Fast-Response Smart Self-Assembling Biosensors for Biomarker Detection

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. K. Lai ◽  
Marco P. Schoen ◽  
Arya Ebrahimpour ◽  
Alok Bhushan ◽  
Christopher K. Daniels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Characterization ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Biomarker Detection ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Multiple Biomarkers ◽  
The One ◽  
The Ideal

The development of biosensors has been astronomical with the advent of the rapid growth of nanomaterials and nanotechnology. Nanobiosensors are becoming ubiquitous in numerous biomedical applications. Thus, there is a great impetus to exploit smart nanoparticles and other nanomaterials for designing and fabricating smart nanobiosensors that are ultrasensitive and biocompatible. We are developing smart self-assembling biosensors that can detect specific biomolecules (e.g., enzymes, cofactors, metabolites, drugs, hormones, etc.) from micro- to nanomolar levels. Applications of the biosensors include detection of organ dysfunction and/or failure (e.g., liver malfunction, heart failure, etc.), early detection of malignant cancers, toxicant identification, and other biomarkers of diseases. Although nanobiosensors that possess high sensitivity and specificity have been designed and marketed, one fundamental issue remains to be resolved. This important issue is one concerning biocompatibility. Thus, in our development of smart biosensors using nanomaterials, we have adopted a dual purpose approach. (i) On the one hand, it is necessary to systematically and comprehensively evaluate the material properties, characterize and model the signal sensing ability, and determine the biocompatibility of materials to be employed for the design of nanobiosensors. (ii) On the other hand, it is imperative to identify the ideal criteria for the designs of fast-response smart self-assembling nanobiosensors for biomarker detection. Based on a critical review of the literature and consideration of the biocompatibility, functional characterization, and other related issues discussed above, we have identify a set of criteria for the design of fast-response smart self-assembling nanobiosensors for detection of multiple biomarkers. We have also identified many biomedical areas where such nanobiosensors can be applied to detect biomarkers for various diseases. Our dual purpose approach will ultimately lead to the design of much more biocompatible and highly sensitive nanobiosensors and diagnostic equipment (nanobiosensor arrays).

Ultrahigh Sensitivity Micro-cliff Graphene Wearable Pressure Sensor Made by Instant Flash Light Exposure

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yachu Zhang ◽  
Han Lin ◽  
Fei Meng ◽  
Huai Liu ◽  
David Mesa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Ultrahigh Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitive Pressure

Wearable and highly sensitive pressure sensors are of great importance for robotics, health monitoring and biomedical applications. Simultaneously achieving high sensitivity within a broad working range, fast response time (within...

Highly sensitive and fast-response hydrogen sensing of WO3 nanoparticles via palladium reined spillover effect

Nanoscale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengyou Zhu ◽  
Xiaxia Xing ◽  
Dongliang Feng ◽  
Zhenxu Li ◽  
Yingying Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spillover Effect ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Hydrogen Sensing ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity

Hydrogen sensing simultaneously endowed with fast response, high sensitivity and selectivity are highly desired in detecting hydrogen leakages such as in those hydrogen-driven vehicles and space rockets. Here, hydrogen sensing...

Highly Sensitive Enzyme-Less Glucose Biosensor Based on α-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Umar ◽  
Kulvinder Singh ◽  
S. K. Mehta ◽  
H. Fouad ◽  
Othman Y. Alothman
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Sensor ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Glucose Biosensor ◽  
High Reproducibility ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Rhombohedral Crystal ◽  
Coefficient Of Regression ◽  
Facile Hydrothermal Process

This paper reports the synthesis, characterization and fabrication of enzyme-less glucose sensor based on iron oxide (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles synthesized by facile hydrothermal process. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by various techniques to understand the morphologies, composition and scattering properties. The morphological and structural studies confirmed the successful formation of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles in large quantity which exhibiting well-crystallinity and rhombohedral crystal structures. The fabricated enzyme-less glucose sensor based on α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles revealed high sensitivity of 30.89 μA/mM cm2 with a fast response time (5 sec). The fabricated glucose sensor exhibited high reproducibility and its electrochemical response found to be linear over a wide concentration range of glucose from 1 to 10 mM with coefficient of regression (R) = 0.9981.

Polyacrylamide Coated on Quartz Crystal Microbalance Electrodes for Highly Sensitive Sensor of Acetic Acid

2019 ◽  
Vol 948 ◽  
pp. 254-259
Author(s):  
Ahmad Rizani ◽  
Sulis Setyawati Winingsih ◽  
Aditya Rianjanu ◽  
Trisna Julian ◽  
Shidiq Nur Hidayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Quartz Crystal Microbalance ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Quartz Crystal ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Acid Vapor ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Assembled Monolayers ◽  
Sensitive Sensor

In many cases, acetic acid is categorized as hazardous to health. A high-performance sensor for detecting acetic acid is urgently required. This study aims to observe the characteristics of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) coated with polyacrylamide as an acetic acid sensor. For this purpose, we prepared the sensor by firstly coating with 1-dodecanethiol (using self-assembled-monolayers or SAM technique) followed subsequently by glutaraldehyde and polyacrylamide (PAM).As results, the sensors showed less sensitivity to humidity changes, which is one of the basic prerequisites for a stable sensor to an environment. We also obtained that the sensor showed relatively fast response time and high sensitivity to acetic acid vapor of about 96 seconds and 12.9 Hz/(mgL-1), respectively. Further research, however, is still required to improve the sensitivity and specificity by choosing more selective polymers.

scholarly journals On the Use of Dynamic Calibration to Correct Drop Counter Rain Gauge Measurements

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6321
Author(s):  
Mattia Stagnaro ◽  
Arianna Cauteruccio ◽  
Luca G. Lanza ◽  
Pak-Wai Chan
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Dynamic Calibration ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Rain Gauges ◽  
Intensity Measurements ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Dynamic calibration was performed in the laboratory on two catching-type drop counter rain gauges manufactured as high-sensitivity and fast response instruments by Ogawa Seiki Co. Ltd. (Japan) and the Chilbolton Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK). Adjustment procedures were developed to meet the recommendations of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) for rainfall intensity measurements at the one-minute time resolution. A dynamic calibration curve was derived for each instrument to provide the drop volume variation as a function of the measured drop releasing frequency. The trueness of measurements was improved using a post-processing adjustment algorithm and made compatible with the WMO recommended maximum admissible error. The impact of dynamic calibration on the rainfall amount measured in the field at the annual and the event scale was calculated for instruments operating at two experimental sites. The rainfall climatology at the site is found to be crucial in determining the magnitude of the measurement bias, with a predominant overestimation at the low to intermediate rainfall intensity range.

Why Do My Squiggles Look Funny? A Gallery of Compromised Seismic Signals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam T. Ringler ◽  
David B. Mason ◽  
Gabi Laske ◽  
Tyler Storm ◽  
Mary Templeton
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Large Range ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Seismic Signals ◽  
Network Operator ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Ideal Situation ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract Seismic instruments are highly sensitive and capable of recording a large range of different Earth signals. The high sensitivity of these instruments also makes them prone to various failures. Although many failures are very obvious, such as a dead channel, there are other more subtle failures that easily go unnoticed by both network operators and data users. This work documents several different types of failure modes in which the instrument is no longer faithfully recording ground-motion data. Although some of these failure modes make the data completely unusable, there are also a number of failures in which the data can still be used for certain applications. Of course, the ideal situation is to identify as soon as possible when data become compromised and to have the network operator fix the station. However, knowing how the data became compromised can also help data users to identify if the data can still be used for their particular application. This work in no way attempts to exhaustively document recording failures but rather to communicate examples and equip the reader with ways of identifying failure modes.

Highly sensitive and selective fluorescent probe for Ag+ based on a Eu3+ post-functionalized metal–organic framework in aqueous media

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (42) ◽  
pp. 18018-18025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Na Hao ◽  
Bing Yan
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
New Class ◽  
Postsynthetic Modification ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
The Eu

A new class of lanthanide luminescent MOFs was generated by postsynthetic modification encapsulating Eu3+ into the pores of MIL-121 (Eu3+@MIL-121). More significantly, the robust Eu3+@MIL-121 shows fast response and high sensitivity to Ag+ ions in aqueous solution, due to a great enhancement in the Eu-luminescence.

High-sensitivity detection of gold labels by high-angle dark-field STEM imaging

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 892-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max T. Otten
Keyword(s):  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Bright Field ◽  
Backscattered Electron Imaging ◽  
Backscattered Electrons ◽  
Average Atomic Number ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Backscattered Electron ◽  
Electron Imaging ◽  
High Sensitivity Detection

Labelling of antibodies with small gold probes is a highly sensitive technique for detecting specific molecules in biological tissue. Larger gold probes are usually well visible in TEM or STEM Bright-Field images of unstained specimens. In stained specimens, however, the contrast of the stain is frequently the same as that of the gold labels, making it virtually impossible to identify the labels, especially when smaller gold labels are used to increase the sensitivity of the immunolabelling technique. TEM or STEM Dark-Field images fare no better (Figs. 1a and 2a), again because of the absence of a clear contrast difference between gold labels and stain.Potentially much more useful is backscattered-electron imaging, since this will show differences in average atomic number which are sufficiently large between the metallic gold and the stains normally used. However, for the thin specimens and at high accelerating voltages of the STEM, the yield of backscattered electrons is very small, resulting in a very weak signal. Consequently, the backscattered-electron signal is often too noisy for detecting small labels, even for large spot sizes.

Predictive, Deadbeat, and Combined Controls

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadegh Vaez-Zadeh
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Direct Torque Control ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Torque Control ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Electric Motors ◽  
Operating Cycle ◽  
Combined Control ◽  
The One

In this chapter, three control methods recently developed for or applied to electric motors in general and to permanent magnet synchronous (PMS) motors, in particular, are presented. The methods include model predictive control (MPC), deadbeat control (DBC), and combined vector and direct torque control (CC). The fundamental principles of the methods are explained, the machine models appropriate to the methods are derived, and the control systems are explained. The PMS motor performances under the control systems are also investigated. It is elaborated that MPC is capable of controlling the motor under an optimal performance according to a defined objective function. DBC, on the other hand, provides a very fast response in a single operating cycle. Finally, combined control produces motor dynamics faster than one under VC, with a smoother performance than the one under DTC.

Academic Freedom and the Politics of Truth

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Academic Freedom ◽  
Democratic Deliberation ◽  
Public Mind ◽  
Epistemic Practice ◽  
The Public ◽  
The One ◽  
Rational Inquiry ◽  
The Ideal

This chapter argues that academic freedom is justified because it is an inherently epistemic practice that serves the ideals of democracy. With Dewey, it is argued that “The one thing that is inherent and essential [to the idea of a university] is the ideal of truth.” But far from being apolitical, the value of pursuing truth and knowledge—the value that justifies academic freedom, both within and without the public mind—is a fundamental democratic value, and for three reasons: the practices of academic inquiry exemplify rational inquiry of the kind needed for democratic deliberation; those practices serve to train students to pursue that kind of inquiry; and those practices are important engines of democratic dissent.

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