Modeling of Unstable Regimes in a Rijke Tube

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. I. Matveev ◽  
F. E. C. Culick
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Limit Cycle ◽  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Acoustic Mode ◽  
Heat Transfer Process ◽  
Dominant Mode ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Rijke Tube ◽  
Thermoacoustic Instabilities

In the ducts with mean flows and heat sources, excitation of acoustic eigen modes is possible when unsteady heat release is coupled with pressure perturbations. The simplest device for studying the fundamental principles of thermoacoustic instabilities in the presence of a mean flow is a Rijke tube. In this work a series of experiments was carried out to determine the conditions for the transition to instability and the non-linear characteristics of a Rijke tube, such as limit-cycle amplitudes and frequencies of the dominant mode. Sound, excited in the tube, affects the heat transfer process; that leads to modifications of the acoustic mode shapes and steady state properties. It was observed in the experiment that the thermoacoustic system possesses hysteresis. A mathematical model incorporating heat transfer, acoustics, and thermoacoustic interactions is developed for determining the transition to instability. The dominant nonlinear factor in the system, defining the limit-cycle characteristics, is the nonlinearity of the heater transfer function. Two approximate and generally applicable nonlinear models are considered, and results of the modeling are compared with the experimental data for one position of the heater. The influence of noise on the transitions between stable and unstable regimes is discussed.

Flow-Excited Acoustic Resonance of Trapped Modes of a Ducted Rectangular Cavity

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bolduc ◽  
Samir Ziada ◽  
Philippe Lafon
Keyword(s):  
Shear Layer ◽  
Particle Velocity ◽  
Acoustic Mode ◽  
Velocity Fields ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Trapped Modes ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Shallow Cavities ◽  
Axisymmetric Cavities

Flow over ducted cavities can lead to strong resonances of the trapped acoustic modes due to the presence of the cavity within the duct. Aly and Ziada (2010, “Flow-Excited Resonance of Trapped Modes of Ducted Shallow Cavities,” J. Fluids Struct., 26(1), pp. 92–120; 2011, “Azimuthal Behaviour of Flow-Excited Diametral Modes of Internal Shallow Cavities,” J. Sound Vib., 330(15), pp. 3666–3683; and 2012, “Effect of Mean Flow on the Trapped Modes of Internal Cavities,” J. Fluids Struct., 33, pp. 70–84) investigated the excitation mechanism of acoustic trapped modes in axisymmetric cavities. These trapped modes in axisymmetric cavities tend to spin because they do not have preferred orientation. The present paper investigates rectangular cross-sectional cavities as this cavity geometry introduces an orientation preference to the excited acoustic mode. Three cavities are investigated, one of which is square while the other two are rectangular. In each case, numerical simulations are performed to characterize the acoustic mode shapes and the associated acoustic particle velocity fields. The test results show the existence of stationary modes, being excited either consecutively or simultaneously, and a particular spinning mode for the cavity with square cross section. The computed acoustic pressure and particle velocity fields of the excited modes suggest complex oscillation patterns of the cavity shear layer because it is excited, at the upstream corner, by periodic distributions of the particle velocity along the shear layer circumference.

Design of the Blast Furnace Wall Structure Made of Efficient Materials. Part 4. Calculation Examples

2020 ◽  
Vol 786 (11) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
A.M. IBRAGIMOV ◽  
◽  
L.Yu. GNEDINA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Boundary Value Problems ◽  
Transfer Process ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Boundary Value ◽  
Heat Transfer Process ◽  
Furnace Wall ◽  
Time Interval

This work is part of a series of articles under the general title The structural design of the blast furnace wall from efficient materials [1–3]. In part 1, Problem statement and calculation prerequisites, typical multilayer enclosing structures of a blast furnace are considered. The layers that make up these structures are described. The main attention is paid to the lining layer. The process of iron smelting and temperature conditions in the characteristic layers of the internal environment of the furnace is briefly described. Based on the theory of A.V. Lykov, the initial equations describing the interrelated transfer of heat and mass in a solid are analyzed in relation to the task – an adequate description of the processes for the purpose of further rational design of the multilayer enclosing structure of the blast furnace. A priori the enclosing structure is considered from a mathematical point of view as the unlimited plate. In part 2, Solving boundary value problems of heat transfer, boundary value problems of heat transfer in individual layers of a structure with different boundary conditions are considered, their solutions, which are basic when developing a mathematical model of a non-stationary heat transfer process in a multi-layer enclosing structure, are given. Part 3 presents a mathematical model of the heat transfer process in the enclosing structure and an algorithm for its implementation. The proposed mathematical model makes it possible to solve a large number of problems. Part 4 presents a number of examples of calculating the heat transfer process in a multilayer blast furnace enclosing structure. The results obtained correlate with the results obtained by other authors, this makes it possible to conclude that the new mathematical model is suitable for solving the problem of rational design of the enclosing structure, as well as to simulate situations that occur at any time interval of operation of the blast furnace enclosure.

scholarly journals A Computational Study on the Role of Parameters for Identification of Thyroid Nodules by Infrared Images (and Comparison with Real Data)

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4459
Author(s):  
José R. González ◽  
Charbel Damião ◽  
Maira Moran ◽  
Cristina A. Pantaleão ◽  
Rubens A. Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Heat Transfer Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Infrared Sensors ◽  
Wide Range

According to experts and medical literature, healthy thyroids and thyroids containing benign nodules tend to be less inflamed and less active than those with malignant nodules. It seems to be a consensus that malignant nodules have more blood veins and more blood circulation. This may be related to the maintenance of the nodule’s heat at a higher level compared with neighboring tissues. If the internal heat modifies the skin radiation, then it could be detected by infrared sensors. The goal of this work is the investigation of the factors that allow this detection, and the possible relation with any pattern referent to nodule malignancy. We aim to consider a wide range of factors, so a great number of numerical simulations of the heat transfer in the region under analysis, based on the Finite Element method, are performed to study the influence of each nodule and patient characteristics on the infrared sensor acquisition. To do so, the protocol for infrared thyroid examination used in our university’s hospital is simulated in the numerical study. This protocol presents two phases. In the first one, the body under observation is in steady state. In the second one, it is submitted to thermal stress (transient state). Both are simulated in order to verify if it is possible (by infrared sensors) to identify different behavior referent to malignant nodules. Moreover, when the simulation indicates possible important aspects, patients with and without similar characteristics are examined to confirm such influences. The results show that the tissues between skin and thyroid, as well as the nodule size, have an influence on superficial temperatures. Other thermal parameters of thyroid nodules show little influence on surface infrared emissions, for instance, those related to the vascularization of the nodule. All details of the physical parameters used in the simulations, characteristics of the real nodules and thermal examinations are publicly available, allowing these simulations to be compared with other types of heat transfer solutions and infrared examination protocols. Among the main contributions of this work, we highlight the simulation of the possible range of parameters, and definition of the simulation approach for mapping the used infrared protocol, promoting the investigation of a possible relation between the heat transfer process and the data obtained by infrared acquisitions.

Numerical Simulation for Microconvection Around Nano-Particle With Brownian Motion in Liquid

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. X. Wang ◽  
H. Li ◽  
X. F. Peng ◽  
L. X. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Brownian Motion ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Transfer Process ◽  
Heat Transfer Process ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Analytic Method ◽  
Nano Particle

The development of a numerical model for analyzing the effect of the nano-particles’ Brownian motion on the heat transfer is described. By using the Maxwell velocity distribution relations to calculate the most possible velocity of fluid molecules at certain temperature gradient location around the nano-particle, the interaction between fluid molecules and one single nano-particle is analyzed and calculated. Based on this, a syntonic system is proposed and the coupled effect that Brownian motion of nano-particles has on fluid molecules is simulated. This is used to formulate a reasonable analytic method, facilitating laboratory study. The results provide the essential features of the heat transfer process, contributed by micro-convection to be considered.

The 3-D Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer Process of Finned Copper Tube

2011 ◽  
Vol 393-395 ◽  
pp. 412-415
Author(s):  
Jian Hua Zhong ◽  
Li Ming Jiang ◽  
Kai Feng
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Transfer Process ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Convection Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Process ◽  
Finned Tube ◽  
Copper Tube ◽  
Central Air Conditioning ◽  
Fin Thickness

In this article, finned copper tube used in the central air conditioning was acted as the discussed object. According to the combination with actual processing and theoretical calculations, Five finned tube was selected with typical structural parameters, and established their entity model using Pro/E, then the heat transfer process of finned tube was simulated through the ANSYS, the effect of the fin height, fin thickness and other structure parameters to the heat transfer enhancement of finned tube was researched. Meantime the efficiency of the heat transfer under different convection heat transfer coefficient was also studied.

Numerical Study on the Effect of Inner Tube Position on Heat Transfer Process in Self-Recuperative Radiant Tube

2011 ◽  
Vol 228-229 ◽  
pp. 676-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Tian ◽  
Xun Liang Liu ◽  
Zhi Wen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Transfer Process ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mathematic Model ◽  
Heat Transfer Process ◽  
Bulk Temperature ◽  
Radiant Tube ◽  
Peak Value

A three-dimensional mathematic model is developed for a 100kw single-end recuperative radiant tube and the simulation is performed with the CFD software FLUENT. Also it is used to investigate the effect of distance between combustion chamber exit and inner tube on heat transfer process. The results suggest that the peak value of combustion flame temperature drops along with the increasing of distance, which leads to low NOX discharging. Also radiant tube surface bulk temperature decreases, which causes radiant tube heating performance losses.

Analysis of Multiplicity Phenomena in Longitudinal Fins Under Multi-Boiling Conditions

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizos N. Krikkis ◽  
Stratis V. Sotirchos ◽  
Panagiotis Razelos
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Solution Structure ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Heat Transfer Process ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Constant Thickness ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Operating Variables ◽  
Convection Parameter

A numerical bifurcation analysis is carried out in order to determine the solution structure of longitudinal fins subject to multi-boiling heat transfer mode. The thermal analysis can no longer be performed independently of the working fluid since the heat transfer coefficient is temperature dependent and includes the nucleate, the transition and the film boiling regimes where the boiling curve is obtained experimentally for a specific fluid. The heat transfer process is modeled using one-dimensional heat conduction with or without heat transfer from the fin tip. Furthermore, five fin profiles are considered: the constant thickness, the trapezoidal, the triangular, the convex parabolic and the parabolic. The multiplicity structure is obtained in order to determine the different types of bifurcation diagrams, which describe the dependence of a state variable of the system (for instance the fin temperature or the heat dissipation) on a design (Conduction-Convection Parameter) or operation parameter (base Temperature Difference). Specifically the effects of the base Temperature Difference, of the Conduction-Convection Parameter and of the Biot number are analyzed and presented in several diagrams since it is important to know the behavioral features of the heat rejection mechanism such as the number of the possible steady states and the influence of a change in one or more operating variables to these states.

scholarly journals Detailed Analysis of the Acoustic Mode Shapes of an Annular Combustion Chamber

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Günther Walz ◽  
Werner Krebs ◽  
Stefan Hoffmann ◽  
Hans Judith
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Acoustic Mode ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Maximum Deviation ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Velocity Of Sound ◽  
Fe Method ◽  
Shift Frequency ◽  
Space Dependence ◽  
Eigenfrequency Spectrum

To get a better understanding of the formation of thermoacoustic oscillations in an annular gasturbine combustor, an analysis of the acoustic eigenmodes has been conducted using the Finite Element (FE) method. The influence of different boundary conditions and a space dependent velocity of sound has been investigated. The boundary conditions actually define the eigenfrequency spectrum. Hence, it is crucial to know e.g. the burner impedance. In case of the combustion system without significant mixing air addition considered in this paper, the space dependence of the velocity of sound is of minor importance for the eigenfrequency spectrum leading to a maximum deviation of only 5% in the eigenvalues. It is demonstrated that the efficiency of the numerical eigenvalue analysis can be improved by making use of symmetry, by splitting the problem into several steps with alternate boundaries conditions, and by choosing the shift frequency ωs in the range of frequencies one is interested in.

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