Advanced Automotive Engine Thermal Management: Simplified Diesel Engine Model and Experimental Validation

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Simoson ◽  
John R. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Management ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Combustion Chemistry ◽  
Automotive Engine ◽  
Power Characteristics ◽  
Engine Model

Diesel engines fulfill diverse demands in urban and rural areas throughout the world. While the advantages of compression ignition engines are superior to other internal combustion engines in torque generation and fuel efficiency, some diesel exhaust emissions pose health and environmental problems. Emission reduction techniques generally diminish one type of tailpipe gas yet often sacrifice engine performance and may even raise other emission levels. For instance, exhaust gas recirculation can reduce NOx emissions. However, the dilution of the combustion charge with hot inert exhaust gas hinders the engine’s power characteristics. To solve this problem, an EGR cooler allows the exhaust gases to be cooled prior to mixing with intake air allowing a denser cylinder charge for combustion. The effective application of cooled EGR requires a smart thermal management system. In this paper, a real time empirical and analytical model will be introduced to estimate the diesel engine’s overall performance. The simplified model considers the engine’s combustion chemistry, as well as the thermal, emissions, and rotational dynamics. Representative numerical and experimental test results are presented and discussed to validate the model. Eventually, an on-board computer controller will use this model to regulate the EGR valve’s functionality and the smart thermal system.

Novel Engine Cycle Enabling Partial Load Fuel Efficiency Beyond Full Load Conditions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjen de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Activation Technique ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Fuel Consumption Reduction ◽  
Partial Load ◽  
Consumption Reduction

Abstract Fuel consumption reduction and emission reductions in internal combustion engines (ICE) is a hot topic nowadays. An adaption of cylinder de-activation technique called ECONAMIQ over-expansion can be applied to engines to improve fuel efficiency. Using the pressure from the exhaust gas from the active cylinders, the ‘idle’ cylinders could be expanded to extract more work out of the engine during partial load operation. Using the virtual simulation environment GT-Power, this cycle is applied to a 4-cylinder SI engine. This engine model is simulated for a part load operation point and compared with a standard 4-cylinder engine model and 4-cylinder engine model equipped with cylinder de-activation. From these simulations various variables for engine operation (valve timing etc.) are optimized to further reduce fuel consumption of the engine. A final brake specific fuel consumption reduction of over 10% is achieved using the overexpansion cycle, while improving engine performance on two burning cylinders over 10% as well. With this improvement it is shown that the over-expansion cycle has a significant benefit compared to a standard ICE and cylinder de-activation techniques. These simulations are being validated on an engine test dyno using a natural aspirated ICE.

Diesel engine performance at the intake of the hydrogen&air mixture

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Motor Fuel ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Hydrocarbon Emissions ◽  
The Difference

The prospects of using hydrogen as a motor fuel are noted. The problems that arise when converting a diesel engine to run on hydrogen are considered. The features of the organization of the working process of enginesrunning on hydrogen are analyzed. A method of supplying a hydrogenair mixture to a diesel engine is investigated. To supply hydrogen to the engine cylinders, it is proposed to use the Leader4M installation developed by TechnoHill Club LLC (Moscow). Experimental studies of a stationary diesel engine of the D245.12 S type with the supply of hydrogen at the inlet obtained at this installation are carried out. At the maximum power mode, the supply of hydrogen from this installation to the inlet of the diesel engine under study was 0.9 % by weight (taking into account the difference in the calorific value of oil diesel fuel and hydrogen). Such a supply of hydrogen in the specified mode made it possible to increase the fuel efficiency of the diesel engine and reduce the smoke content of exhaust gases, carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbon emissions. Keywords internal combustion engines; diesel engine; diesel fuel; hydrogen; hydrogenair mixture; fuel efficiency; exhaust gas toxicity indicators

THE STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF INTAKE VALVE TIMING ON ENGINE USING CYLINDER DEACTIVATION TECHNIQUE VIA SIMULATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. Zainal Abidin ◽  
M. F. Muhamad Said ◽  
Z. Abdul Latiff ◽  
I. Zahari ◽  
M. Said
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Intake Valve ◽  
Cylinder Deactivation ◽  
Part Load ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Engine Efficiency ◽  
Load Conditions

There are many technologies that being developed to increase the efficiency of internal combustion engines as well as reducing their fuel consumption.  In this paper, the main area of focus is on cylinder deactivation (CDA) technology. CDA is mostly being applied on multi cylinders engines. CDA has the advantage to improve fuel consumption by reducing pumping losses at part load engine conditions. Here, the application of CDA on 1.6L four cylinders gasoline engine is studied. One-dimensional (1D) engine modeling work is performed to investigate the effect of intake valve strategy on engine performance with CDA. 1D engine model is constructed based on the 1.6L actual engine geometries. The model is simulated at various engine speeds at full load conditions. The simulated results show that the constructed model is well correlated to measured data. This correlated model is then used to investigate the CDA application at part load conditions. Also, the effects on the in-cylinder combustion as well as pumping losses are presented. The study shows that the effect of intake valve strategy is very significant on engine performance. Pumping losses is found to be reduced, thus improve fuel consumption and engine efficiency.

scholarly journals Energetic Analysis of the Aircraft Diesel Engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 05012
Author(s):  
Łukasz Grabowski ◽  
Konrad Pietrykowski ◽  
Paweł Karpiński
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Energetic Analysis

The analysis of the distribution of thermal energy generated during the combustion process in internal combustion engines and the estimation of individual losses are important regarding performance and efficiency. The article analyses the energy balance of the designed two-stroke opposed piston diesel engines with offset, i.e. the angle by which the crankshaft at the side of exhaust ports is ahead of the crankshaft at the side of intake ports. Based on the developed zero-dimensional engine model, a series of simulations were performed in steady-state conditions using the AVL BOOST software. The values of individual energy losses, including cooling losses, exhaust gas losses, friction losses were obtained. The influence of decreasing and increasing the offset on the performance of the tested engine was analysed.

Two-Stage Turbocharging Solutions for Tier 4 Rail Applications

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Bernasconi ◽  
Ennio Codan ◽  
David Yang ◽  
Pierre Jacoby ◽  
German Weisser
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Optimum Performance ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
High Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Turbocharging System

With the introduction of the EPA Tier 4 NOx emission limits for rail diesel engines this year, engine developers are forced to implement more advanced emission control technologies such as selective catalytic reduction (SCR) or cooled external exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). The integration and control of these systems for ensuring optimum performance throughout the operating range brings about new challenges on top of the well-known requirement for unconstrained operability in a very wide range of conditions. As a consequence, engines and their subsystems have to be designed for maximum flexibility. The turbocharging system in particular needs to be capable of dealing with extreme ambient conditions associated with high altitudes, hot summers, severe winters, tunnel operation, etc. This flexibility must be achieved without compromising reliability and while ensuring continuous in-use compliance with the emissions standards throughout the life of the installation. At the same time, engine performance should be maintained at the highest level possible. This study demonstrates that all of these targets can be met by combining two-stage turbocharging and EGR with suitable control elements. Two-stage turbocharging, which has become increasingly popular in other industry sectors due to its potential for improving the bsfc / NOx emissions trade-off when used in combination with correspondingly optimized valve actuation (Miller timing), is starting to be adopted also for rail applications. A variety of EGR concepts was proposed or put into practice over the past few years, and the most important or promising of these have been taken into consideration for this study. Extensive simulations of the resulting engine and turbocharging systems have been performed using ABB’s in-house simulation platform, based on a generic engine model that can be considered representative of the rail sector. It is shown that integration of EGR, two-stage turbocharging and appropriate control elements is highly attractive as it offers outstanding operational flexibility and very high fuel efficiency without any compromise in terms of reliability. The selection and specification of control elements and turbocharging system components depends on the EGR concept applied. As is shown below, this can be tailored to the application to ensure optimum performance and flexibility. In view of these obvious benefits, we are very confident that such integrated EGR / two-stage turbocharging systems will be adopted more widely on railway engines.

Airpath Controls of Turbocharged Diesel Engines With Disturbance Input Observers

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Shang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Disturbance Observer ◽  
Coupling Effect ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Emission Regulation ◽  
Classical Control ◽  
Intake Manifold Pressure

To achieve stringent emission regulation standard and deliver desired engine performance, modern diesel engines are equipped with an exhaust gas recirculation system and a turbocharger to regulate the fraction of exhaust gas and intake manifold pressure. Due to the actuator coupling effect and the high nonlinearity of the system behavior, it is difficult to apply classical control designs in such a case. To solve this issue, this paper presents a disturbance observer based approach for the airpath controls of turbocharged diesel engines. The disturbance observer is synthesized with the controller to compensate the unknown dynamics and system uncertainties of the engine plant that will make the controller more robust and less dependent on the accuracy of mathematical modeling. The performance of proposed observer and controller schemes are demonstrated by numerical simulation with a full order diesel engine model.

scholarly journals Conception of gear ratios selection between the engine and the electric machine in the hybrid drive systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 160 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
Kazimierz ROMANISZYN
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Electric Machine ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Hybrid Drive ◽  
Drive Systems ◽  
Fuel Consumption And Emissions

Modern vehicles with hybrid combustion-electric drive systems are an important element in the strategy for reducing fuel consumption and emissions of exhaust gas components. Determinant of the use and development is to achieve substantial benefits in terms of classical powertrain vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines. This paper presents the concept of kinematic ratio selection between the engine and the electric machine. This concept is based on the analysis of the internal combustion engine load caused by the resistances of motion and the best possible assessment of the additional load caused by the operation of the generator. It is proposed that the energy transferred to the generator was taken in a most preferred area of the engine performance characteristics and generator by changing kinematic ratio between the engine and the generator. The described concept can also be used for the recovery of vehicles braking energy.

scholarly journals Torque Prediction Model of a CI Engine for Agricultural Purposes Based on Exhaust Gas Temperatures and CFD-FVM Methodologies Validated with Experimental Tests

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3892
Author(s):  
Marco Bietresato ◽  
Francesco Selmo ◽  
Massimiliano Renzi ◽  
Fabrizio Mazzetto
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Exhaust Pipe ◽  
Maximum Relative Error ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Universal System

A truly universal system to optimize consumptions, monitor operation and predict maintenance interventions for internal combustion engines must be independent of onboard systems, if present. One of the least invasive methods of detecting engine performance involves the measurement of the exhaust gas temperature (EGT), which can be related to the instant torque through thermodynamic relations. The practical implementation of such a system requires great care since its torque-predictive capabilities are strongly influenced by the position chosen for the temperature-detection point(s) along the exhaust line, specific for each engine, the type of installation for the thermocouples, and the thermal characteristics of the interposed materials. After performing some preliminary tests at the dynamometric brake on a compression-ignition engine for agricultural purposes equipped with three thermocouples at different points in the exhaust duct, a novel procedure was developed to: (1) tune a CFD-FVM-model of the exhaust pipe and determine many unknown thermodynamic parameters concerning the engine (including the real EGT at the exhaust valve outlet in some engine operative conditions), (2) use the CFD-FVM results to considerably increase the predictive capability of an indirect torque-detection strategy based on the EGT. The joint use of the CFD-FVM software, Response Surface Method, and specific optimization algorithms was fundamental to these aims and granted the experimenters a full mastery of systems’ non-linearity and a maximum relative error on the torque estimations of 2.9%.

Control of hybrid boosting in highly diluted internal combustion engines

2020 ◽  
pp. 146808742092976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shima Nazari ◽  
Jason Siegel ◽  
Anna Stefanopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid System ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Boost Pressure ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Power Split ◽  
Gas Recirculation ◽  
Reference Governor

A novel hybrid system enabling both flexible supercharging and limited torque assist is studied to mitigate transient response challenges of a turbocharged spark ignition engine equipped with low pressure exhaust gas recirculation. The hybrid system, called a power split supercharger (SC), is configured with a planetary gear set that splits the supercharging power between a small low-voltage electric motor and the engine crankshaft. The air path controller relies on the coordination of four actuators on the engine side and three low-level actuators on the hybrid boosting device. A decentralized control scheme is used in this work, in which the master–slave structure of the boost pressure controller decreases the turbo-lag associated with exhaust gas recirculation, while minimizing the SC operation for fuel economy. A vector reference governor is used to prevent compressor surge during engine tip-outs. In addition, the desired intake manifold pressure is modified to provide time for evacuating the exhaust gas recirculation and avoiding misfires when transitioning to low load, while the hybrid capability of the power split SC is used to recuperate the unwanted generated power. All controllers are validated on both a mean value engine model and a high-fidelity engine model. Practical challenges of implementing the vector reference governor to the highly nonlinear engine air path with pressure pulsations originating from the engine reciprocation are discussed and some solutions are proposed.

Addition of Exhaust Gas Recirculation Onto a Large-Bore, Two-Stroke Natural Gas Engine, and its Effects on Fuel Consumption, Emissions, and Combustion

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Johnson ◽  
Marc Besch ◽  
Nathaniel Fowler ◽  
Robert Heltzel ◽  
April Covington
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Inertia ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Spark Plug ◽  
Spark Timing ◽  
Gas Recirculation

The focus of this research was to examine the effects of adding exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on a large bore 2-stroke, lean-burn natural gas (2SLB) engine in its stock configuration, using a previously determined optimal spark plug. EGR has been a common emissions reduction technology used for on-road gasoline, natural gas, and diesel fueled vehicles. EGR — both cooled and uncooled — is found in nearly all on-road and many off-road engines. The optimal spark plug was found in other research and it was tested with various rates of EGR. The test platform was a 1971 Cameron AJAX-E42 single-cylinder engine — common to the natural gas industry. The engine had a bore and stroke of 8.5 × 10 inches, respectively. The engine displacement was 567 cubic inches with a trapped compression ratio of 6:1. The engine was modified to include electronic spark plug timing capabilities along with a mass flow controller to ensure accurate fuel delivery. Each EGR configuration was examined at spark timings of 14, 11, and 8 CAD BTDC. Tests were conducted using an air-cooled, eddy-current power absorber at an engine speed of 525 RPM and load of 400 1b.-ft. of torque. Due to its large thermal inertia, the engine was operated for three hours prior to data collection to ensure representative and operation. In-cylinder pressure data were collected using a piezoelectric pressure transducer at increments of 0.25 CAD. Various levels of EGR and spark timing conditions were evaluated against engine performance including both regulated and unregulated exhaust emissions. Volumetric EGR rates of 2.5% showed reduced NOx emissions and improved fuel efficiency while rates of 5% did not yield NOx reductions.

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