scholarly journals Carbon Neutral Production of Syngas via High Temperature Electrolytic Reduction of Steam and CO2

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Stoots ◽  
J. O’Brien ◽  
J. Hartvigsen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Computer Model ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Electrolytic Reduction ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
Open Cell ◽  
Idaho National Laboratory ◽  
Operating Temperatures

This paper presents the most recent results of experiments conducted at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) studying coelectrolysis of steam and carbon dioxide in solid-oxide electrolysis stacks. Two 10-cell planar stacks were tested under various gas compositions, operating voltages, and operating temperatures. The tests were heavily instrumented, and outlet gas compositions were monitored with a gas chromatograph. Measured outlet compositions, open cell potentials, and coelectrolysis thermal neutral voltages compared reasonably well with a coelectrolysis computer model developed at the INL. Stack ASRs did not change significantly when switching from electrolysis to coelectrolysis operation.

scholarly journals Test Results From the Idaho National Laboratory 15kW High Temperature Electrolysis Test Facility

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl M. Stoots ◽  
Keith G. Condie ◽  
James E. O’Brien ◽  
J. Stephen Herring ◽  
Joseph J. Hartvigsen
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Idaho National Laboratory ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Heat Recuperation ◽  
High Temperature Electrolysis

A 15 kW high temperature electrolysis test facility has been developed at the Idaho National Laboratory under the United States Department of Energy Nuclear Hydrogen Initiative. This facility is intended to study the technology readiness of using high temperature solid oxide cells for large scale nuclear powered hydrogen production. It is designed to address larger-scale issues such as thermal management (feedstock heating, high temperature gas handling, heat recuperation), multiple-stack hot zone design, multiple-stack electrical configurations, etc. Heat recuperation and hydrogen recycle are incorporated into the design. The facility was operated for 1080 hours and successfully demonstrated the largest scale high temperature solid-oxide-based production of hydrogen to date.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in High Temperature Electrolysis at Idaho National Laboratory: Stack Tests

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Zhang ◽  
James E. O’Brien ◽  
Robert C. O’Brien ◽  
Joseph J. Hartvigsen ◽  
Greg Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Idaho National Laboratory ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Solid Oxide Electrolysis ◽  
Electrolysis Mode

High temperature steam electrolysis is a promising technology for efficiently sustainable large-scale hydrogen production. Solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) are able to utilize high temperature heat and electric power from advanced high-temperature nuclear reactors or renewable sources to generate carbon-free hydrogen at large scale. However, long term durability of SOECs needs to be improved significantly before commercialization of this technology. A degradation rate of 1%/khr or lower is proposed as a threshold value for commercialization of this technology. Solid oxide electrolysis stack tests have been conducted at Idaho National Laboratory to demonstrate recent improvements in long-term durability of SOECs. Electrolyte-supported and electrode-supported SOEC stacks were provided by Ceramatec Inc., Materials and Systems Research Inc. (MSRI), and Saint Gobain Advanced Materials (St. Gobain), respectively for these tests. Long-term durability tests were generally operated for a duration of 1000 hours or more. Stack tests based on technologies developed at Ceramatec and MSRI have shown significant improvement in durability in the electrolysis mode. Long-term degradation rates of 3.2%/khr and 4.6%/khr were observed for MSRI and Ceramatec stacks, respectively. One recent Ceramatec stack even showed negative degradation (performance improvement) over 1900 hours of operation. A three-cell short stack provided by St. Gobain, however, showed rapid degradation in the electrolysis mode. Optimizations of electrode materials, interconnect coatings, and electrolyte-electrode interface microstructures contribute to better durability of SOEC stacks.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in High Temperature Electrolysis at Idaho National Laboratory: Single Cell Tests

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Zhang ◽  
James E. O’Brien ◽  
Robert C. O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Idaho National Laboratory ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
Stable Performance ◽  
High Temperature Electrolysis

An experimental investigation on the performance and durability of single solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) is under way at the Idaho National Laboratory. In order to understand and mitigate the degradation issues in high temperature electrolysis, single SOECs with different configurations from several manufacturers have been evaluated for initial performance and long-term durability. A new test apparatus has been developed for single cell and small stack tests from different vendors. Single cells from Ceramatec Inc. show improved durability compared to our previous stack tests. Single cells from Materials and Systems Research Inc. (MSRI) demonstrate low degradation both in fuel cell and electrolysis modes. Single cells from Saint Gobain Advanced Materials (St. Gobain) show stable performance in fuel cell mode, but rapid degradation in the electrolysis mode. Electrolyte-electrode delamination is found to have significant impact on degradation in some cases. Enhanced bonding between electrolyte and electrode and modification of the microstructure help to mitigate degradation. Polarization scans and AC impedance measurements are performed during the tests to characterize the cell performance and degradation.

Spatially confined catalysis-enhanced high-temperature carbon dioxide electrolysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 11705-11714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liming Yang ◽  
Xingjian Xue ◽  
Kui Xie
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Solid Oxide

Spatially confined catalysis significantly improves the CO2 electrolysis with Faraday efficiency above 90% in a solid-oxide electrolyzer with a TiO2 cathode.

Integrating Catalytic Coal Gasifiers With Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Siefert ◽  
Dushyant Shekhawat ◽  
Thomas Kalapos
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Steam Gasification ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Entrained Flow ◽  
Coal Gasifier

A review was conducted for coal gasification technologies that integrate with solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) to achieve system efficiencies near 60% while capturing and sequestering >90% of the carbon dioxide [1–2]. The overall system efficiency can reach 60% when a) the coal gasifier produces a syngas with a methane composition of roughly 25% on a dry volume basis, b) the carbon dioxide is separated from the methane-rich synthesis gas, c) the methane-rich syngas is sent to a SOFC, and d) the off-gases from the SOFC are recycled back to coal gasifier. The thermodynamics of this process will be reviewed and compared to conventional processes in order to highlight where available work (i.e. exergy) is lost in entrained-flow, high-temperature gasification, and where exergy is lost in hydrogen oxidation within the SOFC. The main advantage of steam gasification of coal to methane and carbon dioxide is that the amount of exergy consumed in the gasifier is small compared to conventional, high-temperature, oxygen-blown gasifiers. However, the goal of limiting the amount of exergy destruction in the gasifier has the effect of limiting the rates of chemical reactions. Thus, one of the main advantages of steam gasification leads to one of its main problems: slow reaction kinetics. While conventional entrained-flow, high-temperature gasifiers consume a sizable portion of the available work in the coal oxidation, the consumed exergy speeds up the rates of reactions. And while the rates of steam gasification reactions can be increased through the use of catalysts, only a few catalysts can meet cost requirements because there is often significant deactivation due to chemical reactions between the inorganic species in the coal and the catalyst. Previous research into increasing the kinetics of steam gasification will be reviewed. The goal of this paper is to highlight both the challenges and advantages of integrating catalytic coal gasifiers with SOFCs.

scholarly journals Test Results From the Idaho National Laboratory of the NASA Bi-Supported Cell Design

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Stoots ◽  
J. O’Brien ◽  
T. Cable
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
High Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Operating Voltage ◽  
Cell Design ◽  
Idaho National Laboratory ◽  
The University ◽  
Solid Oxide Cell

The Idaho National Laboratory has been researching the application of solid-oxide fuel cell technology for large-scale hydrogen production. As a result, the Idaho National Laboratory has been testing various cell designs to characterize electrolytic performance. NASA, in conjunction with the University of Toledo, has developed a new cell concept with the goals of reduced weight and high power density. This paper presents results of the INL’s testing of this new solid oxide cell design as an electrolyzer. Gas composition, operating voltage, and other parameters were varied during testing. Results to date show the NASA cell to be a promising design for both high power-to-weight fuel cell and electrolyzer applications.

scholarly journals Improving the Efficiency of High-Temperature Electrolysis of Carbon Dioxide in a Solid Oxide Cell

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 2623-2630
Author(s):  
Ann V Call ◽  
Thomas D Holmes ◽  
Khelifa Yanallah ◽  
Pratik D Desai ◽  
William B Zimmerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Solid Oxide Cell ◽  
High Temperature Electrolysis
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