Characterization of the Viscosity of Blends of Dimethyl Ether With Various Fuels and Additives

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirish Bhide ◽  
David Morris ◽  
Jonathan Leroux ◽  
Kimberly S. Wain ◽  
Joseph M. Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Ether ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Mixture Fraction ◽  
Capillary Viscometer ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Blend Ratios ◽  
Low Sulfur

Dimethyl ether (DME) is a potential ultra clean diesel fuel. Dimethyl ether burns without producing the smoke associated with diesel combustion and can be manufactured from synthesis gas or methanol. However, DME has a low viscosity compared to diesel fuel and has insufficient lubricity to prevent exc essive wear in fuel injection systems. One strategy to utilize DME is to blend it with diesel fuel to obtain cleaner burning fuels that retain satisfactory fuel properties. In the present work, the viscosity of blends of DME and various fuels and additives was characterized, including a federal low sulfur fuel, soybean oil, biodiesel and various lubricity additives, over a range of blend ratios. A methodology was developed to utilize a high pressure capillary viscometer to measure the viscosity of pure DME and blends of DME and other compounds in varying proportions and at pressures up to 3500 psig. While DME is miscible in diesel fuel at any mixture fraction when the blend is held under pressures of 75 psi or above, the viscosity of the blends is below the ASTM diesel fuel specification for even a 25 wt.% blend of DME in diesel fuel. None of the additives or fuels provides adequate viscosity when blended with DME unless the blend contains less than 50% DME. Viscosity, rather than lubricity, may be the limiting factor in utilizing DME.

Dimethyl Ether in Diesel Fuel Injection Systems

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer C. Sorenson ◽  
Michael Glensvig ◽  
Duane L. Abata
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Ether ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Diesel Fuel Injection

Impact of increased injector nozzle hole diameters on engine performance, exhaust particle distribution and methane and formaldehyde emissions during dimethyl ether operation

2019 ◽  
pp. 146808741986095
Author(s):  
Marius Zubel ◽  
Bastian Lehrheuer ◽  
Stefan Pischinger
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Ether ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Volumetric Heating ◽  
Nozzle Hole

E-Fuels can play a significant role in decarbonizing the transport sector. Among the potential E-fuels, dimethyl ether is a promising candidate for the combustion in compression ignition engines. Together with methanol, it can be produced from synthesis gas in a combined single-step process. However, due to the low volumetric heating value of dimethyl ether, the fuel injection system has to be modified to realize higher fuel flow rates. In this study, two injectors with increased nozzle hole diameters have been investigated, and their impact on engine performance, particle number distribution and formaldehyde as well as methane emissions was assessed. It was found that with dimethyl ether as fuel, the indicated efficiency at high load could be increased by over 1% compared to operation with conventional diesel fuel. The main reason for this is lower wall heat loss. Furthermore, almost no particle emission was found during dimethyl ether operation with the smaller nozzle. With the larger nozzle hole diameter, increased particle concentrations were measured at high loads. But these were still much lower compared to the corresponding diesel fuel combustion. Regarding formaldehyde and methane, higher emissions were found for the dimethyl ether combustion compared to diesel fuel combustion. It is assumed that this is due to the increased formaldehyde and methane production of dimethyl ether during high temperature pyrolysis and oxidation. The increased hydrocarbon emissions could have been caused by fuel dripping from the nozzle after the end of the injection event.

Preparation and Characterization of Diesel Fuel-Based Magnetic Fluids

2013 ◽  
Vol 873 ◽  
pp. 819-824
Author(s):  
Zhi Li Zhang ◽  
Pei Song Duan ◽  
Dan Shi ◽  
De Cai Li
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Magnetic Fluids ◽  
High Saturation Magnetization ◽  
Carrier Liquid ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Coating Time ◽  
High Application

Among different types of magnetic fluids, diesel fuel-based magnetic fluids have a high application value because of low viscosity, low volatile and cheap carrier liquid. In this paper, Fe3O4 nanomagnetic particles were prepared, optional technological conditions were determined. It was that concentration of the reactors was 0.6mol/L, reaction temperature was 70°C and reaction time was 1h. Then it was found that the appropriate coating time for surfactant was 4 hours. The particles prepared under this process had the high saturation magnetization and preferable dispersibility. Finally by ultrasonic oscillating combined with mechanical raking, diesel fuel-based Fe3O4 magnetic fluids were prepared.

Model Tests for Evaluating the Impact of Low Viscosity Tailor-Made Biofuels on Tribological Contacts in Injection Pumps

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Heitzig ◽  
Alexander Weinebeck ◽  
Hubertus Murrenhoff
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Injection Pump ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fuel Lubricity

In the scope of the cluster of excellence “Tailor-made Fuels from Biomass” new biofuels are developed within an interdisciplinary research approach at RWTH Aachen University. To ensure a safe and reliable functioning of the new fuels in combination with state of the art fuel injection equipment, every fuel has to fulfil requirements regarding its tribological performance, which depends on characteristics like dynamic viscosity and fuel lubricity. Hence, one focus of the cluster lies on the tribological characteristics of the fuel candidates. Biofuel candidates which have been investigated so far and which are suitable for the use in self-ignition engines as surrogates for fossil diesel fuel tend to have lower viscosities and show varying lubrication behaviour, compared to diesel. As a standard test method for diesel fuel lubricity the HFRR test is well established. Nevertheless, relying on the established diesel-pass/fail criterion, which is defined in several norms, is disputable, since the investigated biofuels differ strongly from modern diesel fuels. To identify the relevant fuel properties and to gain a more detailed understanding of the wear and friction processes within the critical contacts, results of different tribological test methods, including the HFRR test and a disc-on-disc tribometer, are presented, compared and discussed in this paper. In order to estimate the validity of the established HFRR pass/fail criterion for low viscosity biofuels the experimental results are compared to simulation outcomes of elasto-hydrodynamic simulations of the main tribological contacts in a standard common rail injection pump.

The Effect of Injection Timing, Enhanced Aftercooling, and Low-Sulfur, Low-Aromatic Diesel Fuel on Locomotive Exhaust Emissions

1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. O. Markworth ◽  
S. G. Fritz ◽  
G. R. Cataldi
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Low Sulfur

An experimental study was performed to demonstrate the fuel economy and exhaust emissions implications of retarding fuel injection timing, enhancing charge air aftercooling, and using low-sulfur, low-aromatic diesel fuel for locomotive engines. Steady-state gaseous and particulate emissions data are presented from two 12-cylinder diesel locomotive engines. The two laboratory engines, an EMD 645E3B and a GE 7FDL, are each rated at 1860 kW (2500 hp) and represent the majority of the locomotive fleet in North America. Each engine was tested for total hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and particulate. Emissions were measured at three steady-state operating conditions: rated speed and load, idle, and an intermediate speed and load. Test results on the EMD engine indicate that a 4 deg injection timing retard, along with a low-sulfur, low-aromatic fuel and enhanced aftercooling, was effective in reducing NOx from 10.5 g/hp-h to 7.2 g/hp-h; however, particulates increased from 0.15 g/hp-h to 0.19 g/hp-h, and fuel efficiency was 4.3 percent worse. Similar observations were made with the GE engine. This paper gives details on the test engines, the measurement procedures, and the emissions results.

Research Status and Development Trend of Dimethyl Ether Fuel Supply System

2014 ◽  
Vol 940 ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
Jing Sun ◽  
Guang De Zhang ◽  
Cai Xia You ◽  
Qiang Yao ◽  
Zhong Hai Hou
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Ether ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Fuel Supply ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Fuel Delivery ◽  
Fuel Supply System

A survey of study on dimethyl ether engine fuel supply system at home and abroad was described, including pump-pipe-nozzle system and common-rail fuel supply system. The main trouble of practical application of dimethyl ether engine is wear and leakage problems in the fuel delivery system caused by low viscosity of dimethyl ether. For controllable premixed combustion of dimethyl ether engine, a fuel injection system is developed which is consisted of a diaphragm pump and a wear self-compensation nozzle or an independent lubrication nozzle. The system is expected to solve the above problems essentially and becomes a development direction for the future.

scholarly journals Combustion and Emissions Investigation on Low-Speed Two-Stroke Marine Diesel Engine with Low Sulfur Diesel Fuel

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Yang ◽  
Qinming Tan ◽  
Peng Geng
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Marine Diesel Engine ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
Test Engine ◽  
Low Sulfur

Abstract With the implementation and expansion of international sulfur emission control areas, effectively promoted the marine low sulfur diesel fuel (MLSDF) used in marine diesel engines. In this study, a large low-speed, two-stroke, cross-head, common rail, electronic fuel injection marine diesel engine (B&W 6S35ME-B9) was used for the study. According to diesel engine’s propulsion characteristics, experiments were launched respectively at 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% load working conditions with marine low sulfur diesel fuel to analyze the fuel consumption, combustion characteristics and emissions (NOx, CO2, CO, HC) characteristics. The results showed that: Marine diesel engine usually took fuel injection after top dead center to ensure their safety control NOx emission. From 25% to 75% load working condition, engine’s combustion timing gradually moved forward and the inflection points of pressure curve after top dead center also followed forward. While it is necessary to control pressure and reduce NOx emission by delaying fuel injection timing at 100% load. Engine’s in-cylinder pressure, temperature, and cumulative heat release were increased with load increasing. Engine’s CO2 and HC emissions were significantly reduced from 25% to 75% load, while they were increased slightly at 100% load. Moreover, the fuel consumption rate had a similar variation and the lowest was only 178 g/kW·h at 75% load of the test engine with MLSDF. HC or CO emissions at four tests’ working conditions were below 1.23 g/kW·h and the maximum difference was 0.2 or 0.4 g/kW·h respectively, which meant that combustion efficiency of the test engine with MLSDF is good. Although the proportion of NOx in exhaust gas increased with engine’s load increasing, but NOx emissions were always between 12.5 and 13.0 g/kW·h, which was less than 14.4 g/kW·h. Thus, the test engine had good emissions performance with MLSDF, which could meet current emission requirements of the International Maritime Organization.

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