Effect of Coupled Rotations on Knee Joint Ligament Forces Under Drawer Loads in Flexion

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Moglo ◽  
A. Shirazi-Adl
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Cruciate Ligaments ◽  
Collateral Ligaments ◽  
Full Extension ◽  
Passive Joint ◽  
Minor Contribution ◽  
Joint Flexion ◽  
A Minor

A validated non-linear 3-D finite element model of human tibiofemoral joint was utilized to investigate the effect of constraint on tibial coupled internal-external and varus-valgus rotations on the passive joint response and force in ligaments under 100N drawer loads at different flexion angles. The model consisted of two bony structures and their articular cartilage layers, menisci and four principal ligaments. For the cruciate ligaments, the results showed that, in the fully unconstrained joint, ACL force decreased with flexion but remained as the primary ligament to resist the posterior femoral load throughout the range of flexion considered. A further significant decrease in ACL force with flexion angle was computed as the joint coupled rotations were constrained. As for PCL ligament, a minor contribution was at full extension under 100N anterior femoral load which further decreased as the coupled rotations were constrained. With joint flexion up to 90°, PCL force, however in contrast to ACL force, substantially increased in both constrained and unconstrained joints. Collateral ligaments, in the unconstrained joint at full extension, were the primary structures to resist the anterior femoral load but had negligible role in posterior-directed load. With joint flexion up to 90°, however, forces in collateral ligaments diminished. Similar trends were computed after fixing coupled tibial rotations with the exception of much greater LCL force and smaller MCL force at full extension under femoral anterior load and larger MCL force in flexion.

On a Refined Finite Element Model of the Knee Joint

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Moglo ◽  
A. Shirazi-Adl
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Force Transmission ◽  
Full Extension ◽  
Human Knee Joint ◽  
Coupled Response ◽  
Nonlinear Finite Element Model

Abstract A refined 3D elastostatic nonlinear finite element model was developed for the human knee joint in other to predict the passive global primary/coupled response and force transmission mechanism under various loads/movements and pathologic conditions. The joint geometry was based on an existing model (Bendjaballah et al., 1995) which was substantially refined in the articular cartilage and menisci regions as well as the articulating contact surfaces. The articular cartilage is subdivided into two layers along the depth allowing for the possibility to consider non homogeneity in mechanical propreties. The incremental response of the knee joint was evaluated under axial force of up to 780 N applied on the femur in full extension position. The global primary/coupled response, ligament forces as well as load transmission in medial/lateral plateaus through menisci and uncovered cartilage are analysed.

scholarly journals Biomechanical characteristics of tibio-femoral joint after partial medial meniscectomy in different flexion angles: a finite element analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Zhang ◽  
Shuo Yuan ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Bagen Liao ◽  
De Liang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Medial Meniscus ◽  
Lateral Meniscus ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Joint Stress ◽  
Tibiofemoral Joint

Abstract Background Recent studies have pointed out that arthroscopy, the commonly-used surgical procedure for meniscal tears, may lead to an elevated risk of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). The biomechanical factors of KOA can be clarified by the biomechanical analysis after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM). This study aimed to elucidate the cartilage stress and meniscus displacement of the tibiofemoral joint under flexion and rotation loads after APM. Methods A detailed finite element model of the knee bone, cartilage, meniscus, and major ligaments was established by combining computed tomography and magnetic resonance images. Vertical load and front load were applied to simulate different knee buckling angles. At the same time, by simulating flexion of different degrees and internal and external rotations, the stresses on tibiofemoral articular cartilage and meniscus displacement were evaluated. Results Generally, the contact stress on both the femoral tibial articular cartilage and the meniscus increased with the increased flexion degree. Moreover, the maximum stress on the tibial plateau gradually moved backward. The maximum position shift value of the lateral meniscus was larger than that of the medial meniscus. Conclusion Our finite element model provides a realistic three-dimensional model to evaluate the influence of different joint range of motion and rotating tibiofemoral joint stress distribution. The decreased displacement of the medial meniscus may explain the higher pressure on the knee components. These characteristics of the medial tibiofemoral joint indicate the potential biomechanical risk of knee degeneration.

A Finite Element Model of the Human Knee Joint for the Study of Tibio-Femoral Contact

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tammy L. Haut Donahue ◽  
M. L. Hull ◽  
Mark M. Rashid ◽  
Christopher R. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Contact Behavior ◽  
Element Size ◽  
Solid Models ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Three Dimensional Coordinate

As a step towards developing a finite element model of the knee that can be used to study how the variables associated with a meniscal replacement affect tibio-femoral contact, the goals of this study were 1) to develop a geometrically accurate three-dimensional solid model of the knee joint with special attention given to the menisci and articular cartilage, 2) to determine to what extent bony deformations affect contact behavior, and 3) to determine whether constraining rotations other than flexion/extension affects the contact behavior of the joint during compressive loading. The model included both the cortical and trabecular bone of the femur and tibia, articular cartilage of the femoral condyles and tibial plateau, both the medial and lateral menisci with their horn attachments, the transverse ligament, the anterior cruciate ligament, and the medial collateral ligament. The solid models for the menisci and articular cartilage were created from surface scans provided by a noncontacting, laser-based, three-dimensional coordinate digitizing system with an root mean squared error (RMSE) of less than 8 microns. Solid models of both the tibia and femur were created from CT images, except for the most proximal surface of the tibia and most distal surface of the femur which were created with the three-dimensional coordinate digitizing system. The constitutive relation of the menisci treated the tissue as transversely isotropic and linearly elastic. Under the application of an 800 N compressive load at 0 degrees of flexion, six contact variables in each compartment (i.e., medial and lateral) were computed including maximum pressure, mean pressure, contact area, total contact force, and coordinates of the center of pressure. Convergence of the finite element solution was studied using three mesh sizes ranging from an average element size of 5 mm by 5 mm to 1 mm by 1 mm. The solution was considered converged for an average element size of 2 mm by 2 mm. Using this mesh size, finite element solutions for rigid versus deformable bones indicated that none of the contact variables changed by more than 2% when the femur and tibia were treated as rigid. However, differences in contact variables as large as 19% occurred when rotations other than flexion/extension were constrained. The largest difference was in the maximum pressure. Among the principal conclusions of the study are that accurate finite element solutions of tibio-femoral contact behavior can be obtained by treating the bones as rigid. However, unrealistic constraints on rotations other than flexion/extension can result in relatively large errors in contact variables.

scholarly journals Simulating the Growth of Articular Cartilage Explants in a Permeation Bioreactor to Aid in Experimental Protocol Design

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy P. Ficklin ◽  
Andrew Davol ◽  
Stephen M. Klisch
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Cartilage Explants ◽  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Cartilage Growth ◽  
Growth Laws ◽  
Competing Hypotheses

Recently a cartilage growth finite element model (CGFEM) was developed to solve nonhomogeneous and time-dependent growth boundary-value problems (Davol et al., 2008, “A Nonlinear Finite Element Model of Cartilage Growth,” Biomech. Model. Mechanobiol., 7, pp. 295–307). The CGFEM allows distinct stress constitutive equations and growth laws for the major components of the solid matrix, collagens and proteoglycans. The objective of the current work was to simulate in vitro growth of articular cartilage explants in a steady-state permeation bioreactor in order to obtain results that aid experimental design. The steady-state permeation protocol induces different types of mechanical stimuli. When the specimen is initially homogeneous, it directly induces homogeneous permeation velocities and indirectly induces nonhomogeneous solid matrix shear stresses; consequently, the steady-state permeation protocol is a good candidate for exploring two competing hypotheses for the growth laws. The analysis protocols were implemented through the alternating interaction of the two CGFEM components: poroelastic finite element analysis (FEA) using ABAQUS and a finite element growth routine using MATLAB. The CGFEM simulated 12 days of growth for immature bovine articular cartilage explants subjected to two competing hypotheses for the growth laws: one that is triggered by permeation velocity and the other by maximum shear stress. The results provide predictions for geometric, biomechanical, and biochemical parameters of grown tissue specimens that may be experimentally measured and, consequently, suggest key biomechanical measures to analyze as pilot experiments are performed. The combined approach of CGFEM analysis and pilot experiments may lead to the refinement of actual experimental protocols and a better understanding of in vitro growth of articular cartilage.

Characterization of articular cartilage by combining microscopic analysis with a fibril-reinforced finite-element model

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1862-1870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petro Julkunen ◽  
Panu Kiviranta ◽  
Wouter Wilson ◽  
Jukka S. Jurvelin ◽  
Rami K. Korhonen
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Finite Element Model ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Element Model

Development of a 3-D Non-Linear Finite Element Model of Human Knee Joint

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhua Song ◽  
Richard E. Debski ◽  
Jorge Gil ◽  
Savio L.-Y. Woo
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Full Extension ◽  
Human Knee ◽  
Human Knee Joint ◽  
Non Linear

A 3-D finite element (FE) model of the knee is needed to more accurately analyze the kinematics of a knee joint as well as the function of various soft tissues such as ligaments. The data obtained can provide a better understanding of mechanisms of injury and offer valuable information for ligament reconstruction and rehabilitation protocols. The objective of this study was to develop a 3-D non-linear FE model of a human knee and determine its kinematics and the force and stress distributions within the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in response to anterior tibial loads at full extension. This model was validated by comparing the computed results to data obtained experimentally by a Robotic/UFS testing system [1].

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