Truck Driving Simulator Effectiveness

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hoskins ◽  
M. El-Gindy ◽  
R. Vance ◽  
N. Hiller ◽  
C. Goodhart
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Response Measurement ◽  
Driver Performance ◽  
Driving Skill ◽  
Heavy Truck ◽  
Dynamics Response ◽  
Equipment Operator

The Pennsylvania Truck Driving Simulator (PTDS) has been implemented in several different studies. The effectiveness of utilizing the simulator for training heavy truck operators was investigated through a study with the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PENNDOT). Thirty-four highway equipment operator trainees from PENNDOT completed a series of driving tasks in the simulator. The driving tasks were developed as five independent driving scenarios within the simulator each requiring different skills. Measures of driver performance included ratings from professional driving instructors and numerical records from the simulator’s recording capability. These were analyzed to determine if a) students improved their driving through completing the driving scenarios, and b) the two sets of data agreed in the assessment of driver performance. This paper presents the results of this study, which showed that students’ driving skill did improve as they completed the driving tasks. The vehicle dynamics response measurement data also largely agreed with the instructors’ evaluation.

Driver Performance in a Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control String

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1184-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaughan W. Inman ◽  
Steven Jackson ◽  
Brian H. Philips
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Cruise Control ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Cruise Control ◽  
Highway Capacity ◽  
Time To Collision ◽  
Driver Performance ◽  
Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control ◽  
Safety Benefit ◽  
Crash Reduction ◽  
Mean Time

Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) has been proposed as a method to increase highway capacity and possibly enhance safety. Two experiments were conducted in a driving simulator to verify that drivers with CACC would effectively monitor the system’s longitudinal control and override the system in the event that greater braking authority was needed than the system was designed to provide. In the first experiment, the emergency response of drivers with the CACC was compared with that of drivers who manually controlled following distance within a string of vehicles. The CACC group experienced markedly fewer crashes and had longer mean time-to-collision. The second experiment examined whether the CACC safety benefit was the result of the CACC system’s limited automatic braking authority, an auditory alarm, or both. The results suggest that both auto-braking and an auditory alarm are necessary to achieve a crash reduction benefit, although the alarm alone may promote less severe collisions.

Development of a Driving Simulator for Virtual Evaluation of Vehicle Dynamics

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Sharaf
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Vehicle Performance ◽  
Vehicle Simulation ◽  
Virtual Platform ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Vehicle Testing ◽  
Simulation Package

This paper delineates the conceptual algorithms of a driving simulator which is intended for vehicle performance evaluation and to act as a virtual platform for research studies and therefore eliminates the cost and dangerous of field testing. A virtual proving ground for vehicle testing has been devised through which virtual handling, traction and ride tests can be performed. A fully instrumented simulator cabin combining the driver and the vehicle simulation package is developed. Different vehicle configurations are simulated during typical sever manoeuvres which reflects the robustness and fidelity of the devised simulator.

scholarly journals AN EVALUATION OF AIRPORT WAYFINDING AND SIGNAGE ON SENIOR DRIVER BEHAVIOUR AND SAFETY OF AIRPORT ROAD ACCESS DESIGN

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-129
Author(s):  
Nur Khairiel Anuar ◽  
Romano Pagliari ◽  
Richard Moxon
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Driver Behaviour ◽  
Driving Behaviour ◽  
Road Design ◽  
Driver Performance ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Car Driving

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of different wayfinding provision on senior driving behaviour and road safety. A car driving simulator was used to model scenarios of differing wayfinding complexity and road design. Three scenario types were designed consisting of 3.8 miles of airport road. Wayfinding complexity varied due to differing levels of road-side furniture. Experienced car drivers were asked to drive simulated routes. Forty drivers in the age ranges: 50 to 54, 55 to 59 and those aged over 60 were selected to perform the study. Participants drove for approximately 20 minutes to complete the simulated driving. The driver performance was compared between age groups. Results were analysed by Mean, Standard Deviation and ANOVA Test, and discussed with reference to the use of the driving simulator. The ANOVA confirmed that age group has a correlation between road design complexity, driving behaviour and driving errors.

scholarly journals VIRTUAL REALITY FOR LOW-COST AUTOMOTIVE DRIVING SIMULATOR IN VEHICLE ENGINEERING RESEARCH

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Hooi-Siang ◽  
Mohamad Kasim Abdul Jalil ◽  
Lee Kee-Quen
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Driving Simulation ◽  
Interactive Simulation ◽  
Virtual Reality System ◽  
Vehicle Engineering ◽  
Engineering Research

Interactive simulation in automotive driving has enhanced the studies of driver behaviors, traffic control, and vehicle dynamics. The development of virtual reality (VR) technology leads to low cost, yet high fidelity, driving simulator become technically feasible. However, a good implementation of high realism and real-time interactive three-dimensional (3D) virtual environment (VE) in an automotive driving simulation are facing many technical challenges such as accessibility, dissimilarity, scalability, and sufficiency. The objective of this paper is to construct a virtual reality system for an automotive driving simulator. The technology with variations of terrain, roadway, buildings, and greenery was studied and developed in the VE of the simulator. Several important technical solutions in the construction of VE for driving simulation had been identified. Finally, the virtual reality system was interactively used in a driver-in-loop simulation for providing direct road elevation inputs to the analysis of vehicle dynamics model (VDM). The results indicated identical matching between the VDM inputs and the VE outputs. The outcomes of this paper lead to a human-in-the-loop foundation of a low-cost automotive driving simulator in the vehicle engineering research. 

Impact of Cognitive Distractions on Drivers’ Hazard Anticipation Behavior in Complex Scenarios

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (9) ◽  
pp. 440-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yalda Ebadi ◽  
Donald L. Fisher ◽  
Shannon C. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Mock Cell ◽  
Cell Phone Use ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Driving Skill ◽  
Cognitive Distraction ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Vulnerable Road Users

Distraction is one of the main causes of traffic crashes. The effect of cell phones, a major contributor to cognitive distraction, on response time has tested in many simulator studies. Response time is not the only driving skill affected by cell phone conversations, however. Specifically, it is known that cell phone usage contributes to a reduction in hazard anticipation skills at intersections, and there are many other scenarios where cell phone conversations could have a detrimental effect. The objective of this study is to determine whether cognitive distractions associated with cell phone use affect hazard anticipation, not only at intersections but also in other scenarios which contain latent hazards. Twenty-four drivers navigated 18 scenarios on a driving simulator twice, with their eye movements continuously monitored. During one drive, participants performed a hands-free mock cell phone task while driving; on the other drive, they navigated through the virtual world without any additional tasks apart from the primary task of driving. The scenarios were classified into two types: intersection and non-intersection. Using a logistic regression model within the framework of generalized estimation equations, it was determined that the proportion of anticipatory glances toward potential hazards was reduced significantly for all scenarios when drivers were engaged in a mock cell phone task. Perhaps the most disturbing finding is that this was true both at work zones and at marked midblock crosswalks, scenarios which often endanger vulnerable road users. In summary, the study found a negative effect of cognitive distraction on latent hazard anticipation.

Comparison of Primary and Secondary Task Measures as a Function of Simulated Vehicle Dynamics and Driving Conditions

1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter W. Wierwille ◽  
James C. Gutmann
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Secondary Task ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Moving Base ◽  
High Workload ◽  
Driving Task ◽  
Task Measure

In a previously reported experiment involving a moving base driving simulator with computer-generated display, secondary task measures of workload showed significant increases as a function of large changes in vehicle dynamics and disturbance levels. Because the secondary task measures appeared less sensitive than desired, driving performance measures recorded during the same experiment were later analyzed. Particular emphasis in examining the driving performance data was placed on (1) determining the degree of intrusion of the secondary task on the driving task as a function of the independent variables, and (2) on comparing the sensitivity of the primary and secondary task measures. The results showed the secondary task does intrude significantly upon the driving task performance at low workload levels, but that it does not significantly intrude at high workload levels. Also, when the four primary task measures were analyzed for sensitivity to the independent variables, new information was obtained indicating greater sensitivity than is obtained with the single secondary task measure. Steering ratio, for example, is found to affect performance at high disturbance levels—a result not obtained in examining the secondary task by itself. The merits of primary and secondary task performance analysis are discussed, and suggestions are made for future work.

Influence of Driving Experience on Distraction Engagement in Automated Vehicles

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (9) ◽  
pp. 142-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dengbo He ◽  
Birsen Donmez
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Task ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Task Engagement ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Novice Drivers ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Driving Skill ◽  
The Difference

State-of-the-art vehicle automation requires drivers to visually monitor the driving environment and the automation (through interfaces and vehicle’s actions) and intervene when necessary. However, as evidenced by recent automated vehicle crashes and laboratory studies, drivers are not always able to step in when the automation fails. Research points to the increase in distraction or secondary-task engagement in the presence of automation as a potential reason. However, previous research on secondary-task engagement in automated vehicles mainly focused on experienced drivers. This issue may be amplified for novice drivers with less driving skill. In this paper, we compared secondary-task engagement behaviors of novice and experienced drivers both in manual (non-automated) and automated driving settings in a driving simulator. A self-paced visual-manual secondary task presented on an in-vehicle display was utilized. Phase 1 of the study included 32 drivers (16 novice) who drove the simulator manually. In Phase 2, another set of 32 drivers (16 novice) drove with SAE-level-2 automation. In manual driving, there were no differences between novice and experienced drivers’ rate of manual interactions with the secondary task (i.e., taps on the display). However, with automation, novice drivers had a higher manual interaction rate with the task than experienced drivers. Further, experienced drivers had shorter average glance durations toward the task than novice drivers in general, but the difference was larger with automation compared with manual driving. It appears that with automation, experienced drivers are more conservative in their secondary-task engagement behaviors compared with novice drivers.

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