Reciprocating Battery Cooling for Hybrid and Fuel Cell Vehicles

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanwoo Park ◽  
Arun K. Jaura
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Coolant Flow ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicles ◽  
Temperature Differential ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
Cooling Method

Traction batteries for hybrid and fuel cell vehicles must maintain temperatures within operational limits for longer battery lifetime and better performance. The uneven battery temperature due to improper heat transfer during discharging/charging could accumulate battery degradation on hot cells resulting in early failure of the battery pack. Current battery systems use a unidirectional coolant flow for battery thermal management. However, due to the nature of the cooling method, the unidirectional cooling systems are prone to show a largest temperature differential ΔTs between the battery cells at fixed flow boundaries, although sophisticated thermal/fluid designs are implemented to make the battery temperature uniform. Here, an innovative battery cooling method ([1]) using a reciprocating cooling flow is proposed. The reciprocating cooling system switches the coolant flow direction periodically by a valve-fan mechanism. By switching the flow direction periodically and thus the cold and hot boundaries of the battery cooling system, the battery cell temperatures are regulated with a very small fluctuation and the temperature differential ΔTs is drastically reduced. In hybrid electric vehicle and fuel cell vehicle applications, the cooling improvement using the new concept would set battery cooling system free of auxiliary air-conditioning system. Parametric study shows that using the reciprocating cooling system for a Li-Ion battery system, an optimum reciprocating period to minimize temperature differential ΔTs and maximum battery temperature Ts,max exists.

scholarly journals Newly Developed Motor Cooling Method Using Refrigerant

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Hidemasa Fujita ◽  
Atsushi Itoh ◽  
Tohru Urano
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cooling Performance ◽  
Cooling Method ◽  
Motor Cooling

One of the greatest issues for electric vehicles such as an electric vehicle (EV), a hybrid vehicle (HV), a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) and a fuel cell vehicle (FCV) is further improvement of effective motor cooling, since higher rated torque is achieved with higher cooling performance. In this paper, we introduce and propose a newly developed motor cooling method we tested using refrigerant, comparing with conventional water cooling. Test results show higher cooling performance of refrigerant cooling, which achieved the rated torque 60% higher than that of water cooling.

scholarly journals A Review of Hydrogen Purification Technologies for Fuel Cell Vehicles

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Zhemin Du ◽  
Congmin Liu ◽  
Junxiang Zhai ◽  
Xiuying Guo ◽  
Yalin Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Impurity Content ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Hydrogen Purification ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicles ◽  
Low Carbon

Nowadays, we face a series of global challenges, including the growing depletion of fossil energy, environmental pollution, and global warming. The replacement of coal, petroleum, and natural gas by secondary energy resources is vital for sustainable development. Hydrogen (H2) energy is considered the ultimate energy in the 21st century because of its diverse sources, cleanliness, low carbon emission, flexibility, and high efficiency. H2 fuel cell vehicles are commonly the end-point application of H2 energy. Owing to their zero carbon emission, they are gradually replacing traditional vehicles powered by fossil fuel. As the H2 fuel cell vehicle industry rapidly develops, H2 fuel supply, especially H2 quality, attracts increasing attention. Compared with H2 for industrial use, the H2 purity requirements for fuel cells are not high. Still, the impurity content is strictly controlled since even a low amount of some impurities may irreversibly damage fuel cells’ performance and running life. This paper reviews different versions of current standards concerning H2 for fuel cell vehicles in China and abroad. Furthermore, we analyze the causes and developing trends for the changes in these standards in detail. On the other hand, according to characteristics of H2 for fuel cell vehicles, standard H2 purification technologies, such as pressure swing adsorption (PSA), membrane separation and metal hydride separation, were analyzed, and the latest research progress was reviewed.

Investigation of Parameter Effect to Performance of Battery's Cooling System

2012 ◽  
Vol 538-541 ◽  
pp. 2015-2019
Author(s):  
Zhen Zhe Li ◽  
Xiao Ming Pan ◽  
Ming Ren ◽  
Mei Qin Li ◽  
Gui Ying Shen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Hybrid Electric

With the heightened concern for energy consumption and environment conservation, the interest on fuel cell HEV (hybrid electric vehicle) has been greatly increased. In this study, a numerical model for the cooling system of batteries was constructed. Using the constructed analysis model, the material of the cartridge and the cartridge width were checked for improving the performance of the cooling system of batteries. The performance was changed by using different cartridge material, and the cartridge width also has an effect to the performance of the cooling system of batteries as shown in the analysis results. The constructed model and method can be used to investigate the performance of the cooling system of batteries.

scholarly journals A proposed fuel cell vehicle for reducing CO2 emissions and its contribution to reducing greenhouse gas emissions

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mourad
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicles ◽  
Gas Emissions

Because of their high efficiency and low emissions, fuel cell vehicles are undergoing extensive research and development. When considering the introduction of advanced vehicles, a complete evaluation must be performed to determine the potential impact of a technology on carbon dioxide (CO2) and greenhouse gases emissions. However, the reduction of CO2 emission from the vehicle became the most important objective for all researches institutes of vehicle technologies worldwide. There interest recently to find unconventional methods to reduce greenhouse gas emission from vehicle to keep the environment clean. This paper offers an overview and simulation study to fuel cell vehicles, with the aim of introducing their main advantages and evaluates their influence on emissions of carbon dioxide from fuel cell vehicle and compares advanced propulsion technologies on a well-to-wheel energy basis by using current technology for conventional and fuel cell. The results indicate that the use of fuel cells, and especially fuel cells that consume hydrogen, provide a good attempt for enhancing environment quality and reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Moreover, the emission reduction percentage of fuel cell vehicle reaches to 64% comparing to the conventional vehicle. Keywords: Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle, Performance, Simulation, Driving Cycle, CO2 Emissions, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Fuel Consumption.

scholarly journals Hydrogen Fuel Cell Road Vehicles: State of the Art and Perspectives

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Bethoux
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicles ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽  
Niche Markets ◽  
Long Distance

Driven by a small number of niche markets and several decades of application research, fuel cell systems (FCS) are gradually reaching maturity, to the point where many players are questioning the interest and intensity of its deployment in the transport sector in general. This article aims to shed light on this debate from the road transport perspective. It focuses on the description of the fuel cell vehicle (FCV) in order to understand its assets, limitations and current paths of progress. These vehicles are basically hybrid systems combining a fuel cell and a lithium-ion battery, and different architectures are emerging among manufacturers, who adopt very different levels of hybridization. The main opportunity of Fuel Cell Vehicles is clearly their design versatility based on the decoupling of the choice of the number of Fuel Cell modules and hydrogen tanks. This enables manufacturers to meet various specifications using standard products. Upcoming developments will be in line with the crucial advantage of Fuel Cell Vehicles: intensive use in terms of driving range and load capacity. Over the next few decades, long-distance heavy-duty vehicles and fleets of taxis or delivery vehicles will develop based on range extender or mild hybrid architectures and enable the hydrogen sector to mature the technology from niche markets to a large-scale market.

Causal Fuel Cell System Model Suitable for Transportation Simulation Applications

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Loïc Boulon ◽  
Marie-Cécile Péra ◽  
Philippe Delarue ◽  
Alain Bouscayrol ◽  
Daniel Hissel
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Power Converter ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell ◽  
Fuel Cell System ◽  
Vehicle Simulation ◽  
Control Rules ◽  
Transportation Simulation

This paper presents a model of a whole polymer electrolyte fuel cell system including the stack, an air compressor, a cooling system, and a power converter. This model allows its integration in a complete hybrid electric vehicle simulation. The level of detail of the model is chosen to enable control rules design, ancillaries sizing, and study of the interaction between the components of the vehicle. This model is formalized with energetic macroscopic representation, thus organized in a unified multidomain graphical description. Experimental results are compared to simulations for validation of the model accuracy.

scholarly journals Medium and Long-term Sales Forecast of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles (HFCV) Based on System Dynamics and Discrete Selection Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 02037
Author(s):  
Liqing Shao ◽  
Xudong Li ◽  
Shouxi Wu
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Selection Model ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicles ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles

Developing hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is an important direction for the transformation and upgrading of automobile industry, but its current development is not clear yet. This paper uses a discrete selection model and a system dynamics model to analyze the key factors affecting the sales of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, and analyze the vehicle purchasing behavior of consumers. The medium and long-term sales volume of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is predicted in various typical scenarios. The forecast results show that the government subsidies and changes in the number of hydrogen refueling stations have a great influence on the medium and long-term sales of hydrogen fuel cells. The energy prices and the breakthrough in the core technologies of key components also have a certain influence on future sales.

scholarly journals Research on Hydrogen Consumption and Driving Range of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle under the CLTC-P Condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Zhijie Duan ◽  
Nan Mei ◽  
Lili Feng ◽  
Shuguang Yu ◽  
Zengyou Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽  
Test Time ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicles ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Consumption ◽  
Vehicle Operation ◽  
Fundamental Reason

Hydrogen consumption and mileage are important economic indicators of fuel cell vehicles. Hydrogen consumption is the fundamental reason that restricts mileage. Since there are few quantitative studies on hydrogen consumption during actual vehicle operation, the high cost of hydrogen consumption in outdoor testing makes it impossible to guarantee the accuracy of the test. Therefore, this study puts forward a test method based on the hydrogen consumption of fuel cell vehicles under CLTC-P operating conditions to test the hydrogen consumption of fuel cell vehicles per 100 km. Finally, the experiment shows that the mileage calculated by hydrogen consumption has a higher consistency with the actual mileage. Based on this hydrogen consumption test method, the hydrogen consumption can be accurately measured, and the test time and cost can be effectively reduced.

scholarly journals Hydrogen pump for hydrogen recirculation in fuel cell vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 155 ◽  
pp. 01001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilhelm Wiebe ◽  
Thomas v. Unwerth ◽  
Sven Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Modular Design ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽  
Minimal Amount ◽  
Fuel Cell Vehicles ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Vehicle Type ◽  
Hydrogen Pump

A promising alternative to fossil-fuelled vehicles are battery-powered vehicles and fuel cell (FC) vehicles. The major differences between fuel cell and battery-powered vehicles are the range and refuelling times of each vehicle type. With a hydrogen (Hed vehicles are the range and refuelling times of each vehicle type. With a hydrogen (H2) fuelling time of approx. 5 minutes it is possible to cover a distance of up to 800 km with a fuel cell vehicle. These properties make a fuel cell vehicle comparable to a fossil fuel powered vehicle. Furthermore, due to short fuelling times and long range capabilities, fuel cell vehicles are more suitable for long-distance, trucking and agriculture than battery-powered vehicles. The aim of current research is to increase the profitability of fuel cells by reducing costs and improving performance. To ensure a high performance of the fuel cell stack, more hydrogen is supplied to the stack than is needed for the reaction. Therefore, unused hydrogen is pumped back to the anode inlet of the FC-stack using a jet pump or a recirculation blower. In this study, the application of an electrochemical compressor or hydrogen pump (HP) for hydrogen recirculation is suggested. The hydrogen pump is an innovative H2 transport technology with the additional functions of compression and purification in the recirculation system. Hydrogen pumps are very efficient compared to mechanical compressors due to the almost isothermal conditions they operate under. Furthermore, due to the modular design, hydrogen compressors can utilize a minimal amount of space in vehicles.

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