Elastic Modulus of Pb/Sn Solder Joints in Microelectronics

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cemal Basaran ◽  
Jianbin Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Solder Alloy ◽  
Ultrasonic Testing ◽  
Heterogeneous Materials ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Nano Indentation ◽  
Deformation Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

Young’s modulus (E) values published in literature for the eutectic Pb37/Sn63 and near eutectic Pb40/Sn60 solder alloy vary significantly. One reason for this discrepancy is different testing methods for highly rate sensitive heterogeneous materials, like Pb/Sn alloys, yield different results. In this paper, we study different procedures used to obtain the elastic modulus; analytically, by single crystal elasticity and experimentally by ultrasonic testing and Nano indentation. We compare these procedures and propose a procedure for elastic modulus determination. The deformation kinetics of the Pb/Sn solder alloys is discussed at the grain size level.

Deformation Kinetics in Cu/Ta Nanoscale Multilayers

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Wang ◽  
P. Huang ◽  
M. Xu ◽  
T. J. Lu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Strain Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Nanoindentation Test ◽  
Nanocrystalline Metals ◽  
Deformation Kinetics ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Kinetics Of

Intensive research has been carried out on two key parameters important for interpreting the deformation kinetics of nanocrystalline metals, i.e., strain rate sensitivity and activation volume. Other than nanocrystalline metals, however, only a few recent studies focus on evaluating the two parameters for nanoscale multilayers that also possess nanoscale grain size. Using transmission electron microscope and nanoindentation test, we study the deformation behavior of nanoscale Cu/Ta multilayers having modulation period of 140 nm and 18 nm, respectively. The microstructure, grain size and strain rate sensitivity of the nanoscale multilayer subjected to nanoindentation are examined to explore its deformation mechanisms. It is established that the strain rate sensitivity of nanoscale Cu/Ta multilayers differ from those of nanocrystalline metals. The implications of these findings for the mechanical properties of nanoscale multilayers are discussed.

Low Temperature Sintering and Deformation of Nanocrystalline TiO2

1990 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hahn ◽  
J. Logas ◽  
H. J. Höfler ◽  
P. Kurath ◽  
R. S. Averback
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Pressureless Sintering ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Low Temperature Sintering ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Nanocrystalline Tio2 ◽  
Deformation Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
And Diffusion

ABSTRACTThe sintering and deformation kinetics of nanocrystalline (n-) TiO2 were studied. It was found that pressureless sintering yields densities above 95 % with modest increase in grain size whereas pressure assisted sintering (1GPa) results in high density samples without grain growth. In addition compression tests were performed. Large true strains up to 0.6 and strain rates as high as 8 × 10−5 s−1 were observed at 810 °C without fracturing. The sintering and creep results are discussed in terms of the microstructure and diffusion coefficients in n-TiO2.

Study of potential oscillations during reaction of an aluminium single crystal with an aqueous KOH solution

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Halaša ◽  
Milica Miadoková
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Periodic Potential ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Potential Oscillations ◽  
Dilute Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Kinetics Of

The authors investigated periodic potential changes measured on oriented sections of Al single crystals during spontaneous dissolution in dilute aqueous solutions of KOH, with the aim to find optimum conditions for the formation of potential oscillations. It was found that this phenomenon is related with the kinetics of the reaction investigated, whose rate also changed periodically. The mechanism of the oscillations is discussed in view of the experimental findings.

INHOMOGENEOUS LARGE DEFORMATION KINETICS OF POLYMERIC GELS

2013 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 1350001 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM TOH ◽  
ZISHUN LIU ◽  
TENG YONG NG ◽  
WEI HONG
Keyword(s):  
Large Deformation ◽  
Soft Matter ◽  
Inner Core ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Simplified Approach ◽  
Deformation Kinetics ◽  
Polymeric Gels ◽  
Kinetics Of

This work examines the dynamics of nonlinear large deformation of polymeric gels, and the kinetics of gel deformation is carried out through the coupling of existing hyperelastic theory for gels with kinetic laws for diffusion of small molecules. As finite element (FE) models for the transient swelling process is not available in commercial FE software, we develop a customized FE model/methodology which can be used to simulate the transient swelling process of hydrogels. The method is based on the similarity between diffusion and heat transfer laws by determining the equivalent thermal properties for gel kinetics. Several numerical examples are investigated to explore the capabilities of the present FE model, namely: a cube to study free swelling; one-dimensional constrained swelling; a rectangular block fixed to a rigid substrate to study swelling under external constraints; and a thin annulus fixed at the inner core to study buckling phenomena. The simulation results for the constrained block and one-dimensional constrained swelling are compared with available experimental data, and these comparisons show a good degree of similarity. In addition to this work providing a valuable tool to researchers for the study of gel kinetic deformation in the various applications of soft matter, we also hope to inspire works to adopt this simplified approach, in particular to kinetic studies of diffusion-driven mechanisms.

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