Effect of Tracking Flat Reflector Using Novel Auxiliary Drive Mechanism on the Performance of Stationary Photovoltaic Module

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhir Kulkarni ◽  
Saurabh Tonapi ◽  
Pierre Larochelle ◽  
Kunal Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Total Solar Radiation ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Drive Mechanism ◽  
Diffuse Solar Radiation ◽  
Pv Array ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Continuous Power ◽  
Spherical Mechanism

General ways of cost reduction in solar power generation are Solar Tracked Photovoltaic (PV) arrays and concentrator systems. The PV array tracking becomes infeasible with increase in the size of the array and concentrated system is ineffective for continuous power generation as it requires external cooling system. Proposed approach here is to employ a novel auxiliary mirror drive mechanism to track the sun and reflect the rays on to stationary PV arrays. The performance is compared with same PV module without reflector under the same environmental conditions. Solarex SX 38 PV module and cleardome solar reflector (96% reflectivity) are used for the experiments. PV module is connected to electrical load through Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) and data acquisition system for voltage and current measurements. Incident radiation is measured using Li-Cor pyranometers located on the plane of the module and horizontal plane. A shadow band device is used for the measurement of diffuse solar radiation. The PV module is placed facing south at a tilt angle equal to the latitude angle. A reflector is placed facing north and oriented using the novel Mirror Positioning Device (MPD). The MPD is a five bar spherical mechanism used for solar tracking. This mechanism has two degrees of freedom which allows for tracking the sun along its azimuth and altitude. The mechanism is driven by two servo motors which actuate two links. The actuated link 1 helps in achieving the altitude gained by the sun while the actuated link 2 helps to attain the azimuth (or horizontal movement). The reason for using a spherical mechanism is due to the virtue of its architecture; it allows for carrying a larger payload and also helps in reducing weight. Its advantages are that it requires less power than traditional PV array tracking; there is no need for sensors to determine the position of the sun and also that it being a two degree of freedom spherical mechanism yields a large singularity free mirror orienting workspace. Solar radiation, efficiency, and temperature are plotted as a function of time for analysis. Average diffuse solar radiation is found to be in the range of 15 to 20% of total solar radiation. Different experiments are performed to find out the optimum cycle speed for reflector. Measurements show that output from the PV panel can be increased in the order of 22% with the use of tracking reflector. This work has succeeded in its goal in realization that the considerable increase in output power from PV modules can be achieved.

scholarly journals Theoretical study of Linke's Turbidity at Some Iraqi Sites Based on Solar Radiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Ali Shkhair Younus ◽  
◽  
Sahib Neamh Abdul Wahid ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Total Solar Radiation ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Average Amount ◽  
Diffuse Solar Radiation ◽  
The North ◽  
The Hours ◽  
South Of Iraq ◽  
North And South

Turbidity was calculated by solar irradiance (Linke's Turbidity) for sixteen Iraqi sites. These sites were distributed among middle, north and south of Iraq. We have updated these results of turbidity by depending on direct solar radiation, diffuse solar radiation, total solar radiation, and solar constant as inputs for mathematical models in computer programs. The latter calculations taking into account the hours of actual sun shine, hours of theoretical sun shine of the sun, the angle of the sun's rays, and the angle of the sun during the months of the year. The results showed that turbidity in the Iraqi sites which considered in this research depends mainly on the months of the year regardless of the fact that this site is located in the north, middle or south of Iraq. The amount of turbidity is at its greatest value during the winter season, specifically the month of December, where the average turbidity varied for those sites. In latter month the turbidity was ranged from (4.85 to 5.73), while in January it ranged from (4.75 to 5.72), then it began to decrease until the value of turbidity in most sites reached its lowest level in September, where the average turbidity of the studied sites varied (except for the site of Najaf) in this month (2.82 - 3.10) While the Najaf site was unique in registering the lowest average amount of turbidity in June by (3.25). The results showed that the turbidity in all sites included in this research ranges between (2.82 - 5.73) during the year.

scholarly journals Improved empirical models for estimating surface direct and diffuse solar radiation at monthly and daily level: A case study in North China

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Feng ◽  
Dongmei Chen ◽  
Xinyi Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
North China ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Empirical Models ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Total Solar Radiation ◽  
Diffuse Solar Radiation ◽  
Precise Knowledge ◽  
The Impact

Precise knowledge of direct and diffuse solar radiation is important for energy utilization and agricultural activities. However, field measurements in most areas of the world are only for total solar radiation. The satellite-retrieved direct and diffuse solar radiation show poor performance under overcast skies. Therefore, better empirical models are needed to estimate direct and diffuse solar radiation by considering the impact of aerosols over polluted regions. A case study is conducted in North China with the ground-measured solar radiation and satellite-retrieved aerosol optical depth to improve new empirical models at monthly (from 2000 to 2016) and daily (from 2006 to 2009) level. The improved empirical models are validated using the field measurements and compared with the existing models. Results suggest that these models perform well in estimating direct solar radiation at monthly ( R2 = 0.86–0.91, RMSE = 0.76–0.83 MJ/m2) and daily ( R2 = 0.91–0.94, RMSE = 1.51–1.64 MJ/m2) level. The accuracy of estimated monthly ( R2 = 0.95–0.96, RMSE = 0.57–0.65 MJ/m2) and daily ( R2 = 0.91–0.93, RMSE = 1.09–1.15 MJ/m2) diffuse solar radiation, particularly the maximum diffuse solar radiation value, has been improved compared to the existing models. The models presented in this study can be useful in the improvement and evaluation of solar radiation dataset over polluted regions similar to North China.

Evaluation of Solar Electric Power Technologies in Jordan Using Fuzzy Logic

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Badran ◽  
Emad Abdulhadi ◽  
Rustom Mamlook
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Power Capacity ◽  
Solar Ponds ◽  
Land Usage ◽  
High Solar Radiation

Jordan is considered one of the sun-belt countries, which possesses high solar radiation on its horizontal surface. The present study will be concerned on the uses of fuzzy sets methodology to perform evaluation between the most suitable solar technologies for power generation in Jordan, namely, solar ponds and photovoltaic (PV) technologies. The criterion of the evaluation were based on different parameters, i.e., power capacity, efficiency, availability, capacity factor, storage capability, cost, maturity, land usage and safety, they are planned as the technologies for the near foreseen term. Based on benefit to cost ratios, the results showed that photovoltaic technology found to be the better choice in terms of generating electricity, research and development and more effective programs of support and installation.

Developing and Evaluation of Various Correlations for Diffuse Solar Radiation for Urla (Izmir, Turkey)

2012 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Orhan Ekren
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Diffuse Radiation ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Total Solar Radiation ◽  
Total Radiation ◽  
Diffuse Solar Radiation ◽  
Tilted Surface

Characteristics of site-specific solar irradiation is required to optimize a solar energy system. If no tracking system is used, the amount of electricity or heat produced by solar energy depends on the total solar radiation on a tilted surface. Although pyranometer measures direct plus diffuse solar radiation on a horizontal surface, there are many locations where diffuse radiation is not measured. Also, diffuse radiation is necessary to determine the total radiation on a tilted surface. Therefore, in this study, new correlations for diffuse solar radiation is proposed as a function of atmospheric parameters for Urla (Izmir, Turkey). After applying the statistical procedure on the measured data, seven new correlations are proposed for the ratio of hourly average diffuse and total radiation. Also, the ratio of monthly average daily diffuse and total radiation for this region is proposed.

The Impact Mitigation of Partial Shading on PV Array Power Generation

2015 ◽  
Vol 781 ◽  
pp. 267-271
Author(s):  
Santisouk Phiouthonekham ◽  
Anucha Lekkruasuwan ◽  
Surachai Chaitusaney
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Pv Array ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
The Impact

The impact of partial shading on photovoltaic (PV) array is discussed in this paper. The partial shading on PV array can significantly decrease the power generation of PV array. This study examines the modeling of PV module which relates with solar irradiation, temperature, and shading pattern. There are different shading patterns on PV array, such as one-string shading, two-strings shading, and much more. The characteristics of current-voltage (I-V) and voltage-power (V-P) curves for each individual the PV array can be different dependent on the multiple MPPs, maximum power points (MPPs). These multiple MPPs are basically lower than the MPP in case of no shading. Therefore, the total generated energy in an interested time period is usually reduced. As a result, this paper proposes the appropriate arrangement of PV modules in a PV array in order to mitigate the impact of partial shading. Finally, the proposed arrangement of PV modules is tested in a testing system. All the obtained results confirms that the proposed arrangement of PV modules is effective and can be applied in practice.

scholarly journals Reconfiguration Method to Extract More Power from Partially Shaded Photovoltaic Arrays with Series-Parallel Topology

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoguang Liu ◽  
Yuefeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Pv Array ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
In Series ◽  
Mismatch Loss ◽  
Partial Shade ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Power Point

A photovoltaic (PV) array is composed of several panels connected in series-parallel topology in most actual applications. However, partial shading of a PV array can dramatically reduce power generation. This paper presents a new reconfiguration method to extract more power from PV arrays under partial shade conditions. The method is designed using the effective maximum power point current and voltage of a PV panel. Its advantages involve (i) the method reconfigures the PV array without measuring the irradiance profile, and (ii) the reconfiguration is executed on the level of a PV module. Based on these two aspects, the method disperses the shade uniformly within the PV array, reducing the mismatch loss significantly and increasing power generation. The performance of the proposed method is investigated for different shade patterns and results show improved performance under partial shade conditions.

scholarly journals A Constant Power Generation of Solar Photo Voltaic Systems using Mppt with Fuzzy Logic Controler

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11S) ◽  
pp. 655-659
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Buck Converter ◽  
Power Transformation ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Module ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Photovoltaic Power ◽  
Photo Voltaic ◽  
Estimation And Control ◽  
And Control

MPPT and furthermore CPG that utilizations fluffy rationale controller calculation. The Fuzzy rationale controller, By managing by method for nonlinear positions, suggest a predominant controller for these sort of associations. The method additionally profits by the explain and way to deal with the difficulty that conquers the multifaceted nature in demonstrating nonlinear frameworks. You can arrive at this objective, a MPPT and CPG model having A SOLAR module, The DC-DC converter (CHOPER), another fluffy rationale controller was created. Contemplating a buck converter and lift converter and furthermore buck-support converter highlights was done so as to recognize the most reasonable topology. An unsegregated sort of the sun oriented PV module distinguished converter was recreated and the outcomes used to fathom the master thoughts require to create and strain a fluffy rationale controller. wooly controller was coded as a continuous run program and the MPPT and CPG executed utilizing a dc-dc converter (CHOPER) constrained by a microcomputer. This outcomes can diminishing quality for the move of a photovoltaic power framework batteries can be completely energized and utilized during times of little astrophysical radiation.50KVA model was executed at 1KVA. Testing indicated efficiencies above 95.5% complete dead from power transformation, fluffy rationale MPPT and CPG, and estimation and control hardware.

scholarly journals Analysis Of Power Generation Photovoltaic Array 9×10 Wp Under Shading Effect

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Dwi Prima Putri Utami ◽  
Antonius Rajagukguk
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Characteristic Curves ◽  
Shading Effect ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Photovoltaic Array ◽  
Pv Array ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Current Voltage

There are several problems that can interfere with the performance of large-scale PV. One that enhances PV performance is shading on a PV module, that make interferes PV performance. This research studied about the effect of shading on the performance of large-scale PV systems through testing a 9 × 10 Wp miniature PV array and simulation using Matlab software. The use of diodes on a PV module can be done to prevent damage to the PV module due to shading. Through the power-voltage (P-V) and current-voltage (I-V) characteristic curves the effect of shading and the use of bypass and blocking diodes can be determined. Shading effect gave in a decrease in power in the PV module. From the results of this study note that the bypass diode and blocking diode output power generated by the PV module can be optimal.

scholarly journals All-day uninterrupted power generator: Harvesting energy from the sun and cold space

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuai Zhang ◽  
Zhenhua Wu ◽  
Zekun Liu ◽  
Erzhen Mu ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Radiative Cooling ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Power Generator ◽  
Solar Absorber ◽  
Atmospheric Window ◽  
Power Generation System ◽  
Continuous Power

Abstract Harvesting energy from the environment to generate electricity is attracting tremendous interest to enrich the forms of energy utilization, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and alleviate the global energy crisis1,2. However, achieving an unlimited and uninterrupted all-day power generation from the ambient energy is still challenging3. Herein, we demonstrate a passive power device to harvest energy from the sun and cold space based on micro-fabricated thermoelectric generator (TEG) integrated with solar absorber (SA) and radiative cooling emitter (RCE) to realize continuous power generation form the ambient. The ultrathin TEG, that with a sensitivity of 10− 4 K achieved output power density of 960 W/m3 while heated to 80°C at room temperature. The solar absorber (SA) performs photothermal conversion to heat the TEG in the daytime4, while the radiative cooling emitter (RCE) radiates the heat to the cold space through the atmospheric window to cool the TEG all the clear day5,6. Our strategy provides a renewable and sustainable thermodynamic resource to build a temperature difference over TEG for all-day uninterrupted power generation for wide application scenarios. This is the first proof-of-principle uninterrupted power generation system independent of time on a small scale, and opportunities exist for environmental energy harvesting and electricity generation beyond traditional technologies.

scholarly journals Hourly 5-km surface total and diffuse solar radiation in China, 2007–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hou Jiang ◽  
Ning Lu ◽  
Jun Qin ◽  
Ling Yao
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Mean Bias Error ◽  
Bias Error ◽  
Total Solar Radiation ◽  
Surface Solar Radiation ◽  
Diffuse Solar Radiation

Abstract Surface solar radiation is an indispensable parameter for numerical models, and the diffuse component contributes to the carbon uptake in ecosystems. We generated a 12-year (2007–2018) hourly dataset from Multi-functional Transport Satellite (MTSAT) satellite observations, including surface total solar radiation (Rs) and diffuse radiation (Rdif), with 5-km spatial resolution through deep learning techniques. The used deep network tacks the integration of spatial pattern and the simulation of complex radiation transfer by combining convolutional neural network and multi-layer perceptron. Validation against ground measurements shows the correlation coefficient, mean bias error and root mean square error are 0.94, 2.48 W/m2 and 89.75 W/m2 for hourly Rs and 0.85, 8.63 W/m2 and 66.14 W/m2 for hourly Rdif, respectively. The correlation coefficient of Rs and Rdif increases to 0.94 (0.96) and 0.89 (0.92) at daily (monthly) scales, respectively. The spatially continuous hourly maps accurately reflect regional differences and restore the diurnal cycles of solar radiation at fine resolution. This dataset can be valuable for studies on regional climate changes, terrestrial ecosystem simulations and photovoltaic applications.

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