Paradigm Shifts in Manufacturing: Observing From the Sides of Technological Evolution and Demand of the Society

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Honda
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Technological Evolution ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Energy Conserving ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Advanced Information Technology ◽  
Automation Technology ◽  
Oil Crises

The subject paper discusses some of the paradigm shifts observed in manufacturing in heavy and other industries, with a focus on shipbuilding, such as the shifts toward gigantic structures with the advent of riveting and welding technologies, toward labor and total cost saving, speedy systems with the availability of automation technology, various computers and workstations, and advanced information technology (IT). This has lead to a paradigm shift from hardware- to software-oriented systems. The advancement of material and its manufacturing technology has lead to availability of light-weight vessels and higher performance goods, and oil crises have lead to a paradigm shift toward energy conserving vessels and goods. The advent of semi-conductor and integrated circuits has lead to a paradigm shift from “Big is great” to “Small is beautiful” worlds, leading to further emphasis and promotion of micro- and nano-technologies. An overview and summary of those paradigm shifts and future trends are also given in this paper.

Micro- and Nano-instrument Power

2006 ◽  
Vol 973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vassili Karanassios
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
The Other ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Comparable Performance ◽  
Wireless Interface ◽  
Capsule Size

ABSTRACTFor the last several years, we have been developing and characterizing “mobile” micro- and nano-instruments for use on-site (e.g., in the field). Although such portable, battery-operated instruments are much smaller that their laboratory-scale counterparts, sometimes they provide comparable performance and they often offer improved capabilities. As such, they are expected to cause a paradigm shift in classical chemical analysis by allowing practioners to “bring the lab (or part of it) to the sample”. Two classes of examples will be used as the means with which to illustrate the power of micro- and nano-instruments. One class involves a “patient” as the sample and an ingestible capsule-size spectrometer used for cancer diagnosis of the gastro intestinal tack as (part of) “the lab”. The other involves the “environment” as the sample and a portable, battery-operated, miniaturized instrument that utilizes a PalmPilot™ with a wireless interface for data acquisition and signal processing as (part of) “the lab”. To discuss how to electrically power such miniaturized instruments, mobile energy issues will be addressed. Particular emphasis will be paid to current or anticipated future applications and to the paradigm shifts that may prove essential in powering the next generation of miniaturized instruments.

scholarly journals Herring and ICES: a historical sketch of a few ideas and their linkages

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1652-1661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Pelagic Fish ◽  
Marine Ecology ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Population Thinking ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Considerable Debate ◽  
Historical Sketch

Abstract Sinclair, M. 2009. Herring and ICES: a historical sketch of a few ideas and their linkages. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1652–1661. This introduction to the Symposium on “Linking Herring” sketches the development of some ideas generated from herring research within an ICES context. The work of Committee A (1902–1908), under the leadership of Johan Hjort, led to a paradigm shift from “migration thinking” to “population thinking” as the interpretation of fluctuations in herring landings. From the 1920s to the 1950s, the focus on forecasting services for the herring fisheries, although ultimately unsuccessful, had the unintended consequence of generating ideas on recruitment overfishing and the match–mismatch hypothesis. The collapse of the East Anglian fishery led, in 1956, to considerable debate on its causes, but no consensus was reached. Three consecutive symposia dealing with herring (1961, 1968, and 1970) reveal a changing perspective on the role of fishing on recruitment dynamics, culminating in Cushing’s 1975 book (“Marine Ecology and Fisheries”, referred to here as the “Grand Synthesis”), which defined the concept of recruitment overfishing and established the future agenda for fisheries oceanography. The 1978 ICES “Symposium on the Assessment and Management of Pelagic Fish Stocks” is interpreted as the “Aberdeen Consensus” (i.e. without effective management, recruitment overfishing is to be expected). In conclusion, herring research within ICES has led to many ideas and two major paradigm shifts.

scholarly journals Social Representations of the Environment in Press Media

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (61) ◽  
pp. 261-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gislei Mocelin Polli ◽  
Brigido Vizeu Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Representational Content ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Qualitative Survey ◽  
The Press ◽  
Global Impacts ◽  
The Media ◽  
Over Time

Environmental issues are given prominence in the media and scientific circles. From the 60’s until early 2010 there were changes in the way people related to the environment, with a paradigm shift occurring regarding the environment. This study sought to identify the representational content disseminated by the press media on the environment in different periods. A qualitative survey was therefore conducted of documents, and data were obtained through texts published in a magazine with national circulation. The data were analyzed using the ALCESTE program with a Lexicographic Analysis. It was identified that the press media reflects the paradigm shifts, and publications dating from the late 60’s are compatible with the old paradigm, evolving over time, and are now compatible with the new environmental paradigm. The results indicate that currently the environment needs care in all its aspects and lack of care creates global impacts.

scholarly journals How the Current Paradigm Shift is Changing Our Understanding of Ethics

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-59
Author(s):  
Chet W Sisk
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Basic Belief ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Current Paradigm

In this paper I will share the evidence of a world-wide so-cio-spiritual paradigm shift in our basic belief systems. This shift is leading to a realignment of our ethical ap-proach to common questions and requires a different col-lective approach in navigating the subject of ethics. I will also share what those different collective approaches can look like.

scholarly journals Can semiotics be used to drive paradigm changes in medical education?

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-516
Author(s):  
John Tredinnick-Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Charles Sanders Peirce ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Paradigm Change ◽  
Threshold Concepts ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Medical Educator ◽  
Situational Ethics ◽  
Scholastic Philosophy

This essay sets out to explain how educational semiotics as a discipline can be used to reform medical education and assessment. This is in response to an ongoing paradigm shift in medical education and assessment that seeks to integrate more qualitative, ethical and professional aspects of medicine into curricula, and develop ways to assess them. This paper suggests that a method to drive this paradigm change might be found in the Peircean idea of suprasubjectivity. This semiotic concept is rooted in the scholastic philosophy of John of St Thomas, but has been reintroduced to modern semiotics through the works of John Deely, Alin Olteanu and, most notably, Charles Sanders Peirce. I approach this task as both a medical educator and a semiotician. In this paper, I provide background information about medical education, paradigm shifts, and the concept of suprasubjectivity in relation to modern educational semiotic literature. I conclude by giving examples of what a suprasubjective approach to medical education and assessment might look like. I do this by drawing an equivalence between the notion of threshold concepts and suprasubjectivity, demonstrating the similarities between their positions. Fundamentally, medical education suffers from tensions of teaching trainee doctors the correct balance of biological science and situational ethics/ judgement. In the transcendence of mind-dependent and mind-independent being the scholastic philosophy of John of St Thomas may be exactly the solution medicine needs to overcome this dichotomy.

The Other, The Same: Towards a Metamodern Poetics with Heddy Honigmann

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelies van Noortwijk
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
The Other ◽  
Traumatic Memory ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
The Real ◽  
Post Modernism ◽  
The Subject

Modernism and The Poetics of Sameness and Presence”. The author argues that through a paradigm shift from post-modernism towards what she proposes to refer to as meta-modernism, a new kind of poetic comes to the fore in which senses of ‘sameness’ and ‘presence’ and a drive towards inter-subjective connection and dialogue are pivotal. At the same time a turn to the subject, the real and the private, are the preferred strategies to address the central topics in contemporary culture; that of (often traumatic) memory and identity. The re-evaluation of the subject as an active, embodied and emotional individual is fundamental to such a shift.

Fostering a Technology Cultural Change

2011 ◽  
pp. 240-246
Author(s):  
Dan Lim
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
University Of Minnesota ◽  
Laptop Computing ◽  
Technology Commitment ◽  
The University

Many people in higher education wonder where the rapid changes in information technology are going to take them. Many more fear that the ongoing information technology explosion may eventually leave them behind. Due to entrenched mindsets and bureaucracy in higher education, fostering a technology cultural change requires paradigm shifts in all areas of administration, teaching, and research. A fundamental paradigm shift must happen in four areas before a technology cultural change can be set on a forward path. This chapter focuses on four essential components of a paradigm shift in technology and higher education at the University of Minnesota Crookston (UMC). This case describes how a paradigm shift model can help to promote a long-term technology cultural change in a higher education institution. The model consists of technology commitment, technology philosophy, investment priority, and development focus. It has been used at UMC to bring about a reengineering of the entire institution to support a ubiquitous laptop environment throughout the curriculum and campus. The model has helped UMC achieve an overwhelming success in utilizing laptop computing and other technology to enhance learning.

scholarly journals A Roadmap to the Development of Key Competencies of Engineering and Technology Graduates

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Arwa Y. Aleryani ◽  
Abdullatif A. AlMunifi
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
College Administration ◽  
Engineering And Technology ◽  
Teaching And Learning Strategies ◽  
Key Competencies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Support Students

The world of employment is impacted by major trends that are imposed by the on-going industrial advances. The changing labor market and the future of work calls for a paradigm shift in teaching and learning to equip graduates with compe-tencies they need for current and future jobs, and in particular, those of the engi-neering and technology programs. The purpose of this study is to discuss previ-ous work in the subject matter, to outline a set of teaching and learning strategies, and to create a roadmap for main players to work through to arm graduates with the intended competencies skills. To achieve this objective an extensive literature review was carried out to identify what teaching and learning strategies are cur-rently in-place, and what skills are anticipated. However, still, the education insti-tutions not been able to provide the workplace with competent graduates. A pro-posed set of intended competencies skills along with teaching and learning strate-gies for properly preparing future engineering and technology graduates was de-veloped; and a roadmap was built to show the roles of college administration, professors and students to ensure an effective way to support students gaining these skills. It is recommended that these sets of strategies including the facilita-tion of the roles of the main players to be incorporated in the educational pro-grams learning outcomes.

scholarly journals Successive Paradigm Shifts in the Bacterial Cell Cycle and Related Subjects

Life ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Vic Norris
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Eukaryotic Cell ◽  
Origins Of Life ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Bacterial Physiology ◽  
Bacterial Cell Cycle

A paradigm shift in one field can trigger paradigm shifts in other fields. This is illustrated by the paradigm shifts that have occurred in bacterial physiology following the discoveries that bacteria are not unstructured, that the bacterial cell cycle is not controlled by the dynamics of peptidoglycan, and that the growth rates of bacteria in the same steady-state population are not at all the same. These paradigm shifts are having an effect on longstanding hypotheses about the regulation of the bacterial cell cycle, which appear increasingly to be inadequate. I argue that, just as one earthquake can trigger others, an imminent paradigm shift in the regulation of the bacterial cell cycle will have repercussions or “paradigm quakes” on hypotheses about the origins of life and about the regulation of the eukaryotic cell cycle.

scholarly journals Paradigm shifts in surface metrology. Part II. The current shift

2007 ◽  
Vol 463 (2085) ◽  
pp. 2071-2099 ◽  
Author(s):  
X Jiang ◽  
P.J Scott ◽  
D.J Whitehouse ◽  
L Blunt
Keyword(s):  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Surface Metrology ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Surface Geometry ◽  
Structured Surfaces ◽  
Geometrical Features ◽  
Ultra Precision ◽  
Current Shift

This is the second part of the paper ‘Paradigm shifts in surface metrology’. In part I, the three historical paradigm shifts in surface metrology were brought together, and the subsequent evolution resulting from the shifts discussed. The historical philosophy highlighted the fact that the paradigm shifts must be robust and flexible, meaning that surface metrology must allow for full control of surface manufacture and provide an understanding of the surface functional performance. Part II presents the current paradigm shift as a ‘stepping stone’, building on the above historical context. Aspects of surface geometry will also have to cater for surfaces derived from disruptive application, i.e. structured and freeform surfaces are identified candidates. The current shift is presented in three aspects: from profile to areal characterization; from stochastic to structured surfaces; and from simple geometries to complex freeform geometries, all spanning the millimetre to sub-nanometre scales. In this paradigm shift, the scale of surface texture is beginning to approach some of the geometrical features in micro/nano electro-mechanical systems devices and is becoming one of the most important functionality indicators. Part II will contextualize the current shifts in the discipline of surface metrology, and cement surface metrology in place in the ultra precision and nanotechnology age.

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