A 700 Hz Valve for Dispensing High Viscosity Molten Polymers Using a Piezo-Electrically Driven Star Frame Mechanical Amplifier

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bill Hassler
Keyword(s):  
Block Copolymers ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Molten Polymers ◽  
Ball Diameter ◽  
Piezo Electric

Abstract A valve was designed, built, and tested using a Star Frame mechanical amplifier driven by multilayered piezo-electric actuators. This valve was designed to dispense many different types of molten polymers, adhesives, and highly rilled coating materials. The valve was a simple ball and seat design with a stroke of 0.38 mm, a ball diameter of 2.4 mm, and a seating diameter of 1.5 mm. The valve was successfully tested with molten block copolymers with viscosities as high as 45,000 centipoise, at temperatures of up to 190 deg. C and at frequencies of up to 700 Hz continuous duty. The valve was also successfully tested at 1 kHz for short durations.

Mixing and Comparative Properties of NR Compounds Filled with Different Types of Reinforcing Fillers

2017 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 172-176
Author(s):  
Pattarawadee Maijan ◽  
Nitinart Saetung ◽  
Wisut Kaewsakul
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Silica Surface ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Modified Silica ◽  
Reinforcing Fillers ◽  
Silane Coupling ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cure Time

Mixing behaviors of the compounds filled with different reinforcing fillers were studied in correlation with compound and vulcanizate properties. Four filler systems were used including: 1) silica plus small amount of silane coupling agent; 2) carbon black; 3) pre-modified silica; and 4) silica+silane-carbon black mixed one. The results have shown that silica provides longer optimum cure time and shorter cure rate than carbon black due to accelerator adsorption on silica surface. In addition, owing to highly polar nature on silica surface the silica-based compounds show rather high viscosity, attributed to stronger filler-filler interaction as can be confirmed by Payne effect and reinforcement index. However, the commercial surface treatment or pre-modified form of silica shows superior properties than in-situ modification of silica by silane during mixing, while it gives comparable properties to carbon black-based compound. Tensile properties of vulcanizates show a good correlation with the basic properties of their compounds.

Structural change with blending of crystalline/amorphous block copolymers having different types of microphase separations

Polymer ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (26) ◽  
pp. 6146-6153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Kakiage ◽  
Miho Sekiya ◽  
Takeshi Yamanobe ◽  
Hiroki Uehara
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Block Copolymers ◽  
Amorphous Block ◽  
Different Types

scholarly journals Application of Milk Proteins Co-Precipitates Prepared Using Different Types of Minerals as Coating Materials to Reduce Oil Uptake of Fried Potato Strips

2021 ◽  
Vol 910 (1) ◽  
pp. 012108
Author(s):  
Nwa Rebaz Mohammed ◽  
Jasim M. S. Al-Saadi ◽  
Ali Muhi Aldeen Omar Aljabary
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Edible Coating ◽  
French Fries ◽  
Oil Uptake ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Overall Acceptability ◽  
Frying Process ◽  
Different Types

Abstract The edible coatings are a suitable method to decrease oil uptake in fried foods. In this study, the effects of milk protein co-precipitates aggregated using different types of minerals (CaCl2: 17 mM, FeCl3: 18 mM, ZnCl2: 18 mM, and MgCl2: 20 mM) and affected on the properties of fried potato strips were evaluated. Edible coating solutions were performed at two concentrations (%2.5 w/v) and (%5 w/v. According to the results, coated potato slices with edible coating solutions based on milk proteins co-precipitated by MgCl2 (%5) recorded higher hardness value among all the salts before frying process. Generally after frying process, coated French fries with edible coating solutions were the hardest comparable with uncoated (control) French fries, at the %2.5 w/v concentration the higher hardness value was recorded by coated French fries with CaCl2 milk protein co-precipitates and at the %5 w/v concentration the higher hardness value was recorded by coated French fries with milk protein co-precipitates ZnCl2. The experimental results showed that the coating solutions based on milk proteins co-precipitated had a positive and great effect on reducing oil uptake. In conclusion, The edible coating solutions based on milk proteins co-precipitated prepared by ZnCl2, MgCl2 at concentration %5 (w/v) reduced oil adsorption more than other coating solutions and in the same time increased the moisture content of final products sequentially compared with uncoated (control) samples. According to the sensory test, coated French fries with milk proteins co-precipitated by MgCl2 had the higher sensory evaluation degrees in appearance, color, taste and overall acceptability, while coated French fries with milk proteins co-precipitated by ZnCl2 got the highest sensory evaluation degrees for texture.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of Dewatering Technology for Heavy High-Viscosity Crude Oils of Eastern Region of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-431
Author(s):  
Petro Topilnytskyy ◽  
◽  
Tetiana Yarmola ◽  
Viktoria Romanchuk ◽  
Justyna Kucinska-Lipka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Copolymers ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Gas Condensate ◽  
Crude Oils ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Heavy Gas

High-viscosity crude oils from the Yablunivske field (Ukraine, Poltava region) have been studied. The oils were diluted with gas condensate to reduce viscosity, and then various demulsifiers were added. It was established that it is expedient to dilute oil with heavy gas condensate and dehydrate it with PM-1441 brand A non-ionogenic demulsifier, based on block copolymers of ethylene and propylene oxides. The dewatering degree was found to be 95 %.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Types of Block Copolymers on Morphology, Mechanical Properties, and Fracture Mechanisms of Bisphenol-F Based Epoxy System

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bajpai ◽  
Wetzel
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Block Copolymers ◽  
Fracture Energy ◽  
Plastic Zone Size ◽  
Fracture Mechanisms ◽  
Epoxy System ◽  
Bisphenol F ◽  
Different Types

The effect of adding different types of soft block copolymer on the tensile properties, fracture mechanic properties, and thermo-mechanical properties of bisphenol F based epoxy resin were studied. Two different self-assembling block copolymers, (a) constituting of a center block of poly (butyl acrylate) and two side blocks of poly (methyl) methacrylate-co-polar co-monomer (BCP 1) and (b) poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(butylene oxide) (PEO-PBO) diblock copolymer (BCP 2), were used with an epoxy-hardener system. The maximum fracture toughness and fracture energy were measured as KIc = 2.75 MPa·m1/2 and GIc = 2.37 kJ/m2 for the 10 wt % of BCP 1 modified system, which were 366% and 2270% higher in comparison to reference epoxy system, and a 63% reduction in tensile strength was also observed. Similarly, for BCP2 modified systems, the maximum value of KIc = 1.65 MPa·m1/2 and GIc = 1.10 kJ/m2 was obtained for epoxy modified with 12 wt % of BCP2 and a reduction of 32% in tensile strength. The fracture toughness and fracture energy were co-related to the plastic zone size for all the modified systems. Finally, the analysis of the fracture surfaces revealed the toughening micro-mechanisms of the nanocomposites.

Synthesis and micellization of redox-responsive dynamic covalent multi-block copolymers

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (18) ◽  
pp. 3145-3155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Hu ◽  
Changyu He ◽  
Lianjiang Tan ◽  
Bingya Liu ◽  
Zhenggang Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Copolymers ◽  
Nanostructured Materials ◽  
Redox Responsive ◽  
Different Types

Multi-block copolymers, which are composed of two or more covalent interconnected polymeric segments of different types, offer unparalleled opportunities for designing new nanostructured materials with enhanced functionality and properties.

scholarly journals Deterioration and Protection of Concrete Elements Embedded in Contaminated Soil: A Review

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3253
Author(s):  
Ginneth Patricia Millán Ramírez ◽  
Hubert Byliński ◽  
Maciej Niedostatkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Concrete Deterioration ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Concrete Elements

Coating materials are considered one of the most antique materials of human civilization; they have been used for decoration and the protection of surfaces for millennia. Concrete structures—due to their permanent exposure to different types of environments and contaminants—require the use of coatings that contribute to its preservation by reducing the corrosion of its components (steel and aggregates). This article intends to introduce the principal causes of concrete deterioration and the coating materials used to protect concrete structures, including a summary of the coating types, their advantages and disadvantages, and the latest developments and applications. Furthermore, this paper also assesses brief information about the potential challenges in the production of eco-friendly coating materials.

Partly Disposable Switching and Injection Microvalves for Medical Applications

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hironobu Sato ◽  
Shuichi Shoji ◽  
Eipin Kim ◽  
Keisuke Miura
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Flow Ratio ◽  
Silicone Membrane ◽  
Switching Valve ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors

Abstract Two types of one-inlet and four-outlets pneumatic microvalves for medical applications were fabricated and evaluated. Since the microvalves consist of a separable actuator part and a channel part, the channel part in which the sample liquid are introduced can be partly disposed. Both parts were fabricated using Si and polymer membrane. Two types of polymer membranes of silicone rubber and new cyclized perfluoro polymer (CPFP) were utilized in different types of microvalves for controlling high viscosity and low viscosity samples. In the case of the switching valve using silicone membrane, leakage was less than 0.01 μl/min (inlet pressure of 1mH2O) and the maximum open/closed flow ratio is larger than 105. These microvalves are useful in parallel and multi sensing systems. To achieve the monitoring the pneumatic actuation, integration of piezoresistive pressure sensors on the actuator part was also carried out.

Analysis of solutions of the Muskat — Leverett non-isothermal model for different types of oils

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-37
Author(s):  
O. B. Bocharov ◽  
I. G. Telegin
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Isothermal Model ◽  
Total Heat Loss ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
High Viscosity Oil

In this article, numerical methods are used to analyze the features of solutions to the non-isothermal Muskat — Leverett two-phase filtration model. The structure of solutions to thermal waterflooding problems for low-viscosity and high viscosity types of oil is considered. Typical solutions for different types of functional parameters of the model are shown. The simulations show that hot water displacement of high-viscosity oil is an effective method of increasing oil recovery. In particular, if in the case of thermal flooding the reservoir with low-viscosity oil, recovery increases by only a few percent, then for a field with high viscosity oil, thermal flooding increases oil recovery by tens of percent. It is shown that in order to increase the efficiency of the thermal flooding it is necessary to pump hot water with the minimum possible capillary parameter. High total filtration rate reduces total heat loss through the roof and sole of the formation. Numerical experiments have shown that for an adequate simulation of thermal flooding, in addition to taking into account changes in oil viscosity, it is necessary to take into account the action of capillary forces and the variation of relative phase permeability during the operation of the oil field.

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