Causes of Slip in a Continuously Variable Transmission

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songho Kim ◽  
Michael Peshkin ◽  
J. Edward Colgate
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Velocity Ratio ◽  
Continuously Variable Transmission ◽  
Lateral Loads ◽  
Measured Velocity ◽  
Traction Drive ◽  
The Face ◽  
Variable Transmission ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
The Ideal

Rotational CVTs (continuously varible transmissions) constrain the velocities of two rotational joints to a computer-controlled ratio. CVTs traction drive mechanisms that rely on the support of traction forces across rolling contracts. When called upon to transmit loads, CVTs produce a velocity ratio that departs from the ideal transmission ratio. This paper reports on the results of our analysis in pursuit of understanding the mechanics of the rotational CVT. We present the measured velocity ratios in the face of lateral loads at various transmission settings. In addition, wer present our model that closely fits the empirical data.

Constant Power Continuously Variable Transmission (CP-CVT): Operating Principle and Analysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. S. Cretu ◽  
R. P. Glovnea
Keyword(s):  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Rotation Axis ◽  
Continuously Variable Transmission ◽  
Constant Power ◽  
Traction Drive ◽  
Power Characteristics ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Output Torque ◽  
Variable Transmission ◽  
Toroidal Traction

The paper is the first of a series of papers that present an original constant power continuously variable transmission (CP-CVT) traction drive. This paper presents the basic functional principle and demonstrates the device’s characteristics of constant power. The device belongs to the well-known toroidal traction drive family. It comprises of two input discs, one conical and the other toroidal, a conical output disc, and a number of spherical balls. The rotation axis of each ball is self-adjusted according to its geometrical position relative to the input and output discs. A variation of the output torque makes the balls change their position relative to the discs and thus causes a change of the transmission ratio. The kinematics and dynamics of the balls are first performed and then the formulas that relate the power transmitted to the kinematics and geometric parameters are deducted. Finally it is concluded that the CP-CVT presented offers good functional steady power characteristics that could fit the automobile industry requirements.

Development of the Sphere-Toroidal Continuously Variable Transmission

2014 ◽  
Vol 986-987 ◽  
pp. 1315-1318
Author(s):  
Shun Min Wang ◽  
Zhuo Li ◽  
Xin Yu Wang ◽  
Xi Chao Li
Keyword(s):  
Continuously Variable Transmission ◽  
Traction Drive ◽  
Input Shaft ◽  
Variable Transmission ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Toroidal Traction

This paper describes a new genre of Toroidal-CVT system, called the Sphere-Toroidal Continuously Variable Transmission (STCVT), which is derived from the half-toroidal traction drive (TCVT) and introduces its structure and working principle. The torque transfers from the input shaft to the cross-axle universal shaft coupling connected with the driven shaft. By discussing the difference between the torque-transfer, the paper will show the possibility of the application in the vehicle. To conclude, the system has the potential to implement infinite extension for the CVT theoretically.

scholarly journals Esthetic Considerations in Orthodontics: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Singh ◽  
Litesh Singla ◽  
Tanya Anand
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Dental Occlusion ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
The Face ◽  
Facial Proportions ◽  
Posterior Position ◽  
Anterior Posterior ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract Esthetics has been an ever-evolving concept and has gained considerable importance in the field of orthodontics in the last few decades. The re-emergence of the soft tissue paradigm has further catapulted the interest of the orthodontist. So much so that achieving a harmonious profile and an esthetically pleasing smile has become the ideal goal of treatment and is no longer secondary to achieving a functional dental occlusion and/or a rigid adherence to skeletal and dental norms. Esthetics in the orthodontic sense can be divided into three categories: macroesthetics, miniesthetics, and microesthetics. Macroesthetics includes the evaluation of the face and involves frontal assessment and profile analysis. The frontal assessment involves assessment of facial proportions, while the profile analysis involves evaluation of anterior–posterior position of jaws, mandibular plane, and incisor prominence and lip posture. Miniesthetics involves study of the smile framework involving the vertical tooth–lip relationship, smile type, transverse dimensions of smile, smile arc, and midline. Microesthetics involves the assessment of tooth proportions, height-width relationships, connectors and embrasures, gingival contours and heights, and tooth shade and color. The harmony between these factors enables an orthodontist to achieve the idealized esthetic result and hence these parameters deserve due consideration. The importance placed on a pleasing profile cannot be undermined and the orthodontist should aim for a harmonious facial profile over rigid adherence to standard average cephalometric norms. This article aims to give an overview of the macro, mini, and microesthetic considerations in relation to orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.

Circadian tuning of motivation. A little organ of yesterday?

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Daan
Keyword(s):  
Internal State ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Animal Behaviour ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biological Clocks ◽  
Motivational Systems ◽  
Regulatory Principle ◽  
The Face ◽  
Temporal Organisation ◽  
The Ideal

The analysis of motivational systems underlying temporal organisation in animal behaviour has relied primarily on two conceptual functional frameworks: Homeostasis and biological clocks. Homeostasis is one of the most general and influential concepts in physiology. Walter Cannon introduced homeostasis as a universal regulatory principle which animals employ to maintain constancy of their ‘internal milieu’ in the face of challenges and perturbations from the external environment. Cannon spoke of “The Wisdom of the Body”, the collective of responses designed to defend the ideal internal state against those perturbations.

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