Diethyl Ether as an Ignition Enhancer for Naphtha Creating a Drop in Fuel for Diesel

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Vallinayagam ◽  
S. Vedharaj ◽  
S. Mani Sarathy ◽  
Robert W. Dibble
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Auto Ignition ◽  
Peak Heat Release Rate ◽  
Ignition Characteristics ◽  
Ci Engines

Direct use of naphtha in compression ignition (CI) engines is not advisable because its lower cetane number negatively impacts the auto ignition process. However, engine or fuel modifications can be made to operate naphtha in CI engines. Enhancing a fuel’s auto ignition characteristics presents an opportunity to use low cetane fuel, naphtha, in CI engines. In this research, Di-ethyl ether (DEE) derived from ethanol is used as an ignition enhancer for light naphtha. With this fuel modification, a “drop-in” fuel that is interchangeable with existing diesel fuel has been created. The ignition characteristics of DEE blended naphtha were studied in an ignition quality tester (IQT); the measured ignition delay time (IDT) for pure naphtha was 6.9 ms. When DEE was added to naphtha, IDT decreased and D30 (30% DEE + 70% naphtha) showed comparable IDT with US NO.2 diesel. The derived cetane number (DCN) of naphtha, D10 (10% DEE + 90% naphtha), D20% DEE + 80% naphtha) and D30 were measured to be 31, 37, 40 and 49, respectively. The addition of 30% DEE in naphtha achieved a DCN equivalent to US NO.2 diesel. Subsequent experiments in a CI engine exhibited longer ignition delay for naphtha compared to diesel. The peak in-cylinder pressure is higher for naphtha than diesel and other tested fuels. When DEE was added to naphtha, the ignition delay shortened and peak in-cylinder pressure is reduced. A 3.7% increase in peak in-cylinder pressure was observed for naphtha compared to US NO.2 diesel, while D30 showed comparable results with diesel. The pressure rise rate dropped with the addition of DEE to naphtha, thereby reducing the ringing intensity. Naphtha exhibited a peak heat release rate of 280 kJ/m3deg, while D30 showed a comparable peak heat release rate to US NO.2 diesel. The amount of energy released during the premixed combustion phase decreased with the increase of DEE in naphtha. Thus, this study demonstrates the suitability of DEE blended naphtha mixtures as a “drop-in” replacement fuel for diesel.

Combustion Analysis of Polanga (Calophyllum inophyllum) Biodiesel

2015 ◽  
Vol 812 ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anantharaman Gopinath ◽  
Krishnamurthy Sairam ◽  
Ramalingam Velraj
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Flow Property ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Combustion Analysis ◽  
Calophyllum Inophyllum ◽  
Peak Heat Release Rate ◽  
Ci Engines

There is a mounting concern in many countries to explore fuels that are environment friendly. Although straight vegetable oils can be used in diesel engines, there are limitations in their usage due to their high viscosity, low volatility, and poor cold flow property. Biodiesel is a fatty acid alkyl ester, which can be derived from any vegetable oil by transesterification. Biodiesel is a renewable, biodegradable and non-toxic fuel. In the present study, polanga (Calophyllum inophyllum) oil was transesterified with methanol using sodium hydroxide as catalyst to obtain polanga biodiesel. To evaluate the combustion analysis, polanga biodiesel was tested in a single-cylinder, four-stroke, direct-injection, constant speed, diesel engine. The results were compared with combustion characteristics of diesel fuel. The result showed that polanga biodiesel exhibits similar combustion characteristics as that of diesel. The actual start of injection and start of combustion were found to be earlier for polanga biodiesel as compared to diesel. The ignition delay period was found to be shorter with polanga biodiesel. The magnitude of peak heat release rate and peak pressure was observed to be lower for polanga biodiesel. Though the location of peak heat release rate was earlier for polanga biodiesel, its peak pressure location was found be delayed when compared to diesel. Polanga biodiesel exhibits a shorter combustion duration than diesel. Since the measured parameters for biodiesel differs only by a smaller magnitude when compared with diesel, this investigation ensures the suitability of polanga biodiesel as a fuel for CI engines.

scholarly journals Impact of Nano additives on optimized Mahua Bio-diesel Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 01015
Author(s):  
U. S. Jyothi ◽  
G. Jeevan Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Oxide ◽  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Mahua Oil ◽  
Nano Additives ◽  
Ci Engines ◽  
Nano Fluids

In both industrial and transportation sectors, petroleum consumption has been increasing tremendously. It is known that increase in demand of fossil fuels leads to exhaust of petroleum products in future. Biofuel is a fuel made by chemically reacting alcohol with vegetable oils, fats, or greases, such as recycled restaurant greases. The metal-based additives are used in order to improve the quality of fuel by reducing the unburn hydrocarbons in IC engines, to minimize the exhaust gas harmful emissions. In the present experimental work, an attempt is made at investigating the effect of Aluminum oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles addition in Mahua biodiesel in a single cylinder water cooled direct injection four stroke diesel engine. Initially experiments are conducted to optimize the blend of transeterified Mahua oil with diesel fuel with respect to Combustion, performance and emission parameters. The nano fluids have been prepared from 50 ppm concentrations of Aluminum oxide and copper oxide separately, through an ultra-sonication process. For optimized biodiesel of Mahua oil, the effect of nano additives on Combustion characteristics viz cylinder pressure, Heat release rate, performance parameters such as BTE, BSFC and emission parameters HC, CO, CO2, NOx emissions were evaluated and compared. In CI engines, with biodiesel usage reduces the emission particulates to the significant extent. Due to the presence of oxygen content in bio diesel, which causes increase in NOx formation. In this work there is significant reduction in emission oxides of nitrogen is noticed with nano additives due to control of in-cylinder temperature. Key words: Combustion, Nano fluids, Heat release rate, Cylinder pressure, Emissions

Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Dual Fuel Engine for Different Parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianjun Zhu ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Yufeng Xie ◽  
Xin Geng
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Soot Emission ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Fuel Delivery ◽  
Soot Emissions

The effects of compression ratio and fuel delivery advance angle on the combustion and emission characteristics of premixed methanol charge induced ignition by Fischer Tropsch diesel engine were investigated using a CY25TQ diesel engine. In the process of reducing the compression ratio from 16.9 to 15.4, the starting point of combustion is fluctuating, the peak of in-cylinder pressure and the maximum pressure increase rate decrease by 44.5% and 37.7% respectively. The peak instantaneous heat release rate increases by 54.4%. HC and CO emissions are on a rising trend. NOx and soot emissions were greatly decreased. The soot emission has the biggest drop of 50%. Reducing the fuel delivery advance angle will make the peak of in-cylinder pressure and the peak of pressure rise rate increase while the peak of heat release rate decreases. The soot emission is negatively correlated with the fuel delivery advance angle. When the fuel delivery advance angle is 16° CA, the soot emissions increased the most by 130%.

scholarly journals The effect of intumescent mat on post-fire performance of carbon fibre reinforced composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenkai Zhu ◽  
Jingjing Li ◽  
Mandy Clement ◽  
Xiaosu Yi ◽  
Chris Rudd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fire Performance ◽  
Total Heat Release ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
Peak Heat Release Rate ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Composites

This study investigated the effect of intumescent mats (M1 and M2) with different compositions on the post-fire performance of carbon fibre reinforced composites. The sandwich structure was designed for composites where M1 (carbon fibre reinforced composite-M1) or M2 (carbon fibre reinforced composite-M2) mats were covered on the composite surface. A significant reduction in the peak heat release rate and total heat release was observed from the cone calorimetric data, and carbon fibre reinforced composite-M1 showed the lowest value of 148 kW/m2 and 29 MJ/m2 for peak heat release rate and total heat release, respectively. In addition, a minor influence on mechanical properties was observed due to the variation of composite thickness and resin volume in the composite. The post-fire properties of composite were characterised, and the M1 mat presented better retention of flexural strength and modulus. The feasibility of two-layer model was confirmed to predict the post-fire performance of composites and reduce the reliance on the large amounts of empirical data.

Numerical Investigation of Fuel Property Effects on Mixed-Mode Combustion in a Spark-Ignition Engine

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Xu ◽  
Pinaki Pal ◽  
Xiao Ren ◽  
Sibendu Som ◽  
Magnus Sjöberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Flame Propagation ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Octane Number ◽  
Mixed Mode ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Chemical Effect ◽  
Auto Ignition

Abstract In the present study, mixed-mode combustion of an E30 fuel in a direct-injection spark-ignition engine is numerically investigated at a fuel-lean operating condition using multidimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A fuel surrogate matching Research Octane Number (RON) and Motor Octane Number (MON) of E30 is first developed using neural network based non-linear regression model. To enable efficient 3D engine simulations, a 164-species skeletal reaction mechanism incorporating NOx chemistry is reduced from a detailed chemical kinetic model. A hybrid approach that incorporates the G-equation model for tracking turbulent flame front, and the multi-zone well-stirred reactor model for predicting auto-ignition in the end gas, is employed to account for turbulent combustion interactions in the engine cylinder. Predicted in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate traces agree well with experimental measurements. The proposed modelling approach also captures moderated cyclic variability. Two different types of combustion cycles, corresponding to purely deflagrative and mixed-mode combustion, are observed. In contrast to the purely deflagrative cycles, mixed-mode combustion cycles feature early flame propagation followed by end-gas auto-ignition, leading to two distinctive peaks in heat release rate traces. The positive correlation between mixed-mode combustion cycles and early flame propagation is well captured by simulations. With the validated numerical setup, effects of NOx chemistry on mixed-mode combustion predictions are investigated. NOx chemistry is found to promote auto-ignition through residual gas recirculation, while the deflagrative flame propagation phase remains largely unaffected. Local sensitivity analysis is then performed to understand effects of physical and chemical properties of the fuel, i.e., heat of evaporation (HoV) and laminar flame speed (SL). An increased HoV tends to suppress end-gas auto-ignition due to increased vaporization cooling, while the impact of HoV on flame propagation is insignificant. In contrast, an increased SL is found to significantly promote both flame propagation and auto-ignition. The promoting effect of SL on auto-ignition is not a direct chemical effect; it is rather caused by an advancement of the combustion phasing, which increases compression heating of the end gas.

Combustion Characteristics of Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Fueled with Blends of Thumba Biodiesel as an Alternative Fuel

2019 ◽  
Vol 969 ◽  
pp. 451-460
Author(s):  
Manpreet Singh ◽  
Mohd Yunus Sheikh ◽  
Dharmendra Singh ◽  
P. Nageswara Rao
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Edible Vegetable Oil

The rapid rise in energy requirement and problem regarding atmosphere pollutions, renewable biofuels are the better alternative choice for the internal combustion engine to partially or totally replace the pollutant petroleum fuel. In the present work, thumba (Citrullus colocynthis) non-edible vegetable oil is used for the production of biodiesel and examine its possibility as diesel engine fuel. Transesterification process is used to produce biodiesel from thumba non-edible vegetable oil. Thumba biodiesel (TBD) is used to prepare five different volume concentration (blends) with neat diesel (D100), such as TBD5, TBD15, TBD25, TBD35 and TBD45 to run a single cylinder diesel engine. The diesel engine's combustion parameter such as in-cylinder pressure, rate of pressure rise, net heat release rate, cumulative heat release, mean gas temperature, and mass fraction burnt analyzed through graphs and compared all thumba biodiesel blends result with neat diesel fuel. The mass fraction burnt start earlier for thumba biodiesel blends compared to diesel fuel because of less ignition delay while peak in-cylinder pressure, maximum rate of pressure rise, maximum net heat release rate, maximum cumulative heat release, and maximum mean gas temperature has found decreased results up to 1.93%, 5.53%, 4.11%, 4.65%, and 1.73% respectively for thumba biodiesel.

scholarly journals Improved model for the analysis of the Heat Release Rate (HRR) in Compression Ignition (CI) engines

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 1901-1913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis O. Olanrewaju ◽  
Hu Li ◽  
Gordon E. Andrews ◽  
Herodotos N. Phylaktou
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Improved Model ◽  
Ci Engines

Numerical Simulation on Spreading Characteristic of Coach Fire

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 1269-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Yi ◽  
Jie Chen
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Peak Heat Release Rate

The aim of this work is to study the burning characteristics of coach fire. With application of computational fluid dynamics (FDS software package), coach fires caused by arson are simulated under different ventilation conditions. Variation of heat release rate (HRR) and distribution of temperature are analyzed. Peak heat release rate of coach fire caused by arson in passenger carriage can reach about 24 MW and maximum temperature in the carriage is over 1000 °C. Results of this study can be referred for fire protection and rescue design of coach.

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