Thermal Modeling for the Consolidation Process of Thermoplastic Composite Filament Winding

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred C. Loos ◽  
Xiaolan Song
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Coordinate System ◽  
Filament Winding ◽  
Thermoplastic Composite ◽  
Heat Transfer Analysis ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Polar Coordinate System ◽  
Composite Substrate ◽  
Cartesian Coordinate

Abstract The quality of thermoplastic composites depends on the thermal history during processing. Therefore it is important to determine the temperature distribution in the composite during the fabrication process. The objective of this investigation was to develop a comprehensive thermal model of the thermoplastic filament winding process. The model was developed in two parts to calculate the temperature profiles in the towpreg and the composite substrate. A finite element heat transfer analysis for the composite-mandrel assembly was formulated in the polar coordinate system, which facilitates the description of the geometry and the boundary conditions. A four-node ‘sector element’ is used to describe the domain of interest. Sector elements were selected to give a better representation of the curved boundary shape which should improve accuracy with fewer elements compared to a finite element solution in the Cartesian-coordinate system. The second thermal analysis was a Cartesian coordinate, finite element model of the towpreg as it enters the nippoint. The results show that the calculated temperature distribution in the composite substrate compared well with temperature data measured during winding and consolidation. The analysis also agreed with the experimental observation that the melt region is formed on the surface of the incoming towpreg in the nippoint and not on the substrate.

Vehicle Kinematic State Estimation Using Passive Sensor Fusion Approach

2012 ◽  
Vol 271-272 ◽  
pp. 1709-1712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wei Fong ◽  
Pi Ching Lou ◽  
Ke Jia Tang
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Autonomous Navigation ◽  
Weighted Least Squares ◽  
Hierarchical Architecture ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Polar Coordinate System ◽  
Global Estimate ◽  
Polar Coordinate ◽  
Passive Sensor ◽  
Cartesian Coordinate

The main issue addressed here is that of estimating the kinematic state components of a vehicle in autonomous navigation using landmark angle-only measurements from an onboard passive sensor. The estimates of the absolute position and velocity of the vehicle are provided by a hybrid coordinate fusion filter. The hierarchical architecture of the filter which consists of a group of local processors and a global processor is developed for improving estimation accuracy. In each local processor, an extended Kalman filter uses hybrid information from the reference Cartesian coordinate system and the modified polar coordinate system for state and state error covariance extrapolation and updating. In the global processor, a weighted least squares estimator is utilized to combine the outputs of local processors to form a global estimate. By using only two landmarks simulation results show that proposed algorithm improves the estimation accuracy drastically.

Numerical Assessment on Time-Varying Temperature Field of Bridge Tower under Solar Radiation

2012 ◽  
Vol 204-208 ◽  
pp. 2236-2239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Chen ◽  
Wei Hua Guo ◽  
Chun Fang Song ◽  
Kai Kai Lu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Temperature Field ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Heat Transfer Analysis ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Long Span ◽  
Bridge Tower

Bridge tower, time-varying temperature field, heat transfer analysis, finite element model. Abstract. Long span suspension bridges are subjected to daily, seasonal and yearly environmental thermal effects induced by solar radiation and ambient air temperature. This paper aims to investigate the temperature distribution of a tower of a long span suspension bridge. Two-dimensional heat transfer models are utilized to determine the time-dependent temperature distribution of the bridge tower of the bridge. The solar radiation model is utilized to examine the time-varying temperature distribution. Finite element models are constructed for the bridge tower to compute the temperature distribution. The numerical models can successfully predict the structural temperature field at different time. The methodology employed in the paper can be applied to other long-span bridges as well.

EFFECT OF THERMAL INPUT ON THE TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION OF THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES MADE BY AUTOMATED FIBER PLACEMENT (AFP)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MEHRSHAD MOGHADAMAZAD ◽  
SUONG V. HOA
Keyword(s):  
Thermoplastic Composite ◽  
Heat Transfer Analysis ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Convection Coefficient ◽  
Fiber Placement ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Temperature Distributions ◽  
Automated Fiber Placement ◽  
Theoretical Results

The heat transfer analysis of thermoplastic composite manufactured using automated fiber placement with a hot gas torch can be done using numerical methods such as finite difference method. The accuracy of the theoretical results depends upon the accuracy of the thermal inputs. The hot gas/air temperature and convection coefficient distributions between the hot gas and the surface of the substrate (thermal inputs) have the significant influence on the accuracy of the resulting theoretical temperature distributions in the deposited laminate. A model predicting theoretical results which agree with experimental measurements is presented

scholarly journals Determination of Ship Approach Parameters in the Polar Coordinates System

2014 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Andrzej Banachowicz ◽  
Adam Wolski
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Target Position ◽  
Geometric Interpretation ◽  
Polar Coordinates ◽  
Polar Coordinate System ◽  
Polar Coordinate ◽  
Radar Measurements ◽  
Cartesian Coordinate ◽  
Radar Antenna

Abstract An essential aspect of the safety of navigation is avoiding collisions with other vessels and natural or man made navigational obstructions. To solve this kind of problem the navigator relies on automatic anti-collision ARPA systems, or uses a geometric method and makes radar plots. In both cases radar measurements are made: bearing (or relative bearing) on the target position and distance, both naturally expressed in the polar coordinates system originating at the radar antenna. We first convert original measurements to an ortho-Cartesian coordinate system. Then we solve collision avoiding problems in rectangular planar coordinates, and the results are transformed to the polar coordinate system. This article presents a method for an analysis of a collision situation at sea performed directly in the polar coordinate system. This approach enables a simpler geometric interpretation of a collision situation

Using a Polar Coordinate System in the Classroom

1990 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
William M. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Coordinate System ◽  
School Level ◽  
Polar Coordinate System ◽  
School Students ◽  
Rectangular Coordinate System ◽  
Polar Coordinate ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Cartesian Coordinate ◽  
Additional Exposure

Most elementary school students have experiences with a rectangular graphing system that helps to prepare them for ideas in algebra and analytic geometry. Mathematics books at the elementary school level contain a section on graphing, though it is often one of the later chapters, where it may be treated as supplementary material. In science and in social studies, students may find various data graphed or may have a project in which they have to graph daily temperatures, rainfall, or test scores. Biorhythms, record sales charts, or, for the more ambitious, the daily stock market give additional exposure. Designing graphics on the computer monitor often requires some placement by a rectangular coordinate system. By the time students meet the Cartesian coordinate system with its x- and y-axes and use it to graph equations, the idea and techniques should be somewhat familiar.

scholarly journals Static test of a variable stiffness thermoplastic composite wingbox under shear, bending and torsion

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (1275) ◽  
pp. 635-666
Author(s):  
G. Zucco ◽  
V. Oliveri ◽  
M. Rouhi ◽  
R. Telford ◽  
G. Clancy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Variable Stiffness ◽  
Buckling Load ◽  
Thermoplastic Composite ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Shear Bending

AbstractAutomated manufacturing of thermoplastic composites has found increased interest in aerospace applications over the past three decades because of its great potential in low-cost, high rate, repeatable production of high performance composite structures. Experimental validation is a key element in the development of structures made using this emerging technology. In this work, a $750\times640\times240$ mm variable-stiffness unitised integrated-stiffener out-of-autoclave thermoplastic composite wingbox is tested for a combined shear-bending-torsion induced buckling load. The wingbox is manufactured by in-situ consolidation using a laser-assisted automated tape placement technique. It is made and tested as a demonstrator section located at 85% of the wing semi-span of a B-737/A320 sized aircraft. A bespoke in-house test rig and two aluminium dummy wingboxes are also designed and manufactured for testing the wingbox assembly which spans more than 3m. Prior to testing, the wingbox assembly and the test rig were analysed using a high fidelity finite element method to minimise the failure risk due to the applied load case. The experimental test results of the wingbox are also compared with the predictions made by a numerical study performed by nonlinear finite element analysis showing less than 5% difference in load-displacement behaviour and buckling load and full agreement in predicting the buckling mode shape.

Tire Temperature Prediction During Post-cure Inflation

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 248-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Kennedy ◽  
M. S. McMinn
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Reasonable Agreement ◽  
Heat Transfer Analysis ◽  
Transient Heat Transfer ◽  
Tire Model ◽  
Temperature Prediction ◽  
Lab Experiments ◽  
Predicted Values

Abstract Temperature distribution is predicted as the tire cools during post-cure inflation. A finite element transient heat transfer analysis is employed, with appropriate material conduction and convection coefficients determined from lab experiments. Initial temperatures to apply to the tire model were determined from measurements on a range of tire sizes. Measurements were also made during and at the end of the post-cure inflation cycle for comparison with the predicted values. Reasonable agreement is seen between the predicted temperatures and the population of measured tire values.

A Numerical Solution of the Inverse Problem for Thermoforming Processes Using Finite Element Analysis

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao-Hsin Wang ◽  
Herman F. Nied
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Heat Transfer Analysis ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Initial Temperature Distribution ◽  
Final Thickness ◽  
Temperature Distributions

Abstract Finite element analysis of thermoforming simulation based on isothermal as well as non-isothermal initial conditions has been applied successfully for predicating final thickness distributions. For these simulations, it is assumed that the initial sheet temperature is known and does not change significantly during forming at a rapid stretch rate. For a non-isothermal analysis, the temperature dependent material properties are necessary. In this paper sample results are presented for the so-called inverse thermoforming problem, where an initial temperature distribution is sought numerically that will result in a specific final thickness distribution. Thus, a finite element simulation is combined with an iterative algorithm to obtain inverse solutions for a thermoformed part. In this example, the required initial temperature distributions that result in a uniform final thickness are determined for a thermoformed part. It is shown that the calculated results are quite sensitive to perturbations in the specified initial temperature profile and thus the practical application of optimal temperature distributions may require high precision thermal sensors and controls. This initial temperature distribution can then be used for the determination of desired heating patterns on zone-controlled heaters of a thermoforming machine using transient heat transfer analysis.

scholarly journals Development of a Pultrusion Die for the Production of Thermoplastic Composite Filaments to Be Used in Additive Manufacture

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Filipe Ferreira ◽  
Pedro Fernandes ◽  
Nuno Correia ◽  
António Torres Marques
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Filament Winding ◽  
Thermoplastic Composite ◽  
Additive Manufacture ◽  
Void Content ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Structural Applications

The use of 3D printing has proven to have significant benefits to manufacture components with complex geometries with several types of materials and reinforcements for a wide variety of uses including structural applications. The focus of this study is to develop and implement a thermoplastic pultrusion process that can obtain a carbon fiber/polypropylene (CF/PP) filament for a 3D printing process. This development process included the design and finite element analysis of the die used to conform the filament, considering the adaptation of a filament-winding setup to achieve adequate production conditions. The finite element model tried to achieve homogeneous heating of the die with the use of a series of resistors controlled by PID controllers monitoring several thermocouples strategically positioned while the use of water circulating channels was responsible for the cooling effect. The die-heating environment is optimized for different scenarios with different initial temperatures, cooling temperatures, and pulling speeds. A series of experiments were performed under different conditions, such as different heating temperatures and pulling speeds to analyze the quality of the filament produced. The obtained filaments presented an average diameter of 1.94 mm, fiber volume fraction of 43.76%, and void content of 6.97%.

scholarly journals Temperature Distribution Analysis of Composite Heat Sink (Pin Fin) by Experimental and Finite Element Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 018-023
Author(s):  
Karthick A
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Heat Transfer Analysis ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Pin Fin ◽  
Complicated Geometries ◽  
Element Method

Design of machine components plays a vital role in the field of Engineering where it includes the shape of component, size, applied loads, position and materials used. Due to the applied loads namely static, thermal and combined loads etc., the component undergoes stresses and deformations which affect the life of component and also the system. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is a numerical tool used for solving problems of engineering and mathematical problems in the fields of structural analysis, heat transfer, fluid flow, mass transport etc., For problems involving complicated geometries, loadings and material properties, it is generally not possible to obtain analytical solutions. These solutions generally require the ordinary or partial differential equations. Because of the complicated geometries, loadings and material properties, the solution can’t be obtained easily. So, in FEM the complicated shape of the component is divided in to small entities called elements. Element characteristics are studied and then all the elements are combined to make a single system of component. In the present work, Experiments have been conducted to find the temperature distribution within the pin fin made of composite metals and steady state heat transfer analysis has been carried using a finite element software ANSYS to test and validate results. The temperature distribution at different regions of pin fin are evaluated by FEM and compared with the results obtained by experimental work. The results are in good agreement and thus validated.

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