Application of Dual-Fuel™ Engine Technology for On-Highway Vehicles

Design, Application, Performance and Emissions of Modern Internal Combustion Engine Systems and Components ◽

10.1115/ices2003-0586 ◽

2003 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ryan A. Erickson ◽

Kevin Campbell ◽

David L. Morgan

Keyword(s):

Dual Fuel ◽

Compression Ignition ◽

Electronic Control ◽

Lean Burn ◽

The Road ◽

Low Emission ◽

Clean Air ◽

On The Road ◽

Natural Gas Emissions ◽

Fuel Technology

Dual-Fuel™ technology combines compression-ignition efficiency with natural gas emissions to create a popular platform for heavy-duty, on-highway, low-emission vehicles. This paper will summarize that technology for on-highway vehicles, benefits to the customer, and commercial issues and trends. Clean Air Partner’s lean-burn Dual-Fuel technology includes electronic control of multi-point, port gas injection, pilot diesel timing and quantity, and lambda (excess air ratio) on a compression-ignition platform. Performance benefits include low emissions plus diesel-like efficiency, power, and torque. There are approximately 1500 CAP Dual-Fuel vehicles on the road in nine countries on four continents. Stringent environmental regulations require new approaches; CAP has developed, adopted, and acquired several technologies to meet this challenge. CAP has also transferred the core Dual-Fuel™ technology from low emissions vehicles to stationary engines for the power generation market.

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Electronic control unit development and emissions evaluation for hydrogen–diesel dual-fuel engines

Advances in Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.1177/1687814018814076 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 168781401881407

Author(s):

Yasin Karagöz ◽

Majid Mohammad Sadeghi

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engines ◽

Working Condition ◽

Electronic Control Unit ◽

Control Unit ◽

Dual Fuel ◽

Hydrogen Energy ◽

Compression Ignition ◽

Electronic Control ◽

Fuel System ◽

Compression Ignition Engines

In this study, it was aimed to operate today’s compression ignition engines easily in dual-fuel mode with a developed electronic control unit. Especially, diesel engines with mechanical fuel system can be easily converted to common-rail fuel system with a developed electronic control unit. Also, with this developed electronic control unit, old technology compression ignition engines can be turned into dual-fuel mode easily. Thus, thanks to the flexibility of engine maps to be loaded into the electronic control unit, diesel engines can conveniently be operated with alternative gas fuels and diesel dual fuel. In particular, hydrogen, an alternative, environmentally friendly, and clean gas fuel, can easily be used with diesel engines by pilot spraying. Software and hardware development of electronic control unit are made, in order to operate a diesel engine with diesel+hydrogen dual fuel. Finally, developed electronic control unit was reviewed on 1500 r/min stable engine speed on different hydrogen energy rates (0%, 15%, 30%, and 45% hydrogen) according to thermic efficiency and emissions (CO, total unburned hydrocarbons, NOx, and smoke), and apart from NOx emissions, a significant improvement has been obtained. There was no increased NOx emission on 15% hydrogen working condition; however, on 45% hydrogen working condition, a dramatic increase arose.

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Brake systems: a mind of their own

Digital Evidence and Electronic Signature Law Review ◽

10.14296/deeslr.v18i0.5278 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 27-34

Author(s):

Michael Ellims

Keyword(s):

Failure Modes ◽

Electronic Control ◽

Hydraulic Systems ◽

Control Software ◽

The Road ◽

Current Production ◽

On The Road ◽

High Level ◽

Electronic Sensors ◽

Systems Failure

Brake systems fitted to current production vehicles are not the relativity straightforward hydraulic systems that many people expect. Rather they have evolved into complex systems which are on their own deliberately capable of affecting the behaviour of a vehicle. Crucially they depend on computers, software and electronic sensors to allow them to form a model of how the vehicle is expected to behave on the road and how it is actually behaving. Like any artefact they can, and do fail. This paper provides a high-level overview of the braking systems currently in place, how these systems act and present some examples of how they have failed in practice. Index words: vehicles; vehicle electronics; electronic control; software; brake systems; failure modes

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Incorporating Feedback in Travel Forecasting

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.3141/1607-25 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 1607 (1) ◽

pp. 185-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

William R. Loudon ◽

Janaki Parameswaran ◽

Brian Gardner

Keyword(s):

Quality Analysis ◽

Stable Set ◽

Emission Rates ◽

The Road ◽

Modeling Process ◽

Travel Forecasting ◽

Transportation Modeling ◽

Distribution Mode ◽

Clean Air ◽

On The Road

The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA) introduced new requirements for how transportation modeling for air quality analysis must be performed in nonattainment areas. Because of the degree to which vehicle emission rates (on a grams-per-mile basis) are affected by speed, specific attention has been given to how speeds are estimated and subsequently used in the travel forecasting and emissions estimation process. CAAA and guidelines issued in the years following introduction of the act require that speeds used in the process be realistic in comparison to what might be observed on the road and be reasonably consistent throughout the modeling process. In most traditional modeling processes that model trip generation, trip distribution, mode choice, route assignment, and emissions separately and sequentially, it has not been unusual to find different speeds (and travel times) used in different parts of the process. A description of two different research and development efforts that have produced new methods and guidelines for introducing feedback into the travel and emissions forecasting process to ensure consistent use of speeds is provided. COMSIS Corporation developed for FHWA a method for introducing feedback into the traditional four-step process by using an iterative process through all of the steps until the process converged to a stable set of link speeds. The methodology was used to test the effects of introducing feedback on model results under different levels of network congestion (feedback affects the results only when there is congestion in the network). The project resulted in a report documenting the methods, pitfalls, and common concerns for introducing feedback. A summary of the research conclusions from the project is provided.

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Ecological aspects of using mixtures of canola oil with n-hexane in diesel engine

Combustion Engines ◽

10.19206/ce-143245 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rafał Longwic ◽

Przemyslaw Sander ◽

Dawid Tatarynow

Keyword(s):

Canola Oil ◽

Injection System ◽

Compression Ignition ◽

Compression Ignition Engine ◽

The Road ◽

Common Rail Injection System ◽

Compression Ignition Engines ◽

Common Rail Injection ◽

On The Road ◽

Main Components

The article discusses the results of research on the use of canola oil and canola oil with the addition of n-hexane in a compression-ignition engine. An engine with a Common Rail injection system was tested in real traffic conditions on the road and on a chassis dynamometer. The tested fuels were fed to the engine by an additional fuel supply system. An analysis of the effect of the addition of n-hexane on the emission of the main components of toxic exhaust gases was carried out. The proposed solution may contribute to extending the service life of currently used compression ignition engines due to the improvement of the ecological properties of this type of drive sources.

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Influence of Gasoline Addition on Biodiesel Combustion in a Compression-Ignition Engine with Constant Settings

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr8111499 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 1499

Author(s):

Wojciech Tutak ◽

Arkadiusz Jamrozik

Keyword(s):

Diesel Fuel ◽

Ignition Delay ◽

Combustion Process ◽

Gasoline Fraction ◽

Combustion Stability ◽

Dual Fuel ◽

Compression Ignition ◽

Compression Ignition Engine ◽

Combustion Duration ◽

Fuel Technology

This paper presents results of investigation of co-combustion process of biodiesel with gasoline, in form of mixture and using dual fuel technology. The main objective of this work was to show differences in both combustion systems of the engine powered by fuels of different reactivity. This paper presents parameters of the engine and the assessment of combustion stability. It turns out that combustion process of biodiesel was characterized by lower ignition delay compared to diesel fuel combustion. For 0.54 of gasoline energetic fraction, the ignition delay increased by 25% compared to the combustion of the pure biodiesel, but for dual fuel technology for 0.95 of gasoline fraction it was decreased by 85%. For dual fuel technology with the increase in gasoline fraction, the specific fuel consumption (SFC) was decreased for all analyzed fractions of gasoline. In the case of blend combustion, the SFC was increased in comparison to dual fuel technology. An analysis of spread of ignition delay and combustion duration was also presented. The study confirmed that it is possible to co-combust biodiesel with gasoline in a relatively high energetic fraction. For the blend, the ignition delay was up to 0.54 and for dual fuel it was near to 0.95.

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China's Urban Transformation Strategy in New Period

Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies ◽

10.1142/s2345748113500036 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 01 (01) ◽

pp. 1350003 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Houkai WEI

Keyword(s):

Urban Development ◽

High Efficiency ◽

High Growth ◽

Urban Transformation ◽

Scientific Development ◽

The Road ◽

Low Emission ◽

High Emission ◽

Urban Rural ◽

On The Road

Urban Transformation refers to the significant change and transition in various urban fields and aspects, which is a comprehensive transformation with multi-field, multi-aspect, multi-level and multi-angle. In the past, China's urban development has mostly been on the road of extensive model, characterized by high growth, high consumption, high emission and high expansion. With this development model, some problems have appeared in the process of China's urban development, such as the disorderly and inefficient development, the imbalanced urban-rural and regional development and the unharmonious social development etc.; obviously, this is not sustainable. At present, Chinese cities are in a new stage of accelerated and overall transformation. It is important to quickly accomplish the economic, social and ecological overall transformation, to establish a new mode of scientific development with low consumption, low emission, high efficiency, and harmonious and orderly development, taking the intensive, innovative, integrated, harmonious, green and characteristic development road.

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