Thermodynamic Analysis of Zero-Atmospheric Emissions Power Plant

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Martinez-Frias ◽  
Salvador M. Aceves ◽  
J. Ray Smith ◽  
Harry Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Atmospheric Emissions ◽  
Gas Generator

This paper presents a thermodynamic analysis of a natural gas zero-atmospheric emissions power plant with a net electrical output of 400 MW. In this power plant, methane is combusted with oxygen in a gas generator to produce the working fluid for the turbines. The combustion produces a gas mixture composed of steam and carbon dioxide. These gases drive multiple turbines to produce electricity. The turbine discharge gases pass to a condenser where water is captured as liquid and gaseous carbon dioxide is pumped from the system. The carbon dioxide can be economically conditioned for enhanced recovery of oil, or coal-bed methane, or for sequestration in a subterranean formation. The analysis considers a complete power plant layout, including an air separation unit, compressors and intercoolers for oxygen and methane compression, a gas generator, three steam turbines, a reheater, a preheater, a condenser, and a carbon dioxide pumping system to pump the carbon dioxide to the pressure required for sequestration. The computer code is a powerful tool for estimating the efficiency of the plant, given different configurations and technologies. The efficiency of the power plant has been calculated over a wide range of conditions as a function of the two important power plant parameters of turbine inlet temperature and turbine isentropic efficiency. This simulation is based on a 400 MW electric power generating plant that uses turbines that are currently under development by a U.S. turbine manufacturer. The high-pressure turbine would operate at a temperature of 1089 K (1500 °F) with uncooled blades, the intermediate-pressure turbine would operate at 1478 K (2200 °F) with cooled blades and the low-pressure turbine would operate at 998 K (1336 °F). The corresponding turbine isentropic efficiencies for these three turbines were taken as 90, 91 and 93 percent. With these operating conditions, the zero-atmospheric emissions electric power plant has a net thermal efficiency of 46.5%. This net thermal efficiency is based on the lower heating value of methane, and includes the energy necessary for air separation and for carbon dioxide separation and sequestration.

Thermodynamic Analysis of Zero-Atmospheric Emissions Power Plant

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Martinez-Frias ◽  
Salvador M. Aceves ◽  
J. Ray Smith ◽  
Harry Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Atmospheric Emissions ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Gas Generator ◽  
Separation Unit

This paper presents a theoretical thermodynamic analysis of a zero-atmospheric emissions power plant. In this power plant, methane is combusted with oxygen in a gas generator to produce the working fluid for the turbines. The combustion produces a gas mixture composed of steam and carbon dioxide. These gases drive multiple turbines to produce electricity. The turbine discharge gases pass to a condenser where water is captured. A stream of pure carbon dioxide then results that can be used for enhanced oil recovery or for sequestration. The analysis considers a complete power plant layout, including an air separation unit, compressors and intercoolers for oxygen and methane compression, a gas generator, three steam turbines, a reheater, two preheaters, a condenser, and a pumping system to pump the carbon dioxide to the pressure required for sequestration. This analysis is based on a 400 MW electric power generating plant that uses turbines that are currently under development by a U.S. turbine manufacturer. The high-pressure turbine operates at a temperature of 1089 K (1500°F) with uncooled blades, the intermediate-pressure turbine operates at 1478 K (2200°F) with cooled blades and the low-pressure turbine operates at 998 K (1336°F). The power plant has a net thermal efficiency of 46.5%. This efficiency is based on the lower heating value of methane, and includes the energy necessary for air separation and for carbon dioxide separation and sequestration.

scholarly journals A Coal-Fired Power Plant With Zero Atmospheric Emissions

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Martinez-Frias ◽  
Salvador M. Aceves ◽  
J. Ray Smith ◽  
Harry Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Atmospheric Emissions ◽  
Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
The Cost

This paper presents the thermodynamic analysis of a coal-based zero-atmospheric emissions electric power plant. The approach involves an oxygen-blown coal gasification unit. The resulting synthetic gas (syngas) is combusted with oxygen in a gas generator to produce the working fluid for the turbines. The combustion produces a gas mixture composed almost entirely of steam and carbon dioxide. These gases drive multiple turbines to produce electricity. The turbine discharge gases pass to a condenser where water is captured. A stream of carbon dioxide then results that can be used for enhanced oil recovery, or for sequestration. This analysis is based on a 400 MW electric power generating plant that uses turbines that are currently under development by a U.S. turbine manufacturer. The power plant has a net thermal efficiency of 42.6%. This efficiency is based on the lower heating value of the coal, and includes the energy necessary for coal gasification, air separation and for carbon dioxide separation and sequestration. The paper also presents an analysis of the cost of electricity (COE) and the cost of conditioning carbon dioxide for sequestration for the 400 MW power plant. Electricity cost is compared for three different gasification processes (Texaco, Shell, and Koppers-Totzek) and two types of coals (Illinois #6 and Wyodak). Cost of electricity ranges from 5.16 ¢/kWhr to 5.42 ¢/kWhr, indicating very little sensitivity to the gasification processes considered and the coal types used.

scholarly journals A Coal-Fired Power Plant With Zero-Atmospheric Emissions

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Martinez-Frias ◽  
Salvador M. Aceves ◽  
J. Ray Smith ◽  
Harry Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Electric Power Plant ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Atmospheric Emissions ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
The Cost

This paper presents the thermodynamic and cost analysis of a coal-based zero-atmospheric emissions electric power plant. The approach involves an oxygen-blown coal gasification unit. The resulting synthetic gas (syngas) is combusted with oxygen in a gas generator to produce the working fluid for the turbines. The combustion produces a gas mixture composed almost entirely of steam and carbon dioxide. These gases drive multiple turbines to produce electricity. The turbine discharge gases pass to a condenser where water is captured. A stream of carbon dioxide then results that can be used for enhanced oil recovery or for sequestration. The term zero emission steam technology is used to describe this technology. We present the analysis of a 400MW electric power plant. The power plant has a net thermal efficiency of 39%. This efficiency is based on the lower heating value of the coal, and includes the energy necessary for coal gasification, air separation, and for carbon dioxide separation and sequestration. This paper also presents an analysis of the cost of electricity and the cost of conditioning carbon dioxide for sequestration. Electricity cost is compared for three different gasification processes (Texaco, Shell, and Koppers-Totzek) and two types of coals (Illinois 6 and Wyodak). COE ranges from 5.95¢∕kWhto6.15¢∕kWh, indicating a 3.4% sensitivity to the gasification processes considered and the coal types used.

scholarly journals Process and Carbon Footprint Analyses of the Allam Cycle Power Plant Integrated with an Air Separation Unit

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 325-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Fernandes ◽  
Song Wang ◽  
Qiang Xu ◽  
Russel Buss ◽  
Daniel Chen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Generation ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Separation Unit ◽  
Air Separation Unit

The Allam cycle is the latest advancement in power generation technologies with a high cycle efficiency, zero NOx emission, and carbon dioxide available at pipeline specification for sequestration and utilization. The Allam cycle plant is a semi-closed, direct-fired, oxy-fuel Brayton cycle that uses high pressure supercritical carbon dioxide as a working fluid with sophisticated heat recuperation. This paper conducted process analyses including exergy analysis, sensitivity analysis, air separation unit (ASU) oxygen pump/compressor option analysis, and carbon footprint analysis for the integrated Allam power plant (natural gas)/ASU complex with a high degree of heat and work integration. Earlier works on exergy analysis were done on the Allam cycle and ASU independently. Exergy analysis on the integrated plants helps identify the equipment with the largest loss of thermodynamic efficiency. Sensitivity analysis investigated the effects of important ASU operational parameters along with equipment constraint limits on the downstream Allam cycle. Energy efficiency and carbon footprint are compared among the state-of-the-art fossil-fuel power generation cycles.

scholarly journals Component-Oriented Modeling of a Micro-Scale Organic Rankine Cycle System for Waste Heat Recovery Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1984
Author(s):  
Ramin Moradi ◽  
Emanuele Habib ◽  
Enrico Bocci ◽  
Luca Cioccolanti
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Pump Efficiency ◽  
Micro Scale

Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) systems are some of the most suitable technologies to produce electricity from low-temperature waste heat. In this study, a non-regenerative, micro-scale ORC system was tested in off-design conditions using R134a as the working fluid. The experimental data were then used to tune the semi-empirical models of the main components of the system. Eventually, the models were used in a component-oriented system solver to map the system electric performance at varying operating conditions. The analysis highlighted the non-negligible impact of the plunger pump on the system performance Indeed, the experimental results showed that the low pump efficiency in the investigated operating range can lead to negative net electric power in some working conditions. For most data points, the expander and the pump isentropic efficiencies are found in the approximate ranges of 35% to 55% and 17% to 34%, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum net electric power was about 200 W with a net electric efficiency of about 1.2%, thus also stressing the importance of a proper selection of the pump for waste heat recovery applications.

Techno-Economic Evaluation of Pressurized Oxy-Fuel Combustion Systems

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jongsup Hong ◽  
Ahmed F. Ghoniem ◽  
Randall Field ◽  
Marco Gazzino
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Capture ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Separation Unit ◽  
Coal Price

Oxy-fuel combustion coal-fired power plants can achieve significant reduction in carbon dioxide emissions, but at the cost of lowering their efficiency. Research and development are conducted to reduce the efficiency penalty and to improve their reliability. High-pressure oxy-fuel combustion has been shown to improve the overall performance by recuperating more of the fuel enthalpy into the power cycle. In our previous papers, we demonstrated how pressurized oxy-fuel combustion indeed achieves higher net efficiency than that of conventional atmospheric oxy-fuel power cycles. The system utilizes a cryogenic air separation unit, a carbon dioxide purification/compression unit, and flue gas recirculation system, adding to its cost. In this study, we perform a techno-economic feasibility study of pressurized oxy-fuel combustion power systems. A number of reports and papers have been used to develop reliable models which can predict the costs of power plant components, its operation, and carbon dioxide capture specific systems, etc. We evaluate different metrics including capital investments, cost of electricity, and CO2 avoidance costs. Based on our cost analysis, we show that the pressurized oxy-fuel power system is an effective solution in comparison to other carbon dioxide capture technologies. The higher heat recovery displaces some of the regeneration components of the feedwater system. Moreover, pressurized operating conditions lead to reduction in the size of several other critical components. Sensitivity analysis with respect to important parameters such as coal price and plant capacity is performed. The analysis suggests a guideline to operate pressurized oxy-fuel combustion power plants in a more cost-effective way.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic analysis of high temperature nuclear reactor coupled with advanced gas turbine combined cycle

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (Suppl. 4) ◽  
pp. 1187-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Jaszczur ◽  
Michal Dudek ◽  
Zygmunt Kolenda
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Oil Processing

One of the most advanced and most effective technology for electricity generation nowadays based on a gas turbine combined cycle. This technology uses natural gas, synthesis gas from the coal gasification or crude oil processing products as the energy carriers but at the same time, gas turbine combined cycle emits SO2, NOx, and CO2 to the environment. In this paper, a thermodynamic analysis of environmentally friendly, high temperature gas nuclear reactor system coupled with gas turbine combined cycle technology has been investigated. The analysed system is one of the most advanced concepts and allows us to produce electricity with the higher thermal efficiency than could be offered by any currently existing nuclear power plant technology. The results show that it is possible to achieve thermal efficiency higher than 50% what is not only more than could be produced by any modern nuclear plant but it is also more than could be offered by traditional (coal or lignite) power plant.

Thermodynamic Analysis and Working Fluid Optimization of a Combined ORC-VCC System Using Waste Heat From a Marine Diesel Engine

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oumayma Bounefour ◽  
Ahmed Ouadha
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Vapor Compression ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
Vapor Compression Refrigeration ◽  
Propylene Yield ◽  
Fluid Optimization ◽  
Propane Butane

This paper examines through a thermodynamic analysis the feasibility of using waste heat from marine Diesel engines to drive a vapor compression refrigeration system. Several working fluids including propane, butane, isobutane and propylene are considered. Results showed that isobutane and Butane yield the highest performance, whereas propane and propylene yield negligible improvement compared to R134a for operating conditions considered.

A Study of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Cycle for Concentrating Solar Power Applications Using an Isothermal Compressor

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Young Heo ◽  
Jinsu Kwon ◽  
Jeong Ik Lee
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Concentrating Solar Power ◽  
Power Cycle ◽  
Compressor Inlet ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

For the concentrating solar power (CSP) applications, the supercritical carbon dioxide (s-CO2) power cycle is beneficial in many aspects, including high cycle efficiencies, reduced component sizing, and potential for the dry cooling option. More research is involved in improving this technology to realize the s-CO2 cycle as a candidate to replace the conventional power conversion systems for CSP applications. In this study, an isothermal compressor, a turbomachine which undergoes the compression process at constant temperature to minimize compression work, is applied to the s-CO2 power cycle layout. To investigate the cycle performance changes of adopting the novel technology, a framework for defining the efficiency of the isothermal compressor is revised and suggested. This study demonstrates how the compression work for the isothermal compressor is reduced, up to 50%, compared to that of the conventional compressor under varying compressor inlet conditions. Furthermore, the simple recuperated and recompression Brayton cycle layouts using s-CO2 as a working fluid are evaluated for the CSP applications. Results show that for compressor inlet temperatures (CIT) near the critical point, the recompression Brayton cycle using an isothermal compressor has 0.2–1.0% point higher cycle thermal efficiency compared to its reference cycle. For higher CIT values, the recompression cycle using an isothermal compressor can perform above 50% in thermal efficiency for a wider range of CIT than the reference cycle. Adopting an isothermal compressor in the s-CO2 layout can imply larger heat exchange area for the compressor which requires further development.

scholarly journals Optimization and Comparison of Direct and Indirect Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Plant Cycles for Nuclear Applications

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin A. Harvego ◽  
Michael G. McKellar
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Primary System ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Reactor Outlet ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
System Pressure ◽  
Intermediate Heat Exchanger

Results of analyses performed using the UniSim process analyses software to evaluate the performance of both a direct and indirect supercritical CO2 Brayton power plant cycle with recompression at different reactor outlet temperatures are presented. The direct supercritical CO2 power plant cycle transferred heat directly from a 600 MWt reactor to the supercritical CO2 working fluid supplied to the turbine generator at approximately 20 MPa. The indirect supercritical CO2 cycle assumed a helium-cooled Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR), operating at a primary system pressure of approximately 7.0 MPa, delivered heat through an intermediate heat exchanger to the secondary indirect supercritical CO2 recompression Brayton cycle, again operating at a pressure of about 20 MPa. For both the direct and indirect power plant cycles, sensitivity calculations were performed for reactor outlet temperature between 550°C and 850°C. The UniSim models used realistic component parameters and operating conditions to model the complete reactor and power conversion systems. CO2 properties were evaluated, and the operating ranges of the cycles were adjusted to take advantage of the rapidly changing properties of CO2 near the critical point. The results of the analyses showed that, for the direct supercritical CO2 power plant cycle, thermal efficiencies in the range of approximately 40 to 50% can be achieved over the reactor coolant outlet temperature range of 550°C to 850°C. For the indirect supercritical CO2 power plant cycle, thermal efficiencies were approximately 11–13% lower than those obtained for the direct cycle over the same reactor outlet temperature range.

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