Cutting Fluid Mist Formation in Turning via Atomization: Part 1—Model Development

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yue ◽  
K. L. Gunter ◽  
D. J. Michalek ◽  
J. W. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Drop Size ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Atomization Mechanism ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Predictive Relationships ◽  
Mist Formation ◽  
Settling Behavior

Abstract Cutting fluid mist is becoming an increasing concern for manufacturers as additional information is obtained on the health risks that it poses. This two-part paper is focused on investigating cutting fluid mist formation via an atomization mechanism in a turning process. Models will be established to predict the fluid mist mean drop size as well as the drop size distribution. Predictive relationships will also be presented for the settling behavior of the fluid mist and the mass concentration. Part 1 of the paper is devoted to the development of the requisite models to describe the mist creation and settling phenomena. In Part 2 of the paper, the mist formation models will be validated through a series of experiments.

Application of an Imaging System to Study Machining Mist Formation via an Atomization Mechanism

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ju ◽  
J. Sun ◽  
D. J. Michalek ◽  
J. W. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Imaging System ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Measurement Range ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Aerosol Sampling ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Atomization Mechanism ◽  
Mist Formation ◽  
Rotating Workpiece

Airborne inhalable particulate in the workplace represents a significant health hazard. One of the primary sources of this particulate is mist produced through the application of cutting fluids in machining operations. One of the important mechanisms for the production of cutting fluid mist is the atomization mechanism. In this paper, atomization is studied by applying cutting fluid to a rotating workpiece such as found in turning. An imaging system is presented for the study of the atomization mechanism. The imaging system extends the size measurement range typically achievable with aerosol sampling devices to consider larger particles. Experimental observations from the imaging system reveal that workpiece rotation speed and cutting fluid flow rate have significant effects on the size of the droplets produced by the atomization mechanism. With respect to atomization, the technical literature describes models for fluid interaction with the rotating workpiece and droplet formation via drop and ligament formation modes. Experimental measurements are compared with model predictions. For a range of rotation speeds and fluid application flow rates, the experimental data is seen to compare favorably with the model predictions.

Treatment system response to transient AOX (adsorbable organic halogen) loadings

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
D. A. Barton ◽  
J. D. Woodruff ◽  
T. M. Bousquet ◽  
A. M. Parrish
Keyword(s):  
Paper Industry ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
System Response ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Organic Halogen ◽  
Aox Removal ◽  
Variable Operating Conditions ◽  
Plant Shutdown

If promulgated as proposed, effluent guidelines for the U.S. pulp and paper industry will impose average monthly and maximum daily numerical limits of discharged AOX (adsorbable organic halogen). At this time, it is unclear whether the maximum-day variability factor used to establish the proposed effluent guidelines will provide sufficient margin for mills to achieve compliance during periods of normal but variable operating conditions within the pulping and bleaching processes. Consequently, additional information is needed to relate transient AOX loadings with final AOX discharges. This paper presents a simplistic dynamic model of AOX decay during treatment. The model consists of hydraulic characterization of an activated sludge process and a first-order decay coefficient for AOX removal. Data for model development were acquired by frequent collection of influent and effluent samples at a bleach kraft mill during a bleach plant shutdown and startup sequence.

Toward Metamodels for Composable and Reusable Additive Manufacturing Process Models

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Witherell ◽  
Shaw Feng ◽  
Timothy W. Simpson ◽  
David B. Saint John ◽  
Pan Michaleris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Metal Powder ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Am Processes

In this paper, we advocate for a more harmonized approach to model development for additive manufacturing (AM) processes, through classification and metamodeling that will support AM process model composability, reusability, and integration. We review several types of AM process models and use the direct metal powder bed fusion AM process to provide illustrative examples of the proposed classification and metamodel approach. We describe how a coordinated approach can be used to extend modeling capabilities by promoting model composability. As part of future work, a framework is envisioned to realize a more coherent strategy for model development and deployment.

Settling behavior of non-spherical particles in power-law fluids: Experimental study and model development

Particuology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 30-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengming Xu ◽  
Xianzhi Song ◽  
Gensheng Li ◽  
Zhaoyu Pang ◽  
Zhaopeng Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Power Law Fluids ◽  
Settling Behavior

Using a Model Quality Framework for Requirements Specification of an Enterprise Modeling Language

2005 ◽  
pp. 142-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Krogstie ◽  
Vibeke Dalberg ◽  
Siri Moe Jenson
Keyword(s):  
Model Development ◽  
Enterprise Modeling ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Requirements Specification ◽  
Modeling Language ◽  
Modeling Languages ◽  
Model Quality ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Model Interpretation ◽  
Specialized Language

As more and more modern modeling tools provide the possibility of developing specialized and new modeling languages (also called meta modeling or method engineering), the need for methodologies and guidelines to perform requirements specification in the development and evolution of these languages increases. Based on work on quality of models and modeling languages, we have defined a methodology to attack this problem, taking as an outset the goals of modeling, modeling tasks, and related roles involved in model development and model interpretation. This chapter presents the application of this methodology for selection and refinement of a modeling language for a process harmonization project in an international organization. The harmonization project uses process models as the basis for developing a support environment for the new harmonized process. The process models were used for many different tasks, and it proved to be very beneficial to structure the modeling language requirements specification process to be able to prioritize what was to be implemented in the specialized language.

Cutting Fluid Mist Formation in Turning via Atomization: Part 2—Experimental Validation

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yue ◽  
K. L. Gunter ◽  
D. J. Michalek ◽  
J. W. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Turning Process ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Mist Formation

Abstract In Part 1 of this paper, models were developed to describe the formation mechanisms and dynamic behavior of cutting fluid mist. This part of the paper focuses on experimentally investigating mist formation during the turning process, and then simulating the dynamic behavior of the mist droplets, including the distribution and the mass concentration. Simulation results are compared to experimental measurements to validate the theoretical models presented in Part 1. It is seen that the model predictions adequately characterize the observed experimental behavior.

Evaluation of Square Funnel Containers for Container Nursery Production

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 521a-521
Author(s):  
Claire M. Brooks ◽  
Thomas H. Yeager ◽  
Richard C. Beeson ◽  
Dorota Z. Haman
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Temperature ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Overhead Irrigation ◽  
Water Collection ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Viburnum Odoratissimum ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Substrate Temperatures

A series of experiments was conducted to evaluate the influence of square funnel and round containers on overhead irrigation water collection. Square funnel containers, constructed by attaching a 30.5-cm square plastic extruded funnel surface to the 15.9-cm opening of a conventional round 3-L container, were placed edge-to-edge on a white gravel surface. Conventional round containers were spaced on 30-cm centers. Both container types contained a 2 pine bark: 1 Canadian peat: 1 sand substrate (by volume) in which temperatures were monitored daily at 1600 HR in the center of substrate. Temperatures during August for funnel and conventional containers averaged 34 and 41 °C, respectively. In another experiment, both container types received overhead irrigation either without plants or with small or large (3853 cm2 or 5187 cm2 leaf area, respectively) Viburnum odoratissimum Ker-Gawl. Square funnel containers without plants collected 4.3 times more water than conventional containers; whereas, with plants 1.3 times more water was collected by square funnel containers. Volume of water collected in square funnel and conventional containers with plants was not different due to plant size. Additional information on NO3-N leaching as influenced by water collection and substrate temperature will be presented.

scholarly journals Externalizing tacit overview knowledge: A model-based approach to supporting design teams

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomás Flanagan ◽  
Claudia Eckert ◽  
P. John Clarkson
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Industrial Case Study ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Engine Design ◽  
Team Interactions ◽  
Product And Process

AbstractSuccessful realization of large-scale product development programs is challenging because of complex product and process dependencies and complicated team interactions. Proficient teamwork is underpinned by knowledge of the manner in which tasks performed by different design participants fit together to create an effective whole. Based on an extensive industrial case study with a diesel engine company, this paper first argues that the overview and experience of senior designers play an important part in supporting teamwork by coordinating activities and facilitating proactive communication across large project teams. As experts move on and novices or contractors are hired, problems are likely to occur as tacit overview knowledge is lost. If informal, overview-driven processes break down, the risk of costly oversights will increase, and greater management overhead will be required to realize successful product designs. Existing process models provide a means to express the connectivity between tasks and components thus to compensate partially for the loss of tacit overview. This paper proposes the use of design confidence, a metric that reflects the designer's belief in the maturity of a particular design parameter at a given point in the process, to address the limitations of existing models. The applicability of confidence-based design models in providing overview, as well as their shortcomings, will be demonstrated through the example of a diesel engine design process. Confidence can be used to make overview knowledge explicit and convey additional information about the design artifact, thereby informing communication and negotiation between teams.

scholarly journals Implementation of the Digital Sales Channel in the Coatings Industry

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1168
Author(s):  
Eva Krhač Andrašec ◽  
Benjamin Urh ◽  
Marjan Senegačnik ◽  
Tomaž Kern
Keyword(s):  
Data Entry ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Sales Channel ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Sales Channels ◽  
Sales Process ◽  
Direct Data ◽  
The Common ◽  
Potential Customers

The development process in the coatings industry can be shortened by digital transformation, and its costs can be reduced using a technical enabler. However, formulators need up-to-date and comprehensive data on existing and potential ingredients to develop the formulation. We were curious about how to supply formulators with data. The idea was that suppliers of ingredients provide data using the “common enabling technology”. We hypothesize that direct data entry compensates suppliers because they can shorten the sales process and increase sales. We used a survey to select key sales channels in the industry. Detailed process models were designed using structured interviews. We analyzed models using structural and operational indicators. Finally, we formed a new digital sales process and verified it. The results show that the digitally formatted sales process can be shortened by up to 32%. Simultaneously, more potential customers can be accessed using the common technology. Existing sales channels would not be closed down. Nevertheless, the digital sales channel is expected to prove its worth over time and gradually increase its share. The suppliers of ingredients can thus avoid a radical process transformation and the immediate integration of additional information technology into the company information system in such an evolutionary way.

scholarly journals Towards a generalized physicochemical framework

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1147-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien J. Batstone ◽  
Youri Amerlinck ◽  
George Ekama ◽  
Rajeev Goel ◽  
Paloma Grau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Design ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Gas Transfer ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Plant Process

Process models used for activated sludge, anaerobic digestion and in general wastewater treatment plant process design and optimization have traditionally focused on important biokinetic conversions. There is a growing realization that abiotic processes occurring in the wastewater (i.e. ‘solvent’) have a fundamental effect on plant performance. These processes include weak acid–base reactions (ionization), spontaneous or chemical dose-induced precipitate formation and chemical redox conversions, which influence pH, gas transfer, and directly or indirectly the biokinetic processes themselves. There is a large amount of fundamental information available (from chemical and other disciplines), which, due to its complexity and its diverse sources (originating from many different water and process environments), cannot be readily used in wastewater process design as yet. This position paper outlines the need, the methods, available knowledge and the fundamental approaches that would help to focus the effort of research groups to develop a physicochemical framework specifically in support of whole-plant process modeling. The findings are that, in general, existing models such as produced by the International Water Association for biological processes are limited by omission of key corrections such as non-ideal acid–base behavior, as well as major processes (e.g., ion precipitation). While the underlying chemistry is well understood, its applicability to wastewater applications is less well known. This justifies important further research, with both experimental and model development activities to clarify an approach to modeling of physicochemical processes.

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