Processing and Properties of Nanostructured Magnetic Materials

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kumar ◽  
S. Yarmolenko ◽  
J. Sankar ◽  
J. Narayan ◽  
A. Tiwari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Magnetic Hysteresis ◽  
Single Domain ◽  
Dead Layer ◽  
Blocking Temperature ◽  
Ferromagnetic Behavior ◽  
Ni Nanoparticles ◽  
Interface Control ◽  
Individual Grains ◽  
Oxygen Bond

We report here a novel thin film processing method based upon pulsed laser deposition to process nanocrystalline materials with accurate size and interface control with improved mechanical and magnetic properties. Using this method, single domain nanocrystalline Fe and Ni particles in 5–10 nm size range embedded in amorphous alumina as well as crystalline TiN have been produced. By controlling the size distribution in confined layers, it was possible to tune the magnetic properties from superparamagnetic to ferromagnetic behavior. Magnetic hysteresis characteristics below the blocking temperature are consistent with single-domain behavior. The paper also presents our results from investigations in which scanning transmission electron microscopy with atomic number contrast (STEM-Z) and energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) were used to understand the atomic structure of Ni nanoparticles and interface between the nanoparticles and the surrounding matrices. It was interesting to learn from EELS measurements at interfaces of individual grains that Ni in alumina matrix does not from an ionic bond indicating the absence of metal-oxygen bond at the interface. The absence of metal-oxygen bond, in turn, suggests the absence of any dead layer on Ni nanoparticles even in an oxide matrix.

Tunable Magnetic and Mechanical Properties in Metal Ceramic Composite Thin Films

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kumar ◽  
J. Sankar ◽  
J. Narayan ◽  
A. Kvit
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Quantum Interference ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Magnetic Hysteresis ◽  
Single Domain ◽  
Blocking Temperature ◽  
Research Activities

Abstract Presently a wide spread of research activities is pursued in the area of theoretical, computational and experimental aspects of vibration studies in laminated composite structures with embedded or surface bonded smart layers in order to improve the performance of components in aerospace, mechanical, robotics, and electronic equipments. The key to the successful fabrication of these components with improved properties is the development of smart materials by materials engineering and understanding the fundamentals of materials science. It is in this context that we have developed a novel smart thin film processing method based upon pulsed laser deposition to process nanocrystalline materials with accurate size and interface control with improved mechanical and magnetic properties. Using this method, single domain nanocrystalline Fe and Ni particles in 5–10 nm size range embedded in amorphous as well as crystalline alumina have been produced. By controlling the size distribution in confined layers, it was possible to tune the magnetic properties from superparamagnetic to ferromagnetic in a controlled way. Magnetization measurements of these thin film composites as function of field and temperature were carried out using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer. Magnetic hysteresis characteristics below the blocking temperature are consistent with single-domain behavior. Mechanical properties were measured using nano-indentation measurements. The hardness of the Fe and Ni-Al2O3 nanocomposites was found to vary strongly with the size do Fe and Ni nanodots in the alumina matrix. For example, the hardness of Fe-Al2O3 system increased from 15 GPa to 28 GPa when the size of Fe dots in alumina was increased from 5 nm to 9 nm. It is envisioned that this types of smart films can be used in magnetic recording, ferrofluid technology, magnetocaloric refrigeration, biomedicine, biotechnology, aerospace applications where hard and wear-resistant coatings are also very important for its survival.

Magnetic Properties of Ni Nanoparticles Embedded in Amorphous SiO2

2002 ◽  
Vol 746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio C. Fonseca ◽  
Gerardo F. Goya ◽  
Renato F. Jardim ◽  
Reginaldo Muccillo ◽  
Neftalí L. V. Carreño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Excellent Agreement ◽  
Magnetic Moments ◽  
Magnetic Hysteresis ◽  
Blocking Temperature ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Ni Nanoparticles ◽  
Tem Analysis

ABSTRACTA modified sol-gel technique was used to synthesize nanocomposites of Ni:SiO2 which resulted in Ni nanoparticles embedded in a SiO2 amorphous matrix. Transmission electron microscopy TEM analysis were performed to study the structure and morphology of the magnetic powders. The Ni particles were found to have a good dispersion and a controlled particle size distribution, with average particle radius of ∼ 3 nm. A detailed characterization of the magnetic properties was done through magnetization measurements M(T,H) in applied magnetic fields up to ± 7 T and for temperatures ranging from 2 to 300 K. The superparamagnetic (SPM) behavior of these metallic nanoparticles was inferred from the temperature dependence of the magnetization. The blocking temperature TB, as low as 20 K, was found to be dependent on Ni concentration, increasing with increasing Ni content. The SPM behavior above the blocking temperature TB was confirmed by the collapse of M/MS vs. H/T data in universal curves. These curves were fitted to a log-normal weighted Langevin function allowing us to determine the distribution of magnetic moments. Using the fitted magnetic moments and the Ni saturation magnetization, the radii of spherical particles were determined to be close to ∼ 3 nm, in excellent agreement with TEM analysis. Also, magnetic hysteresis loops were found to be symmetric along the field axis with no shift via exchange bias, suggesting that Ni particles are free from an oxide layer. In addition, for the most diluted samples, the magnetic behavior of these Ni nanoparticles is in excellent agreement with the predictions of randomly oriented and noninteracting magnetic particles. This was confirmed by the temperature dependence of the coercivity field that obeys the relation HC(T) = HC0 [1-(T/TB)1/2] below TB with HC0 ∼ 780 Oe.

scholarly journals Iron-Doped Lithium Tantalate Thin Films Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering: A Study of the Iron Role in the Structure and the Derived Magnetic Properties

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio David Villalobos Mendoza ◽  
José Trinidad Holguín Momaca ◽  
José Trinidad Elizalde Galindo ◽  
Diana María Carrillo Flores ◽  
Sion Federico Olive Méndez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Magnetic Hysteresis ◽  
Hysteresis Loops ◽  
Blocking Temperature ◽  
Ferromagnetic Behavior ◽  
Zero Field ◽  
Cooling Curves ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Field Cooling

Fe-doped LiTaO3 thin films with a low and high Fe concentration (labeled as LTO:Fe-LC and LTO:Fe-HC, respectively) were deposited by magnetron sputtering from two home-made targets. The dopant directly influenced the crystalline structure of the LiTaO3 thin films, causing the contraction of the unit cell, which was related to the incorporation of Fe3+ ions into the LiTaO3 structure, which occupied Li positions. This substitution was corroborated by Raman spectroscopy, where the bands associated with Li-O bonds broadened in the spectra of the samples. Magnetic hysteresis loops, zero-field cooling curves, and field cooling curves were obtained in a vibrating sample magnetometer. The LTO:Fe-HC sample demonstrates superparamagnetic behavior with a blocking temperature of 100 K, mainly associated with the appearance of Fe clusters in the thin film. On the other hand, a room temperature ferromagnetic behavior was found in the LTO:Fe-LC layer where saturation magnetization (3.80 kAm−1) and magnetic coercivities were not temperature-dependent. Moreover, the crystallinity and morphology of the samples were evaluated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively.

Effect of M-Type Hexaferrites on Mechanical and Magnetic Properties of Hydroxyapatite Ceramics

2017 ◽  
Vol 751 ◽  
pp. 611-616
Author(s):  
Rewadee Wongmaneerung
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Magnetic Hysteresis ◽  
Hysteresis Loops ◽  
Barium Hexaferrite ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Strontium Hexaferrite ◽  
Ferromagnetic Behavior ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Ceramics ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Co Precipitation

The overall aim of this study is to establish the inter-relationships between phase formations, mechanical properties and magnetic properties of the novel ceramic in hydroxyapatite system for biomaterial applications. First, barium hexaferrite and strontium hexaferrite powders were prepared as M-type hexaferrite phases. Hydroxyapatite was prepared from cockle shells via co-precipitation method. After that, a combination between hydroxyapatite+barium hexaferrite and hydroxyapatite+strontium hexaferrite was mixed together then shaping and sintering at 1200 °C for 2 h. The sintered samples were characterized phase formation, mechanical and magnetic properties by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Universal testing and VSM measurements, respectively. XRD patterns for all samples showed a combination between hydroxyapatite and hexaferrite phases. Compressive strength of all samples tends to increase with increasing of the amount of hexaferrite phases due to densification mechanism. However, the increasing of these values, it appears that there is no difference in the statistical significant. For magnetic properties, the coexistence of barium hexaferrite and strontium hexaferrite phases reveals magnetic hysteresis loops, showing the change from diamagnetic to ferromagnetic behavior.

Microstructural and Magnetic Properties on Graphitic Encapsulated Ni Nanocrystals and Pure Ni Nanoparticles with NiO Layer

1999 ◽  
Vol 581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangcheng Suns ◽  
M. Jose Yacamana ◽  
F. Morales
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Nickel Nanoparticles ◽  
Blocking Temperature ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Zero Field ◽  
Ni Nanoparticles ◽  
Ferromagnetic Interaction ◽  
Zero Field Cooling ◽  
Field Cooling

ABSTRACTTwo kinds of different nickel nanoparticles with distinct morphological properties, Ni(C) and Ni(O), are studied. Magnetization measurements for the assembly of two kinds of Ni nanoparticles show, a larger coercivity and remanence as well as the deviation between the zero field cooling (ZFC) and the field cooling (FC) magnetization have been observed in the Ni(O) particles. This deviation may be explained as a typical cluster glass-like behavior due to ferromagnetic interaction among the assembly of Ni(O) particles. However, Ni(C) particles exhibit superparamagnetism at room temperature. The average blocking temperature (TB) is determined to around 115K. We also observe gradual decrease in saturation magnetization, which is attributed to the nanocrystalline nature of the encapsulated particles.

scholarly journals Magnetic properties of iron oxide nanoparticles with a DMSA-modified surface

2021 ◽  
Vol 242 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Winiarczyk ◽  
W. Gac ◽  
M. Góral-Kowalczyk ◽  
Z. Surowiec
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Magnetite Nanoparticles ◽  
Magnetic Hysteresis ◽  
Blocking Temperature ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Zero Field ◽  
Powder Samples ◽  
Surface Modified ◽  
Field Cooling

AbstractThe magnetic properties of magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) strongly depend on their chemical and physical parameters, which can be regulated by a controlled synthesis process. To improve the quality of the obtained nanoparticles, their surface is often modified with organic compounds (from the group of surfactants, sugars, proteins, or organic acid). In this study, we synthesized magnetite nanoparticles with a surface modified with the organic compound DMSA. Then, the nanocrystallites were characterized in terms of structure and morphology. To investigate the role of DMSA and to understand the adsorption mechanism, FTIR measurements were carried out. Using Mössbauer spectroscopy, we investigated temperature-induced changes in the magnetic properties of prepared samples. The spectra were recorded in a wide temperature range (from 4 K to 390 K) for two types of samples: powders and ferrofluids with various concentrations. In the case of powder samples, the superparamagnetic doublet appeared at room temperature. For magnetic suspensions, the spectra were more complicated. They consisted of superposition of asymmetrically broadened sextets and doublets, which was caused by the occurrence of long-range dipole-dipole interactions. These interactions affected the magnetic properties of the material and increased the blocking temperature. Additionally, the magnetic hysteresis and zero field cooling-field cooling (ZFC/FC) curves were measured with the use of a vibrating sample magnetometer.

Magnetic Properties of La1-xSrxMnO3 Nanocrystals Embedded in A Mesoporous Silicate

2003 ◽  
Vol 776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigemi Kohiki ◽  
Yoshihisa Ishida ◽  
Sinichiro Nogami ◽  
Hirokazu Shimooka ◽  
Takayuki Tajiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Blocking Temperature ◽  
Ferromagnetic Behavior ◽  
Crystal Surfaces ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Mesoporous Silicate ◽  
Field Dependent

AbstractWe have prepared the diluted assemblies of La1-xSrxMnO3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.15 and 0.175) nanocrystals (ø ∼ 2∼3 nm) embedded in amorphous SiO2 to clarify the nano-magnetism of both the antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic La1-xSrxMnO3. All the samples of x = 0, 0.05, 0.15, and 0.175 exhibited superparamagnetism with the blocking temperature of ∼40 K. Except the hump at ∼40 K, the antiferromagnetic x = 0 and 0.05 samples showed simply paramagnetic-like characteristics in both the temperature dependent dc and ac susceptibilities. The ferromagnetic x = 0.15 and 0.175 samples demonstrated complicated characteristics in the temperature dependent susceptibilities. The samples indicated antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic behavior above ∼50 K and ∼100 K, respectively. The field dependent magnetization is consistent with the predictions of systems having randomly oriented and noninteracting fine particles (ø ∼2∼3 nm). For the ferromagnetic La1-xSrxMnO3 nanocrystals, the antiferromagnetism at crystal surfaces suppressed largely the ferromagnetism in bulk.

scholarly journals DFT Investigations of the Magnetic Properties of Actinide Complexes

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotfi Belkhiri ◽  
Boris Le Guennic ◽  
Abdou Boucekkine
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Exchange Coupling ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Magnetic Hysteresis ◽  
Molecular Magnets ◽  
Blocking Temperature ◽  
Magnetic Exchange ◽  
Hartree Fock ◽  
Magnetic Exchange Coupling ◽  
Metal Metal

Over the past 25 years, magnetic actinide complexes have been the object of considerable attention, not only at the experimental level, but also at the theoretical one. Such systems are of great interest, owing to the well-known larger spin–orbit coupling for actinide ions, and could exhibit slow relaxation of the magnetization, arising from a large anisotropy barrier, and magnetic hysteresis of purely molecular origin below a given blocking temperature. Furthermore, more diffuse 5f orbitals than lanthanide 4f ones (more covalency) could lead to stronger magnetic super-exchange. On the other hand, the extraordinary experimental challenges of actinide complexes chemistry, because of their rarity and toxicity, afford computational chemistry a particularly valuable role. However, for such a purpose, the use of a multiconfigurational post-Hartree-Fock approach is required, but such an approach is computationally demanding for polymetallic systems—notably for actinide ones—and usually simplified models are considered instead of the actual systems. Thus, Density Functional Theory (DFT) appears as an alternative tool to compute magnetic exchange coupling and to explore the electronic structure and magnetic properties of actinide-containing molecules, especially when the considered systems are very large. In this paper, relevant achievements regarding DFT investigations of the magnetic properties of actinide complexes are surveyed, with particular emphasis on some representative examples that illustrate the subject, including actinides in Single Molecular Magnets (SMMs) and systems featuring metal-metal super-exchange coupling interactions. Examples are drawn from studies that are either entirely computational or are combined experimental/computational investigations in which the latter play a significant role.

Structural and Magnetic Hysteresis Properties of Co-Zr Substituted Hexagonal Barium Ferrites

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1346-1351
Author(s):  
Ch.Gopal Reddy ◽  
Ch. Venkateshwarlu ◽  
P. Vijaya Bhasker Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Magnetic Hysteresis ◽  
Grain Morphology ◽  
Hexagonal Structure ◽  
Ion Composition ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ceramic Method ◽  
Barium Ferrites ◽  
Xrd Patterns

Co-Zr substituted M-type hexagonal barium ferrites, with chemical formula BaCoxZrxFe12-2xO19 (where x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0), have been synthesized by double sintering ceramic method. The crystallographic properties, grain morphology and magnetic properties of these ferrites have been investigated by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). The XRD patterns confirm the single phase with hexagonal structure of prepared ferrites. The magnetic properties have been investigated as a function of Co and Zr ion composition at an applied field in the range of 20 KOe. These studies indicate that the saturation magnetization (Ms) in the samples increases initially up to the Co-Zr composition of x=0.6 and decreases thereafter. On the other hand, the coercivity (Hc) and Remanent magnetization (Mr) are found to decrease continuously with increasing Co-Zr content. This property is most useful in permanent magnetic recording. The observed results are explained on the basis of site occupation of Co and Zr ions in the samples.

Photoluminescence and Magnetic Properties of Undoped and (Mn, Co) co-doped ZnO Nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-666
Author(s):  
Mona Rekaby
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Magnetic Measurements ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Ferromagnetic Behavior ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
Antiferromagnetic Ordering ◽  
Doped Zno ◽  
Co Doped

Objective: The influence of Manganese (Mn2+) and Cobalt (Co2+) ions doping on the optical and magnetic properties of ZnO nanoparticles was studied. Methods: Nanoparticle samples of type ZnO, Zn0.97Mn0.03O, Zn0.96Mn0.03Co0.01O, Zn0.95Mn0.03 Co0.02O, Zn0.93Mn0.03Co0.04O, and Zn0.91Mn0.03Co0.06O were synthesized using the wet chemical coprecipitation method. Results: X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) patterns revealed that the prepared samples exhibited a single phase of hexagonal wurtzite structure without any existence of secondary phases. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images clarified that Co doping at high concentrations has the ability to alter the morphologies of the samples from spherical shaped nanoparticles (NPS) to nanorods (NRs) shaped particles. The different vibrational modes of the prepared samples were analyzed through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements. The optical characteristics and structural defects of the samples were studied through Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. PL results clarified that Mn2+ and Co2+ doping quenched the recombination of electron-hole pairs and enhanced the number of point defects relative to the undoped ZnO sample. Magnetic measurements were carried out at room temperature using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). (Mn, Co) co-doped ZnO samples exhibited a ferromagnetic behavior coupled with paramagnetic and weak diamagnetic contributions. Conclusion: Mn2+ and Co2+ doping enhanced the room temperature Ferromagnetic (RTFM) behavior of ZnO. In addition, the signature for antiferromagnetic ordering between the Co ions was revealed. Moreover, a strong correlation between the magnetic and optical behavior of the (Mn, Co) co-doped ZnO was analyzed.

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