scholarly journals Modulus of Toughness Measurements of Urinary Calculi

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shyh-Jen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Stress Strain Curve ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Stone Fragmentation ◽  
Treatment Procedures

Abstract Objective: To improve the efficacy of ESWL treatment, it is desirable to identify the physical properties of urinary calculi that could offer direct correlation with their fragilities during ESWL and thus could be used to guide treatment procedures for more effective stone fragmentation. Method: The 30 stone specimens removed surgically were compressed by an axial testing system to measure the compressive strength and trace the stress-strain curve. Image analysis software SigmaScan (Jandel Co.) was used to calculate the area under the stress-strain curve, the modulus of toughness, for each stone. Result: The values of compressive strength measured were similar to those reported by other researchers. The modulus of toughness of urinary calculi correlates with the stone fragility during ESWL clinically. Conclusion: The modulus of toughness could be an index to evaluate the physical property of urinary calculi that could be used to guide treatment procedures for more effective stone fragmentation.

The Modulus of Toughness of Urinary Calculi

2001 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shyh-Jen Wang ◽  
Ming-Chuen Yip ◽  
Yen-Shen Hsu ◽  
Kun-Guo Lai ◽  
Shyh-Yau Wang
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Stress Strain Curve ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Stone Fragmentation ◽  
Extracorporeal Shock Wave ◽  
Treatment Procedures

To improve the efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) treatment, it is desirable to identify the physical properties of urinary calculi could offer direct correlation with their fragilities during ESWL and thus could be used to guide treatment procedures for more effective stone fragmentation. Thirty stone specimens removed surgically were compressed by an axial testing system to measure the compressive strength and trace the stress-strain curve. Image analysis software SigmaScan (Jandel Co.) was used to calculate the area under the stress-strain curve, the modulus of toughness, for each stone. The values of compressive strength measured were similar to those reported by other researchers. The modulus of toughness of urinary calculi correlates with clinical representation of the stone fragility during ESWL. The modulus of toughness could be an index to evaluate the physical property of urinary calculi that could be used to guide treatment procedures for more effective stone fragmentation.

The Research of Test on Stress-Strain Constitutive Relations of Straw Concrete

2014 ◽  
Vol 584-586 ◽  
pp. 987-992
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Wei Xi ◽  
Yi Lu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Constitutive Relations ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Corn Straw ◽  
Stress Strain Curve ◽  
Stress Strain

As a new green building material, straw concrete are introduced about its mechanical properties and characteristics. Mechanical properties test such as prism compressive strength, elastic modulus and Poisson's ratios use standard prismatic blocks. Under different rate of corn straw, cement, sand and fly ash, test gets the full stress-strain curve. Results show that with increase of volume of corn straw, the prism compressive strength reduces significantly. Comparing with natural concrete, elastic modulus of straw concrete can reduces greatly. Poisson’s ratio reduces with increase of volume of corn straw. Fly ash could improve property of the material and replace cement, but excessive replacement will reduce the strength of material.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Damage and Failure of Coal-Pillar Dams in Coal Mine Underground Reservoir under Dynamic Load

Geofluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Qiangling Yao ◽  
Liqiang Yu ◽  
Ning Chen ◽  
Weinan Wang ◽  
Qiang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Dynamic Loading ◽  
Coal Pillar ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Stress Strain Curve ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Underground Reservoir

The stability of coal-pillar dams in underground hydraulic engineering works is affected not only by long-term water erosion but also by dynamic loading induced, for example, by roof breaking or fault slipping. In this paper, the water absorption characteristics of coal samples from western China were studied by nondestructive immersion tests, and a high-speed camera was used to monitor SHPB tests on samples of varying water content and subjected to various strain rates. Besides, the coal-pillar dam is numerically simulated based on the experimental data and the actual engineering conditions. The results show that, given low strain rate and high water content, the compaction stage accounts for most of the stress-strain curve, whereas the elastic stage accounts for only a relatively small fraction of the stress-strain curve. The dynamic compressive strength and elastic modulus follow exponential and logarithmic functions of strain rate, respectively, exhibiting a significant positive correlation. As the water content increases, the dynamic elastic modulus increases almost linearly, and the compressive strength decreases gradually. Under the same impact load, samples with greater water content fail more rapidly, and the failure is exacerbated by the propagation of parallel cracks to staggered cracks. The average size of coal fragments decreases linearly with increasing strain rate and water content. Simulations indicate that dynamic loading increases the stress concentration on both sides of the dam and expands the high-stress area and plastic zone. The results provide guidance for designing waterproof coal pillars and underground reservoir dams.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Blok Tegangan Tekan Ekuivalen Balok Beton Bertulang Agregat Limbah Batu Onyx Tulungagung

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Bobby Asukmajaya R. ◽  
◽  
Edhi Wahjuni S. ◽  
Wisnumurti Wisnumurti ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Stress Strain Curve ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Normal Concrete ◽  
Aggregate Concrete ◽  
Average Compressive Strength ◽  
Stress Block

Normal aggregate replacement to the onyx waste aggregate will certainly make the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity different, so it will affect the value of the compressive stress block equivalent (β1) as a result of the extent of the changing stress strain curve. In this study, trying to compare between the experimental β1 value of onyx concrete, while analytically the β1 value for normal concrete was obtained in accordance with SNI 2847 - 2019. To get the experimental β1 value from onyx concrete, it is made by looking for the compressive strength, elastic modulus and ꜫ0, for later the stress strain curve of the concrete is made to find the experimental β1 value of the onyx concrete. The results were obtained if the average β1 value of 18 specimens of onyx coarse aggregate concrete with an average compressive strength of 32.92 MPa was 0.868 while the analytical β1 value based on SNI 2847-2019 was 0.839, This shows that the B1 value for concrete with other aggregates is different, so it needs to be checked experimentally.

scholarly journals Experimental Study of Rubberized Concrete Stress-Strain Behavior for Improving Constitutive Models

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Strukar ◽  
Tanja Kalman Šipoš ◽  
Tihomir Dokšanović ◽  
Hugo Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Nonlinear Material ◽  
Rubberized Concrete ◽  
Rubber Content ◽  
Stress Strain Curve ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Failure Patterns

Inclusion of rubber into concrete changes its behavior and the established shape of its stress-strain curve. Existing constitutive stress-strain models for concrete are not valid in case of rubberized concrete, and currently available modified models require additional validation on a larger database of experimental results, with a wider set of influential parameters. By executing uniaxial compressive tests on concrete with rubber substituting 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% of aggregate, it was possible to study and evaluate the influence of rubber content on its mechanical behavior. The stress-strain curve was investigated in its entirety, including compressive strength, elastic modulus, strains at significant levels of stress, and failure patterns. Experimental results indicated that increase of rubber content linearly decreases compressive strength and elastic modulus, but increases ductility. By comparing experimental stress-strain curves with those plotted using available constitutive stress-strain models it was concluded that they are inadequate for rubberized concrete with high rubber content. Based on determined deviations an improvement of an existing model was proposed, which provides better agreement with experimental curves. Obtained research results enabled important insights into correlations between rubber content and changes of the stress-strain curve required when utilizing nonlinear material properties.

scholarly journals Elastic modulus and stress-strain curve analysis of a tungsten mine waste alkali-activated concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 274 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Pedro Silva Humbert ◽  
João Paulo De Castro Gomes ◽  
Luis Filipe Almeida Bernardo ◽  
Clemente Martins Pinto ◽  
Natalia Paszek
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mine Waste ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Portland Cement Concrete ◽  
Stress Strain Curve ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Glass Waste ◽  
Tungsten Mine

In the paper the compressive strength, the elastic modulus and the stress-strain curve of an alkaliactivated concrete were studied. A tungsten mine waste mud (TMWM), aggregate (also from the tungsten mine), glass waste and metakaolin were used as raw materials. Sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide were used as activators. First, TMWM chemical composition was determined by scanning electron microscopyenergy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The maximum particle size was 18mm. Two cubes with side dimension of 15cm were prepared from the mixture. Samples were cured at 60°C for 24 hours. A concrete mixer, vibration table and an oven were used in the process. After the curing process, cubes were cut into seven prisms and one cube with the dimensions 15x7.4x7.4cm and 7.4cm respectively. After 28 days, the laboratory tests were performed. During the compressive strength tests, the displacements were also recorded which allowed drawing the stress-strain curve of the samples. The compressive strength ranged from 17.27 to 28.84MPa. The elastic modulus was calculated by four different standards: ASTM, LNEC and European standard. The elastic modulus ranged from 2.48 to 7.49GPa what showed that the material is more elastic than ordinary Portland cement concrete.

scholarly journals Physical Property of W-C-N Diffusion Barrier through Stress-Strain curve

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 266-270
Author(s):  
Kyu-Young Lee ◽  
Soo-In Kim ◽  
Sang-Jae Park ◽  
Dong-Kwan Lee ◽  
Yong-Rok Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Barrier ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Stress Strain Curve ◽  
Stress Strain

Experimental Study on the Dynamic Compressive Mechanical Properties of Concrete

2011 ◽  
Vol 250-253 ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Shu Sun ◽  
Yuan Ming Dou ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Zhao Xia Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Plain Concrete ◽  
Stress Strain Curve ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete

Dynamic compressive tests of plain concrete specimens (C30 and C40) are carried out on MTS, with the uniaxial strain rate ranging from 10-5/s to 10-2/s. The impacts of strain rates on concrete strength are studied systematically. The mechanical properties of compressive strength, elastic modulus and compressive stress-strain curve of concrete under different stain rates are also analyzed. The experiental relationships between strain rate and compressive strength of concrete are established. It is found that the compressive strength of concrete increases with the strain rate increasing. Modulus is also showing a growth trend, but the growth rate varies greatly; and the stress-strain curve under dynamic loads is similar to the one under static loads. These research achievements can provide us with a more accurate grasp of concrete actual working conditions and provide some guidance to structural design of concrete. These are important to build the dynamic damage constitutive models, too.

scholarly journals Analysis of High Strength Concrete processed from Recycled Concrete Aggregates

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1757-1763
Author(s):  
Shanu Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Recycled Concrete ◽  
Recycled Aggregate ◽  
Recycled Aggregates ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Stress Strain Curve ◽  
Stress Strain

Abstract: As everyone is aware of the fact that Natural Coarse Aggregate (NCA) is the main constituent of traditional concrete mixes. Whenever an existing concrete structure is demolished, it produces smashed concrete waste in the large amount. Concrete waste give rise to negative effects on the environment. To evade the environmental pollution and mark effective reuse of the concrete waste as Recycled Aggregates in the place of NCA. This operative initiative provides an opportunity to reduce air pollution and soil exploitation to some extent. Such concrete is sustainable in nature and also eco-friendly to the environment. Also, such waste material will lower the usage of naturally occurring stone to produce NCA and thus various natural energy resources will be safeguarded. This study covers the suitability norms for a material to be used for Recycled Aggregate. In this study the natural aggregate is replaced with recycled aggregate in the different percentages (0%, 25%, 50%). When percentage of recycled aggregate mixed in the fixed proportion as percentage replacement to natural aggregates, it imparts improvement in the property of fresh as well as hardened concrete like, compressive strength & split tensile strength. Laboratory results of this research indicates that the value of compressive strength, tensile strength stress-strain curve & NDT of these mixes drives on decreasing, but at the 25% replacement level, it achieves target mean strength. Hence, for the fundamental concrete mix Natural Coarse Aggregate can be efficiently replaced by the Recycled Aggregate to the range of 25%. Keywords: Concrete, Recycled aggregate, Natural Coarse Aggregate (NCA), Compressive Strength, Tensile strength, , NDT, Stress-Strain Curve

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