Smooth Muscle Tissue Response to Applied Vibration Following Extreme Isotonic Shortening

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandhini Dhanaraj ◽  
Ramana M. Pidaparti ◽  
Richard A. Meiss
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Tracheal Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Tissue ◽  
Vibratory Response ◽  
Isotonic Shortening

The objectives of the present study are to investigate the response of a tracheal smooth muscle tissue to an applied longitudinal vibration following isotonic shortening, and, using experimental data, to simulate the mechanical response through a non-linear finite element analysis. The response of an activated smooth muscle tissue to forced length oscillations at 33Hz for 1 second was obtained. The response in terms of stiffness change and hysteresis was estimated from the experimental data. A finite element simulation was carried out to simulate the vibratory response under experimental conditions. The results obtained indicate that the approach and the vibratory response obtained may be useful for describing the cross-bridge deattachements within the cells as well as connective tissue connections characteristics of tracheal smooth muscle tissue.

Effect of Off-Axis Cell Orientation in Smooth Muscle Tissue

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Sarma ◽  
Ramana M. Pidaparti ◽  
Richard A. Meiss
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Maximum Shear Stress ◽  
Tracheal Smooth Muscle ◽  
Cell Alignment ◽  
Cell Orientation ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Smooth Muscle Tissue ◽  
Axis Orientation

The cell alignment in a smooth muscle tissue plays a significant role in determining its mechanical properties. In addition to shortening strain, the off-axis cell orientation θ also modify the shear stress relationship significantly. A simulation model based on finite element analysis is developed to study the effect of stresses of tracheal smooth muscle tissue when its cells are orientated off-axially. Results obtained indicate that the maximum shear stress values of tracheal smooth muscle tissue at 45% strain are 2.5 times the values at 20% strain for all three off-axis orientation values θ = 15°, 30° and 45°.

Active and passive components in the length-dependent stiffness of tracheal smooth muscle during isotonic shortening

2005 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 234-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Meiss ◽  
Ramana M. Pidaparti
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Isometric Tension ◽  
Tracheal Smooth Muscle ◽  
Shortening Velocity ◽  
Muscle Contractility ◽  
Smooth Muscle Tissue ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Isotonic Shortening

Contraction of smooth muscle tissue involves interactions between active and passive structures within the cells and in the extracellular matrix. This study focused on a defined mechanical behavior (shortening-dependent stiffness) of canine tracheal smooth muscle tissues to evaluate active and passive contributions to tissue behavior. Two approaches were used. In one, mechanical measurements were made over a range of temperatures to identify those functions whose temperature sensitivity (Q10) identified them as either active or passive. Isotonic shortening velocity and rate of isometric force development had high Q10 values (2.54 and 2.13, respectively); isometric stiffness showed Q10 values near unity. The shape of the curve relating stiffness to isotonic shortening lengths was unchanged by temperature. In the other approach, muscle contractility was reduced by applying a sudden shortening step during the rise of isometric tension. Control contractions began with the muscle at the stepped length so that properties were measured over comparable length ranges. Under isometric conditions, redeveloped isometric force was reduced, but the ratio between force and stiffness did not change. Under isotonic conditions beginning during force redevelopment at the stepped length, initial shortening velocity and the extent of shortening were reduced, whereas the rate of relaxation was increased. The shape of the curve relating stiffness to isotonic shortening lengths was unchanged, despite the step-induced changes in muscle contractility. Both sets of findings were analyzed in the context of a quasi-structural model describing the shortening-dependent stiffness of lightly loaded tracheal muscle strips.

A collagen matrix derived from bladder can be used to engineer smooth muscle tissue

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byung-Soo Kim ◽  
Anthony Atala ◽  
James J. Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Collagen Matrix ◽  
Smooth Muscle Tissue

scholarly journals Role of smooth muscle activation in the static and dynamic mechanical characterization of human aortas

2022 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. e2117232119
Author(s):  
Giulio Franchini ◽  
Ivan D. Breslavsky ◽  
Francesco Giovanniello ◽  
Ali Kassab ◽  
Gerhard A. Holzapfel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Mechanical Characterization ◽  
Viscoelastic Behavior ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical

Experimental data and a suitable material model for human aortas with smooth muscle activation are not available in the literature despite the need for developing advanced grafts; the present study closes this gap. Mechanical characterization of human descending thoracic aortas was performed with and without vascular smooth muscle (VSM) activation. Specimens were taken from 13 heart-beating donors. The aortic segments were cooled in Belzer UW solution during transport and tested within a few hours after explantation. VSM activation was achieved through the use of potassium depolarization and noradrenaline as vasoactive agents. In addition to isometric activation experiments, the quasistatic passive and active stress–strain curves were obtained for circumferential and longitudinal strips of the aortic material. This characterization made it possible to create an original mechanical model of the active aortic material that accurately fits the experimental data. The dynamic mechanical characterization was executed using cyclic strain at different frequencies of physiological interest. An initial prestretch, which corresponded to the physiological conditions, was applied before cyclic loading. Dynamic tests made it possible to identify the differences in the viscoelastic behavior of the passive and active tissue. This work illustrates the importance of VSM activation for the static and dynamic mechanical response of human aortas. Most importantly, this study provides material data and a material model for the development of a future generation of active aortic grafts that mimic natural behavior and help regulate blood pressure.

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