Investigation on the Impact of Fuel Properties on Partially Premixed Combustion Characteristics in a Light Duty Diesel Engine

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadeel Solaka ◽  
Martin Tunér ◽  
Bengt Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Premixed Combustion ◽  
Unburned Hydrocarbon ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Start Of Injection ◽  
Partially Premixed Combustion ◽  
Rise Rate ◽  
Partially Premixed ◽  
The Impact

The impact of fuel composition on the emission performance and combustion characteristics for partially premixed combustion (PPC) were examined for four fuels in the gasoline boiling range together with Swedish diesel MK1. Experiments were carried out at 8 bar IMEPg and 1500 rpm with 53±1% EGR and λ = 1.5. This relation gave inlet mole fractions of approximately 5% CO2 and 13% O2. The combustion phasing was adjusted by means of start of injection (SOI), for all fuels, over the range with stable combustion and acceptable pressure rise rate combined with maintained λ, EGR ratio, inlet pressure, and load. The operating range was limited by combustion instability for the high RON fuels, while MK1 and the low RON fuels could be operated over the whole MBT plateau. The largest difference in engine-out emissions between the fuels was the filtered smoke number (FSN), as the gasoline fuels produced a much lower FSN value than MK1. Higher RON value gave higher levels of carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbon (HC) for the gasoline fuels, while MK1 had the lowest levels of these emissions.

Characterization of Partially Premixed Combustion With Ethanol: EGR Sweeps, Low and Maximum Loads

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittorio Manente ◽  
Bengt Johansson ◽  
Pert Tunestal
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Premixed Combustion ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Pressure Rise Rate ◽  
Start Of Injection ◽  
Partially Premixed Combustion ◽  
Rise Rate ◽  
Partially Premixed ◽  
Gas Recirculation

Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) sweeps were performed on ethanol partially premixed combustion (PPC) to show different emission and efficiency trends as compared with diesel PPC. The sweeps showed that when the EGR rate is increased, the efficiency does not diminish, HC trace is flat, and CO is low even with 45% of EGR. NOx exponentially decreases by increasing EGR while soot levels are nearly zero throughout the sweep. The EGR sweeps underlined that at high EGR levels, the pressure rise rate is a concern. To overcome this problem and keep high efficiency and low emissions, a sweep in the timing of the pilot injection and pilot-main ratio was done at ∼16.5 bars gross IMEP. It was found that with a pilot-main ratio of 50:50, and by placing the pilot at −60 with 42% of EGR, NOx and soot are below EURO VI levels; the indicated efficiency is 47% and the maximum pressure rise rate is below 10 bar/CAD. Low load conditions were examined as well. It was found that by placing the start of injection at −35 top dead center, the efficiency is maximized, on the other hand, when the injection is at −25, the emissions are minimized, and the efficiency is only 1.64% lower than its optimum value. The idle test also showed that a certain amount of EGR is needed in order to minimize the pressure rise rate.

Characterization of Partially Premixed Combustion With Ethanol: EGR Sweeps, Low and Maximum Loads

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittorio Manente ◽  
Bengt Johansson ◽  
Pert Tunestal
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Premixed Combustion ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Pressure Rise Rate ◽  
Partially Premixed Combustion ◽  
Rise Rate ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Partially Premixed

EGR sweeps were performed on Ethanol Partially Premixed Combustion, PPC, to show different emission and efficiency trends as compared to Diesel PPC. The sweeps showed that increasing the EGR rate the efficiency does not diminish, HC trace is flat and CO is low even with 45% of EGR. NOx exponentially decreases by increasing EGR while soot levels are nearly zero throughout the sweep. The EGR sweeps underlined that at high EGR levels, the pressure rise rate is a concern. To overcome this problem and keep high efficiency and low emissions a sweep in timing of the pilot injection and pilot-main ratio was done at ∼16.5 bar gross IMEP. It was found that with a pilot-main ratio of 50–50 and by placing the pilot at −60 with 42% of EGR, NOx and soot are below EURO VI levels, the indicated efficiency is 47% and the maximum pressure rise rate is below 10 bar/CAD. Low load conditions were examined as well. It was found that by placing the SOI at −35 TDC the efficiency is maximized on the other hand when the injection is at −25 the emissions are minimized and the efficiency is only 1.64% lower than its optimum value. The idle test also showed that a certain amount of EGR is needed in order to minimize the pressure rise rate.

Fuel Stratification and Partially Premixed Combustion With Neat N-Butanol in a Compression Ignition Engine

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shouvik Dev ◽  
Tongyang Gao ◽  
Xiao Yu ◽  
Mark Ives ◽  
Ming Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Direct Injection ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Premixed Combustion ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Engine Load ◽  
Fuel Stratification ◽  
Partially Premixed Combustion ◽  
Rise Rate ◽  
Partially Premixed

Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) has been considered as an ideal combustion mode for compression ignition engines due to its superb thermal efficiency and low emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). However, a challenge that limits practical applications of HCCI is the lack of control over the combustion rate, which either deteriorates thermal efficiency at low engine load, or produces excessive pressure rise rate and combustion noise at high engine load. Fuel stratification and partially premixed combustion (PPC) have considerably improved the control over the heat release profile with modulations of the ratio between premixed fuel and directly injected fuel, as well as injection timing for ignition initiation. It leverages the advantages of both conventional direct injection compression ignition and HCCI. Compared with those of HCCI, the ignition ability and combustion efficiency of PPC are significantly enhanced at low engine load, and the low emissions of NOx and PM are maintained with lower pressure rise rate. In this study, neat n-butanol is employed to generate the fuel stratification and partially premixed combustion in a single cylinder compression ignition engine. A fuel such as n-butanol can provide additional benefits of even lower emissions, and can potentially lead to a reduced carbon footprint and improved energy security if produced appropriately from biomass sources. Intake port fuel injection (PFI) of neat n-butanol is used for the delivery of the premixed fuel, while the direct injection (DI) of neat n-butanol is applied to generate the fuel stratification. Effects of PFI-DI fuel ratio, DI timing, and intake pressure, on the combustion, are studied in detail. Different conditions are identified at which clean and efficient combustion can be achieved at a baseline load of 6 bar IMEP. An extended load of 14 bar IMEP is demonstrated using stratified combustion with combustion phasing control.

Partially premixed combustion based on different injection strategies in a light-duty diesel engine

Energy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 155-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Qiu ◽  
Xiaobei Cheng ◽  
Bei Liu ◽  
Shijun Dong ◽  
Zufeng Bao
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Premixed Combustion ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Partially Premixed Combustion ◽  
Partially Premixed ◽  
Injection Strategies

Dilution Effects on Partially-Premixed Combustion of an Ultra-Low Sulphur Diesel Fuel Under Low-Load Operation

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cosmin E. Dumitrescu ◽  
W. Stuart Neill ◽  
Hongsheng Guo ◽  
Wallace L. Chippior
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Premixed Combustion ◽  
Start Of Injection ◽  
Partially Premixed Combustion ◽  
Partially Premixed ◽  
Heavy Duty Diesel ◽  
Hc Emissions ◽  
Dilution Effects

Dilution of partially-premixed combustion (PPC) using different combinations of excess air (λ>1) and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) was investigated in a single-cylinder, heavy-duty diesel engine equipped with common-rail fuel injection. The experiments were limited to a single fuel injection event using ultra-low sulphur diesel fuel at a low engine load (∼3 bar BMEP) and engine speeds of 900 and 1350 rpm. The start of injection was varied to optimize the combustion performance and emissions. The experimental results show that increasing air dilution at constant EGR reduced BSFC slightly. CO and HC emissions decreased significantly due to the increased oxygen concentration, but NOx and soot emissions increased. For a given level of charge dilution, there was an optimal EGR rate to minimize BSFC. NOx emissions decreased significantly as the proportion of dilution by EGR was increased, but CO and HC emissions increased due to the reduced in-cylinder temperature and oxygen concentration, which increased the combustion duration.

Fundamental Study of Spray and Partially Premixed Combustion of Methane/Air Mixture

2012 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Askari ◽  
Hameed Metghalchi ◽  
Siamak Kazemzadeh Hannani ◽  
Ali Moghaddas ◽  
Reza Ebrahimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Injection ◽  
Cone Angle ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Constant Volume ◽  
Premixed Combustion ◽  
Chamber Pressure ◽  
Spray Cone ◽  
Partially Premixed Combustion ◽  
Homogeneous Combustion ◽  
Partially Premixed

This study presents fundamentals of spray and partially premixed combustion characteristics of directly injected methane in a constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC). The constant volume vessel is a cylinder with inside diameter of 135 mm and inside height of 135 mm. Two end of the vessel are equipped with optical windows. A high speed complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) camera capable of capturing pictures up to 40,000 frames per second is used to observe flow conditions inside the chamber. The injected fuel jet generates turbulence in the vessel and forms a turbulent heterogeneous fuel–air mixture in the vessel, similar to that in a compressed natural gas (CNG) direct-injection (DI) engine. The fuel–air mixture is ignited by centrally located electrodes at a given spark delay timing of 1, 40, 75, and 110 ms. In addition to the four delay times, a 5 min waiting period was used in order to make sure of having laminar homogeneous combustion. Spray development and characterization including spray tip penetration (STP), spray cone angle (SCA), and overall equivalence ratio were investigated under 30–90 bar fuel pressures and 1–5 bar chamber pressure. Flame propagation images and combustion characteristics were determined via pressure-derived parameters and analyzed at a fuel pressure of 90 bar and a chamber pressure of 1 bar at different stratification ratios (S.R.) (from 0% to 100%) at overall equivalence ratios of 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0. Shorter combustion duration and higher combustion pressure were observed in direct injection-type combustion at all fuel air equivalence ratios compared to those of homogeneous combustion.

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