A Study on the Mechanism of Pressure Generating Under the Oil Control Ring of a Piston in an Internal Combustion Engine

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akemi Ito ◽  
Koji Kikuhara ◽  
Shunsuke Nishijima ◽  
Hiroki Hasegawa ◽  
Hirotaka Akamatsu
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Cylinder Wall ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Engine Design ◽  
Running Cost ◽  
Engine Development

Engine oil consumption must be reduced for lowering particulate matter, deterioration of engine after treatment devices and users running cost. A lot of factors affect engine oil consumption, and it is usually estimated experimentally on very latter stage of engine development. Therefore calculation method for oil consumption which can be used for engine design is required. Supply oil volume is necessary to calculate oil consumption. In this study, oil pressure distribution under the oil ring which affects supply oil volume was measured, and a hypothesis for generating oil pressure was discussed. Oil pressure was deviated from crank case pressure and a pressure rise under the oil ring was found in the latter half of the piston down strokes. The maximum pressure was measured at the center of the piston skirt under the oil ring. It was showed that oil pressure rise could be simulated considering distribution of oil film thickness on the cylinder wall.

scholarly journals An Experimental Study on the Performance and Emission of the diesel/CNG Dual-Fuel Combustion Mode in a Stationary CI Engine

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Jamrozik ◽  
Wojciech Tutak ◽  
Karol Grab-Rogaliński
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Ci Engine

One of the possibilities to reduce diesel fuel consumption and at the same time reduce the emission of diesel engines, is the use of alternative gaseous fuels, so far most commonly used to power spark ignition engines. The presented work concerns experimental research of a dual-fuel compression-ignition (CI) engine in which diesel fuel was co-combusted with CNG (compressed natural gas). The energy share of CNG gas was varied from 0% to 95%. The study showed that increasing the share of CNG co-combusted with diesel in the CI engine increases the ignition delay of the combustible mixture and shortens the overall duration of combustion. For CNG gas shares from 0% to 45%, due to the intensification of the combustion process, it causes an increase in the maximum pressure in the cylinder, an increase in the rate of heat release and an increase in pressure rise rate. The most stable operation, similar to a conventional engine, was characterized by a diesel co-combustion engine with 30% and 45% shares of CNG gas. Increasing the CNG share from 0% to 90% increases the nitric oxide emissions of a dual-fuel engine. Compared to diesel fuel supply, co-combustion of this fuel with 30% and 45% CNG energy shares contributes to the reduction of hydrocarbon (HC) emissions, which increases after exceeding these values. Increasing the share of CNG gas co-combusted with diesel fuel, compared to the combustion of diesel fuel, reduces carbon dioxide emissions, and almost completely reduces carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas of a dual-fuel engine.

Exhaust Emissions Characterization of a Turbocharged 2-Stroke Tier 0+ Locomotive Engine: NOx, Particulate Matter and Soluble Organic Fraction Composition

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav V. Bohac ◽  
Eric Feiler ◽  
Ian Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Elemental Carbon ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Soluble Organic Fraction ◽  
Insoluble Portion

This study presents a detailed exhaust emission characterization of a 2-Stroke turbocharged line haul locomotive diesel engine fitted with an early-development Tier 0 + emissions kit. The objective of this work is to use emissions characterization to gain insight into engine operation and mechanisms of pollutant formation for this family of engine, and identify areas of potential future engine emissions improvement. Results show that at the notches tested (notches 3–8) the largest contributor to particulate matter (PM)mass is insolubles (mostly elemental carbon), but that the soluble component of PM, comprising 14–32% of PM, is also significant. Gas chromatography (GC) analysis of the soluble portion shows that it is composed of 55–77% oil-like C22–C30+ hydrocarbons, with the remainder being fuel-like C9–C21 hydrocarbons. The emissions characterization suggests that advancing combustion timing should be effective in reducing PM mass by reducing the insoluble portion (elemental carbon) of PM at all notches. NOx will likely increase, but the current level of NOx is sufficiently below Tier 0+ limits to allow a moderate increase. Reducing engine oil consumption should also reduce PM mass at all notches, although to a smaller degree than measures that reduce the insoluble portion of PM.

A Study on the Effect of Pressure Balance Between the Second and Third Land of a Piston on Engine Oil Consumption

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohei Ohno ◽  
Koji Kikuhara ◽  
Akemi Ito ◽  
Masatsugu Inui ◽  
Hirotaka Akamatsu
Keyword(s):  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Pressure Balance ◽  
The Third ◽  
Running Cost ◽  
Land Pressure ◽  
Type Pressure

Engine oil consumption causes particulate matter, poisoning of catalysts, abnormal combustion like pre-ignition in a gasoline engine, and an increase in customer’s running cost. Oil consumption, therefore, must be reduced. It is well known that pressure at a piston second land sometimes becomes larger than the cylinder pressure in the latter half of the expansion stroke. Larger pressure at the second land causes an increase in engine oil consumption. For reducing the second land pressure, increasing volume of a piston second land is one of design schemes. Pressure at a piston second land is calculated in piston design stage. In the calculation, pressure at a piston third land is assumed as same as pressure at the crankcase. This study aimed the effect of volume of the third land of a piston on engine oil consumption. The third and the second lands pressure were measured using an optical fiber type pressure sensor. It was found that the third land pressure showed a quite different trend from the crankcase pressure. It was also found that the pressure balance between the second land and the third land affected engine oil consumption. It was suggested that the third land pressure should be considered in the calculation for lands pressure of a piston and further investigation on third land design for reducing engine oil consumption may be required.

scholarly journals Influence of Selected Synthesis Gas Component on Internal Parameters of Combustion Engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Chríbik Andrej ◽  
Polóni Marián ◽  
Minárik Matej
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Synthesis Gas ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Internal Parameters ◽  
Rise Rate ◽  
Methane Mixture

AbstractThe paper deals with the influence of selected component of synthesis gas on internal parameters of combustion engine that is planned to be used in micro-cogeneration unit. The aim is to better understand the mechanism of combustion of carbon monoxide mixed with methane and as a follow-up to optimize the operation of the Lombardini LGW 702 engine on change of fuel composition. Generally, an increasing proportion of carbon monoxide in methane mixture leads to a decrease in engine performance (mean indicated pressure) and the hourly fuel consumption in each of the operating modes of the engine increases. With growing proportion of CO in mixture with CH4, the maximum pressure in the cylinder increases together with pressure rise rate up to approximately 10 % vol. of CH4. With further increasing proportion of CH4, there is a significant decrease of the before-mentioned engine parameters. The optimum ignition angle for pure methane, or carbon monoxide, does not change significantly and it is about 27° CA BTDC.

Knock criteria for aviation diesel engines

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 752-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rik D Meininger ◽  
Chol-Bum M Kweon ◽  
Michael T Szedlmayer ◽  
Khanh Q Dang ◽  
Newman B Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Cylinder Wall ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Element Analysis

The objective of this study was to develop knock criteria for aviation diesel engines that have experienced a number of malfunctions during flight and ground operation. Aviation diesel engines have been vulnerable to knock because they use cylinder wall coating on the aluminum engine block, instead of using steel liners. This has been a trade-off between reliability and lightweighting. An in-line four-cylinder four-stroke direct-injection high-speed turbocharged aviation diesel engine was tested to characterize its combustion at various ground and flight conditions for several specially formulated Jet A fuels. The main fuel property chosen for this study was cetane number, as it significantly impacts the combustion of the aviation diesel engines. The other fuel properties were maintained within the MIL-DTL-83133 specification. The results showed that lower cetane number fuels showed more knock tendency than higher cetane number fuels for the tested aviation diesel engine. In this study, maximum pressure rise rate, or Rmax, was used as a parameter to define knock criteria for aviation diesel engines. Rmax values larger than 1500 kPa/cad require correction to avoid potential mechanical and thermal stresses on the cylinder wall coating. The finite element analysis model using the experimental data showed similarly high mechanical and thermal stresses on the cylinder wall coating. The developed diesel knock criteria are recommended as one of the ways to prevent hard knock for engine developers to consider when they design or calibrate aviation diesel engines.

scholarly journals Combustion and Emissions of Gasoline Compression Ignition Engine Fuelled with Gasoline-Biodiesel Blends

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanuandri Putrasari ◽  
Ocktaeck Lim
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Biodiesel Blends ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Rise Rate ◽  
Gas Recirculation ◽  
Injection Strategies

A gasoline compression ignition (GCI) engine was proposed to be the next generation internal combustion engine for gasoline. The effect of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and intake boosting on combustion and emissions of GCI engine fueled with gasoline-biodiesel blends by partially premixed compression ignition (PPCI) combustions are investigated in this study. Tests were conducted on a single-cylinder direct-injection CI engine, with 5% by volume proportion of biodiesel in gasoline fuel blends. Engine control parameters (EGR rate, intake boosting rate, and various injection strategies) were adjusted to investigate their influences on combustion and emissions of this GCI engine. It is found that changes in EGR rate, intake boosting pressure and injection strategies affect on ignition delay, maximum pressure rise rate and thermal efficiency which is closely tied to HC, CO, NOx and smoke emissions, respectively.

scholarly journals A multi-physics multi-scale approach in engine design analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 221 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
M S M Perera ◽  
S Theodossiades ◽  
H Rahnejat
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Cylinder Wall ◽  
Tribological Behaviour ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Piston Cylinder ◽  
Engine Design ◽  
Structural Deformations

Vibration behaviour of an internal combustion engine depends on rigid body inertial dynamics, structural modal characteristics of its elastic members, tribological behaviour of loadbearing contacts, and piston-cylinder interactions. Therefore, it is essential to use a multi-physics approach that addresses all these physical properties in a single integrative model as presented in this paper. This approach can be regarded as holistic and a good aid for detailed design. Particular attention is paid to the critical elements in the system, such as load-bearing conjunctions (crankshaft main bearings) and piston-cylinder wall interactions. Another important feature is the integrated analysis across the physics of motion from microscale fluid film formation to submillimetre structural deformations and onto large displacements of inertial members. In order to succeed in predictions within sensible industrial time scales, analytical methods have been used as far as possible rather than numerical approaches. Model predictions show good agreement with fired engine test data.

Effect of Chemical Hythane Composition on Pressure in Combustion Chamber of Engine

2019 ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
A. P. Shaikin ◽  
I. R. Galiev
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Chamber Volume ◽  
Excess Air ◽  
Scientific Papers

The article analyzes the influence of chemical composition of hythane (a mixture of natural gas with hydrogen) on pressure in an engine combustion chamber. A review of the literature has showed the relevance of using hythane in transport energy industry, and also revealed a number of scientific papers devoted to studying the effect of hythane on environmental and traction-dynamic characteristics of the engine. We have studied a single-cylinder spark-ignited internal combustion engine. In the experiments, the varying factors are: engine speed (600 and 900 min-1), excess air ratio and hydrogen concentration in natural gas which are 29, 47 and 58% (volume).The article shows that at idling engine speed maximum pressure in combustion chamber depends on excess air ratio and proportion hydrogen in the air-fuel mixture – the poorer air-fuel mixture and greater addition of hydrogen is, the more intense pressure increases. The positive effect of hydrogen on pressure is explained by the fact that addition of hydrogen contributes to increase in heat of combustion fuel and rate propagation of the flame. As a result, during combustion, more heat is released, and the fuel itself burns in a smaller volume. Thus, the addition of hydrogen can ensure stable combustion of a lean air-fuel mixture without loss of engine power. Moreover, the article shows that, despite the change in engine speed, addition of hydrogen, excess air ratio, type of fuel (natural gas and gasoline), there is a power-law dependence of the maximum pressure in engine cylinder on combustion chamber volume. Processing and analysis of the results of the foreign and domestic researchers have showed that patterns we discovered are applicable to engines of different designs, operating at different speeds and using different hydrocarbon fuels. The results research presented allow us to reduce the time and material costs when creating new power plants using hythane and meeting modern requirements for power, economy and toxicity.

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