Single-Phase Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in Micropipes

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Piero Celata
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Laminar Flow ◽  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Transfer Rate ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Flow Transition ◽  
Laminar And Turbulent Regimes ◽  
Good Agreement

The objective of the present paper is to provide a general overview of the research carried out so far in single-phase heat transfer and flow in capillary (micro) pipes. Laminar flow and laminar-to-turbulent flow transition are analyzed in detail in order to clarify the discrepancies among the results obtained by different researchers. Experiments performed in the ENEA laboratory indicate that in laminar flow regime the friction factor is in good agreement with the Hagen-Poiseuille theory for Reynolds number below 600–800. For higher values of Reynolds number, experimental data depart from the Hagen-Poiseuille law to the side of higher f values. The transition from laminar-to-turbulent flow occurs for Reynolds number in the range 1800–2500. Heat transfer experiments show that heat transfer correlations in laminar and turbulent regimes, developed for conventional (macro) tubes, are not properly adequate for heat transfer rate prediction in microtubes.

Water Single-Phase Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Capillary Tubes

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bucci ◽  
G. P. Celata ◽  
M. Cumo ◽  
E. Serra ◽  
G. Zummo
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Laminar Flow ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Heat Transfer Correlations ◽  
Good Agreement

This paper reports the results of an experimental investigation of fluid flow and single-phase heat transfer of water in stainless steel capillary tubes. Three tube diameters are tested: 172 μm, 290 μm and 520 μm, while the Reynolds number varying from 200 up to 6000. Fluid flow experimental results indicate that in laminar flow regime the friction factor is in good agreement with the Hagen-Poiseuille theory for Reynolds number below 800–1000. For higher values of Reynolds number, experimental data depart from the Hagen-Poiseuille law to the side of higher f values. The transition from laminar to turbulent regime occurs for Reynolds number in the range 1800–3000. This transition is found in good agreement with the well known flow transition for rough commercial tubes. Heat transfer experiments show that heat transfer correlations in laminar and turbulent regimes, developed for conventional size tubes, are not adequate for calculation of heat transfer coefficient in microtubes. In laminar flow the experimental values of heat transfer coefficient are generally higher than those calculated with the classical correlation, while in turbulent flow regime experimental data do not deviate significantly from classical heat transfer correlations. Deviation from classical heat transfer correlations increase as the channel diameter decrease.

Heat and mass transfer from rotating cones

1963 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Tien ◽  
D. T. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Laminar Flow ◽  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Heat And Mass Transfer ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Sublimation Rate ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
Good Agreement

Heat transfer by convection from isothermal rotating cones is investigated experimentally by measuring the sublimation rate from naphthalene-coated cones and using the analogy between heat and mass transfer. Measurements are made for a range of conditions from entirely laminar flow to conditions when the outer 70% of the surface area is covered by turbulent flow. Mass-transfer measurements for laminar flow over cones of vertex angles 180°, 150°, 120° and 90° are in good agreement with the theoretical prediction. For turbulent flow, experimental results for cones of the above vertex angles also agree very well with the semi-empirical analogy calculations for the disk case. A different heat- and mass-transfer relationship with the rotational Reynolds number is observed in the measurements on the 60° cone, and is believed to be due to a change of flow characteristics. The instability and the transition of flows over different cone models are also discussed.

A Study of Flow of Plastics Through Pipes

1946 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. A101-A105
Author(s):  
R. C. Binder ◽  
J. E. Busher
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Laminar Flow ◽  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Dynamic Viscosity ◽  
Apparent Viscosity ◽  
Turbulent Viscosity ◽  
Yield Value

Abstract The pipe friction coefficient for true fluids is usually expressed as a function of Reynolds number. This method of organizing data has been extended to tests on the flow of different suspensions which behaved as ideal plastics in the laminar-flow range and as true fluids in the turbulent-flow range. In the laminar-flow range, Reynolds number below about 2100, the denominator in Reynolds number is taken as the apparent viscosity. The apparent viscosity can be determined from the yield value and the coefficient of rigidity. In the turbulent-flow range, the denominator in Reynolds number is an equivalent or turbulent viscosity equal to the dynamic viscosity of a true fluid having the same friction coefficient, velocity, diameter, and density as that of the plastic. The various experimental data on plastics correlate well with this extension of the method for true fluids.

Entropy Generation Minimization of Fully Developed Internal Convective Flows With Constant Heat Flux

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric B. Ratts ◽  
Atul G. Raut
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Laminar Flow ◽  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Entropy Generation ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Constant Heat Flux ◽  
Constant Heat ◽  
Entropy Generation Minimization

This paper addresses the thermodynamic optimum of single-phase convective heat transfer in fully developed flow for uniform and constant heat flux. The optimal Reynolds number is obtained using the entropy generation minimization (EGM) method. Entropy generation due to viscous dissipation and heat transfer dissipation in the flow passage are summed, and then minimized with respect to Reynolds number based on hydraulic diameter. For fixed mass flow rate and fixed total heat transfer rate, and the assumption of uniform heat flux, an optimal Reynolds number for laminar as well as turbulent flow is obtained. In addition, the method quantifies the flow irreversibilities. It was shown that the ratio of heat transfer dissipation to viscous dissipation at minimum entropy generation was 5:1 for laminar flow and 29:9 for turbulent flow. For laminar flow, the study compared non-circular cross-sections to the circular cross-section. The optimal Reynolds number was determined for the following cross-sections: square, equilateral triangle, and rectangle with aspect ratios of two and eight. It was shown that the rectangle with the higher aspect ratio had the smallest optimal Reynolds number, the smallest entropy generation number, and the smallest flow length.

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE BEHAVIOURS OF SINGLE-PHASE TURBULENT FLOW AT LOW TO MODERATE REYNOLDS NUMBERS THROUGH A VERTICAL PIPE. PART I: 2D COUNTERS ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
pp. 108-122
Author(s):  
Akeel M. Ali Morad ◽  
Rafi M. Qasim ◽  
Amjed Ahmed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Laminar Flow ◽  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Mixing Length ◽  
Shearing Force ◽  
Vertical Pipe ◽  
Moderate Reynolds Number

This study presents a model to investigate the behavior of the single-phase turbulent flow at low to moderate Reynolds number of water through the vertical pipe through (2D) contour analysis. The model constructed based on governing equations of an incompressible Reynolds Average Navier-Stokes (RANS) model with (k-ε) method to observe the parametric determinations such as velocity profile, static pressure profile, turbulent kinetic energy consumption, and turbulence shear wall flows. The water is used with three velocities values obtained of (0.087, 0.105, and 0.123 m/s) to represent turbulent flow under low to moderate Reynolds number of the pipe geometry of (1 m) length with a (50.8 mm) inner diameter. The water motion behavior inside the pipe shows by using [COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4 and FLUENT 16.1] Software. It is concluded that the single-phase laminar flow of a low velocity, but obtained a higher shearing force; while the turbulent flow of higher fluid velocity but obtained the rate of dissipation of shearing force is lower than that for laminar flow. The entrance mixing length is affected directly with pattern of fluid flow. At any increasing in fluid velocity, the entrance mixing length is increase too, due to of fluid kinetic viscosity changes. The results presented the trends of parametric determinations variation through the (2D) counters analysis of the numerical model. When fluid velocity increased, the shearing force affected directly on the layer near-wall pipe. This leads to static pressure decreases with an increase in fluid velocities. While the momentum changed could be played interaction rules between the fluid layers near the wall pipe with inner pipe wall. Finally, the agreement between present results with the previous study of [1] is satisfied with the trend

Heat transfer from hypersonic turbulent flow at a wedge compression corner

1972 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. Coleman ◽  
J. L. Stollery
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Turbulent Boundary Layer ◽  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Heat Transfer Rate ◽  
Transfer Rate ◽  
Separated Flows ◽  
Rate Distribution ◽  
Compression Corner

A hypersonic gun tunnel has been used to measure the heat-transfer-rate distribution over a compression corner under turbulent boundary-layer conditions. Attached, incipient and separated flows are considered. The results are compared with other experimental data and with the predictions of a simple theory.

scholarly journals New Perspective for Heat Transfer Evaluation During Film Condensation Inside Tubes

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 390-402
Author(s):  
Yanán Camaraza-Medina
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Film Condensation ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Vertical Tubes

This paper presents the main results of the research developed by the author in his postdoctoral investigations on heat transfer calculations during film condensation inside tubes. The elements studied are combined in an analysis expression that provides a reasonable fit with the available experimental data, which includes a total of 22 fluids, including water, refrigerants and a wide range of organic substances, which condense inside horizontal, inclined and vertical tubes. These experimental data were obtained from the reports of 33 sources. Available data covers tube diameters from 2 to 50 mm, mass flow rates from 3 to 850 kg/(m2s), reduced pressures ranging from 0.0008 to 0.91, values for single-phase from 1 to , Reynolds number for two-phase from 900 to 594390, Reynolds number for single-phase from 65 to 84950 and vapor quality from 0.01 to 0.99. The mean deviation found for the analyzed data for horizontal tubes was 13.4%, while for the inclined and vertical tubes data the mean deviation was 14.9%. In all cases, the agreement of the proposed model is good enough to be considered satisfactory for practical design.

Experimental Study on Thermal-Hydraulic Performance of Single-Phase Water Flow in Narrow Rectangular Channel

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Wang ◽  
Yan Wen ◽  
Suizheng Qiu ◽  
Guanghui Su ◽  
Weifeng Ni
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Nusselt Number ◽  
Laminar Flow ◽  
Friction Factor ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Rectangular Channel ◽  
Flow Region ◽  
Phase Water

The purpose of this study is to discover the differences of pressure drop and heat transfer of single-phase water flow between conventional channels and narrow rectangular channels. Furthermore, the differences between the level and the vertical channel have been studied. The gap of the test channel is 1.8mm. Compared with conventional channels, the narrow rectangular channel showed differences in both flow and heat transfer characteristics. The critical Reynolds number of transition from laminar flow to turbulent flow is 900∼1300, which is smaller compared with conventional channels. The friction factor is larger than that of the conventional channels and the correlation of friction factor with Reynolds number was given by experimental results. From the relation graph of Nusselt number and Reynolds number, the demarcation of the laminar flow region and turbulence flow region is obvious. In laminar region, Nusselt number almost remained constant and approximately consistent with numerical simulation results. While in turbulent region, Nusselt number increased significantly with increasing Reynolds number. A new Nusselt number correlation was obtained based on Dittus-Boelter equation, and the coefficients were less about 13% than that of Dittus-Boelter equation.

Forced-Convection Heat Transfer from Irregular Melting Wavy Boundaries

1979 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-S. Hsu ◽  
F. A. Locher ◽  
J. F. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Phase Shift ◽  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Transfer Rate ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Convection Heat Transfer ◽  
Convection Heat ◽  
Random Boundary ◽  
Wavy Surfaces

The problem of turbulent flow past freezing or melting ice is formulated for the case of random boundary waves, with particular attention to the distribution of heat-transfer rate along wavy surfaces. Relations are obtained for the celerity and unsteady spectrum of the boundary waves. The results of 21 laboratory experiments are reported and used to establish the values of certain quantities appearing in the heat-transfer relation adopted. The velocity Reynolds number of the phase shift between the boundary waves and heat-transfer variation is found to have a nearly constant value of 4 × 104.

SINGLE-PHASE HEAT TRANSFER AND PRESSURE DROP INSIDE INTERNALLY HELICAL-GROOVED HORIZONTAL SMALL-DIAMETER TUBES

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (04) ◽  
pp. 1250022 ◽  
Author(s):  
NORIHIRO INOUE ◽  
JUNYA ICHINOSE
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Laminar Flow ◽  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Flow Region ◽  
Helix Angle ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficients

An experimental study on pressure drop and heat transfer in single-phase was carried out using 10 types of internally helical-grooved and smooth small-diameter tubes with an outside diameter of 4 mm. The results are listed below: (1) In the turbulent flow region, fin height had the greatest effect, helix angle had only a minor effect, and the number of grooves had almost no effect upon the pressure drop versus the mass flow rate of the 4-mm grooved small-diameter tubes. In the laminar flow region, except for fin height, the shapes of the internal grooves had scarcely any effect upon pressure drop. (2) In the turbulent flow region, the heat transfer coefficients of the 4-mm grooved small-diameter tubes were greatly affected by fin height. The heat transfer coefficients became the maximum when a helix angle was near 15°, and there is a different tendency in the experiments of the pressure drop. On the other hand, there is almost no effect of the number of grooves. In the laminar flow region, there were no large differences in the heat transfer coefficients between the internally helical-grooved tubes and smooth small-diameter tube. (3) New empirical correlations for the friction factor and heat transfer coefficient in the laminar and turbulent flow regions were developed based on the experimental values. (4) The performance assessment in consideration of both heat transfer and pressure drop was indicated by using Colburn's analogy.

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