies: The AUTODYN Approach

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Follett ◽  
Amer Hameed ◽  
S. Darina ◽  
John G. Hetherington
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Reasonable Agreement ◽  
Specific Impulse ◽  
Numerical Procedure ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Linear Dynamics ◽  
Non Linear

In order to validate the numerical procedure, the explosion of a mine was recreated within the non-linear dynamics software, AUTODYN. Two models were created and analysed for the purposes of this study — buried and flush HE charge in sand. The explosion parameters — time of arrival, maximum overpressure and specific impulse were recorded at two stand-off distances above the ground surface. These parameters are then compared with LS-DYNA models and published experimental data. The results, presented in table format, are in reasonable agreement.

The thermodynamic properties of mixed phospholipid bilayers: a theoretical analysis

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 796-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryse Mondat ◽  
A. Georgallas ◽  
D. A. Pink ◽  
M. J. Zuckermann
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Reasonable Agreement ◽  
Phospholipid Bilayers ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Phase Separations ◽  
Lipid Mixtures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Acyl Chains ◽  
Gel Phase

A theoretical model is presented with the intention of describing lateral phase separations in binary lipid mixtures in which the acyl chains of the components differ in their length. The model includes explicitly interactions between the acyl chains and between polar heads of the lipid molecules. Phase diagrams and thermodynamic properties of binary lipid mixtures were calculated using a wide range of interaction parameters. It is shown that the occurrence of immiscibility in the gel phase is related to the interactions between the polar heads of the lipid molecules. The calculated results for binary lipid mixtures are compared with the available experimental data. In particular, the calculated specific heat for dilauroyl phosphatidylcholine – distearoyl phosphatidylcholine is in reasonable agreement with experimental results obtained from differential scanning calorimetry measurements.

scholarly journals Spectral Fourier-microscopy of the periodic structures based on Ge2Sb2Te5

2021 ◽  
Vol 2103 (1) ◽  
pp. 012173
Author(s):  
A I Solomonov ◽  
S I Pavlov ◽  
P I Lazarenko ◽  
V V Kovalyuk ◽  
A D Golikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Reasonable Agreement ◽  
Angular Resolution ◽  
Periodic Structures ◽  
Diffraction Gratings ◽  
Dispersion Curves ◽  
Reflection Spectra ◽  
Waveguide Modes ◽  
Periodic Gratings

Abstract The method of spectral Fourier microscopy was used to study the reflection spectra with an angular resolution of submicron periodic gratings based on amorphous and crystalline Ge2Sb2Te5. The form of the dispersion curves of quasi-waveguide modes in the structures under study was established. The experimental data were compared with the calculations of dispersion curves in synthesized diffraction gratings. Reasonable agreement between theoretical and experimental data was obtained.

SUSPENSION OPTIMIZATION USING DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT (DOE) METHOD ON MSC/ADAMS-INSIGHT

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ikhsan ◽  
R. Ramli ◽  
A. Alias
Keyword(s):  
Design Of Experiment ◽  
Suspension System ◽  
Optimization Process ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Pareto Chart ◽  
Axis Direction ◽  
Parallel Movement ◽  
Suspension Model ◽  
Vehicle Suspension System ◽  
Multi Body

In this paper, the optimum setting for suspension hard points was determined from a half vehicle suspension system. These optimized values were obtained by considering the Kinematic and Compliance (K&C) effects of a verified PROTON WRM 44 P0-34 suspension model developed using MSC/ADAMS/CAR. For optimization process, multi body dynamic software, MSC/ADAMS/INSIGHT and Design of Experiment (DoE) method was employed. There were total of 60 hard points (factors) in x, y and z axis-direction for both front and rear suspension while toe, camber and caster change were selected as the objective function (responses) to be minimized. The values of 5 mm, 10 mm and 15 mm were used as relative values of factor setting to determine the factor range during optimization process. The hard point axis-direction that has the most effects on the responses was identified using the Pareto chart to optimize while the rests were eliminated. As expected result, a new set of suspension system model with a selected of Kinematic and Compliance (K&C) data set were obtained, and compared with the verified simulation data when subjected to the vertical parallel movement simulation test to determine the best setting and optimum suspension hard points configuration.  

Dynamical Theory for Simultaneous X-Ray Diffraction

1966 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 67-79
Author(s):  
P. Penning
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Plane Wave ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Reasonable Agreement ◽  
Dynamical Theory ◽  
Inversion Symmetry ◽  
Surprising Result ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Wave Fields ◽  
X Ray

AbstractComplete dynamical solutions for three coupled plane-wave components in crystal structures with inversion symmetry have been found. After reviewing briefly the dynamical solutions for wave fields with two coupled plane-wave components, the results for the three-beam case are discussed in qualitative terms. Attention is paid to singular points and lines on the ω-surface, and to the attenuation of the mode-intensity because of absorption. The most surprising result is that in the case one of the reflections is forbidden (Umweganregung) the absorption is reduced in comparison with the adjoining two-beam cases. Experimental data are in reasonable agreement with the theory. Quantitative data are presented for a few three-beam cases of simultaneous diffraction of Cu Kα. radiation in germanium.

scholarly journals Modeling Head-On Collisions: The Problem of Identifying Collision Parameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6212
Author(s):  
Piotr Aleksandrowicz
Keyword(s):  
Model Development ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Car Body ◽  
Impact Simulation ◽  
Default Data ◽  
Multi Body ◽  
Crash Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Legal Consequences

The analyses performed by the experts are crucial for the settlement of court disputes, and they have legal consequences for the parties to legal proceedings. The reliability of the simulation result is crucial. First, in article, an impact simulation was performed with the use of the program default data. Next, the impact parameters were identified from a crash test, and a simulation was presented. Due to the difficulties in obtaining the data identified, the experts usually take advantage of simplifications using only default data provided by the simulation program. This article includes the original conclusions on specific reasons of simplified collision modeling in Multi Body Systems (MBS) programs and provides specific directions of development of the V-SIM4 program used in the study to enhance the models applied. This manuscript indicates a direction for crash model development in MBS programs to consider a varied 3D body space zones stiffness related to the structure of the car body and the internal car elements instead of modeling the car body as a solid with an average stiffness. Such an approach would provide an alternative to Finite Element Method (FEM) convention modeling.

A Comparative Experiment on the Bond-Slip of Reinforced Concrete

2012 ◽  
Vol 226-228 ◽  
pp. 1795-1799
Author(s):  
Chuan Guo Cai ◽  
Guo Liang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Concrete Columns ◽  
Comparative Experiment ◽  
Test Device ◽  
Static Test ◽  
Bond Slip ◽  
Repeated Load ◽  
S Curve ◽  
The One

A new test device, which can be used for measuring the stain and the displacement on the adhesive interface while the slip occurs within the reinforced concrete, is proposed and designed. With that, a comparative experiment is carried out on a group of the reinforced concrete columns bearing alternating load to obtain the τ-s curve. The hysteretic curves of these specimens are recorded timely. The result from the one-way repeated load is similar with several well-known expressions which are commonly cited at home and abroad. That from the low cycle load reveals some certain characteristic of the alternating slip, which there isn't in the static test. The experimental data could make contribution for the numerical simulation on bridge and seismic building.

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