Combustion Trajectory Visualization Model for Study of Conventional and Advanced Direct Injection Combustion Modes

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua A. Bittle ◽  
Timothy J. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Sampling Rate ◽  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Engine Control ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Time Step ◽  
The Future

Many of the approaches to diagnostics of in-cylinder spatially resolved quantities (such as equivalence ratio, temperature, speciation, etc.) require either optical engines or computational fluid dynamics. These approaches are expensive (time or money) and will likely never be practical for on-board use in the future. The market trend towards real-time control and consumer grade in-cylinder pressure transducers suggest that relatively simple modeling techniques based on cylinder pressure and other standard engine sensors are well situated to be a part of the future engine control schemes. This work expands previous efforts to calculate combustion trajectories (path through equivalence ratio vs. temperature plane) based on cylinder pressure measurements in near real-time. This work incorporates the current state-of-the-art diesel fuel spray mixing models (Kattke and Musculus entrainment waves) and adds features to accounting for changing cylinder pressure, adaptive time step based on sampling rate of cylinder pressure, and optimizing spray axial resolution for reduced calculation time. Based on the predicted local fuel concentration, flame temperature and relating calculated heat release rates to the amount of fuel burned in each portion of the spray the combustion processes can be tracked to give a cumulative history of the ignition, subsequent mixing and heating/cooling that gives a picture of what combustion looks like on the equivalence ratio vs. temperature plane. Various engine operating conditions are explored including conventional diesel operation with and without EGR as well as highly dilute late injection low temperature combustion at different injection pressures. The results obtained in this work give encouragement that this type of approach may enable future engine control using these detailed yet computationally simple approaches.

Grey-Box Modeling for HCCI Engine Control

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bidarvatan ◽  
M. Shahbakhti
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Box Model ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Engine Control ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Hcci Engine ◽  
Hcci Engines

High fidelity models that balance accuracy and computation load are essential for real-time model-based control of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engines. Grey-box modeling offers an effective technique to obtain desirable HCCI control models. In this paper, a physical HCCI engine model is combined with two feed-forward artificial neural networks models to form a serial architecture grey-box model. The resulting model can predict three major HCCI engine control outputs including combustion phasing, Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (IMEP), and exhaust gas temperature (Texh). The grey-box model is trained and validated with the steady-state and transient experimental data for a large range of HCCI operating conditions. The results indicate the grey-box model significantly improves the predictions from the physical model. For 234 HCCI conditions tested, the grey-box model predicts combustion phasing, IMEP, and Texh with an average error less than 1 crank angle degree, 0.2 bar, and 6 °C respectively. The grey-box model is computationally efficient and it can be used for real-time control application of HCCI engines.

Transfer Function Modelling of Urban Drainage Systems, and Potential Uses in Real-Time Control Applications

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 409-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea G. Capodaglio
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Control Applications ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Function Modelling ◽  
Transfer Function Modelling

According to the present state-of-the-art, sewerage systems, sewage treatment plants and their subsequent improvements are often planned and designed as totally separate entities, each subject to a specific set of performance objectives. As a result, sewage treatment efficiency is subject to considerable variability, depending both on general hydrologic conditions in the urban watershed (wet versus dry periods), and on specific “instantaneous” operating conditions. It has been postulated that the integration of urban drainage and wastewater treatment design and operation could allow minimization of the harmful effects of discharges from treatment plants, overflows and surface water runoff. This “ideal condition” can be achieved through the introduction of so-called “real-time control” technology in sewerage collection and treatment operations. To be a feasible goal, this technology poses the demand for more powerful simulation models of either aspect of the system - or, ideally, of a unified sewer-and-treatment plant model - than most of those currently available. This paper examines the requirements of rainfall/runoff transformation and sewer flow models with respect to real-time control applications, and focuses on the methodology of stochastic, transfer function modelling, reporting application examples. Modalities and limitations of the extraction of information from the models thus derived are also analyzed.

Real-time IMEP Estimation for Torque-based Engine Control using an In-cylinder Pressure Sensor

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seungsuk Oh ◽  
Daekyung Kim ◽  
Junsoo Kim ◽  
Byounggul Oh ◽  
Kangyoon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
Engine Control ◽  
Cylinder Pressure

Real-Time Burst Signal Removal Using Multicolor Pyrometry Based Filter for Improved Jet Engine Control

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanghua Wang ◽  
Jordi Estevadeordal ◽  
Nirm Nirmalan ◽  
Sean P. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Engine Control ◽  
Jet Engines ◽  
Jet Engine ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Voltage Signal ◽  
And Control

Online line-of-sight (LOS) pyrometer is used on certain jet engines for diagnosis and control functions such as hot-blade detection, high-temperature limiting, and condition-based monitoring. Hot particulate bursts generated from jet engine combustor at certain running conditions lead to intermittent high-voltage signal outputs from the LOS pyrometer which is ultimately used by the onboard digital engine controller (DEC). To study the nature of hot particulates and enable LOS pyrometer functioning under burst conditions, a multicolor pyrometry (MCP) system was developed under DARPA funded program and tested on an aircraft jet engine. Soot particles generated as byproduct of combustion under certain conditions was identified as the root cause for the signal burst in a previous study. The apparent emissivity was then used to remove burst signals. In current study, the physics based filter with MCP algorithm using apparent emissivity was further extended to real-time engine control by removing burst signals at real time (1 MHz) and at engine DEC data rate. Simulink models are used to simulate the performances of the filter designs under engine normal and burst conditions. The results are compared with current LOS pyrometer results and show great advantage. The proposed model enables new LOS pyrometer design for improved engine control over wide range of operating conditions.

scholarly journals Design of Real-Time Control Based on DP and ECMS for PHEVs

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Zhenjiang Cai ◽  
Shaofei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Mode Selection ◽  
Time Algorithm ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Manual Adjustment ◽  
Equivalent Fuel ◽  
Equivalent Fuel Consumption

A real-time control is proposed for plug-in-hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) based on dynamic programming (DP) and equivalent fuel consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) in this study. Firstly, the resulting controls of mode selection and series mode are stored in tables through offline simulation of DP, and the parallel HEV mode uses ECMS-based real-time algorithm to reduce the application of maps and avoid manual adjustment of parameters. Secondly, the feedback energy management system (FMES) is built based on feedback from SoC, which takes into account the charge and discharge reaction (CDR) of the battery, and in order to make full use of the energy stored in the battery, the reference SoC is introduced. Finally, a comparative simulation on the proposed real-time controller is conducted against DP, the results show that the controller has a good performance, and the fuel consumption value of the real-time controller is close to the value using DP. The engine operating conditions are concentrated in the low fuel consumption area of the engine, and when the driving distance is known, the SoC can follow the reference SoC well to make full use of the energy stored in the battery.

Analysis of a 6 Cylinder Turbocharged HCCI Engine Using a Detailed Kinetic Mechanism

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Cantore ◽  
Luca Montorsi ◽  
Fabian Mauss ◽  
Per Amne´us ◽  
Olof Erlandsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Engine Control ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Hcci Engine ◽  
Power Code

When analyzing HCCI combustion engine behavior, the integration of experimental tests and numerical simulations is crucial. Investigations of possible engine control strategies as a function of the different operating conditions have to take the behavior of the whole HCCI engine into account, including the effects both of the combustion process and of complex devices. Therefore the numerical simulation code must be able both to model accurately the gas-dynamic of the system and to evaluate the combustion chemical kinetics. This paper focuses on the coupling between the commercial one-dimensional fluid-dynamic GT-Power Code and our in-house detailed chemical kinetic Ignition Code. An interface has been developed in order to exchange information between the two codes: the Ignition Code considers as boundary conditions the GT-Power Code values provided for the gas composition at IVC and the pressure and temperature at every time step and passes back to GT-Power the burnt fuel fraction and stores in an external file the in cylinder gas composition. Thus the whole engine cycle can be accurately simulated, estimating the interactions between the gas-dynamics phenomena along the intake and exhaust pipes and through the valves, and the chemical processes occurring during the closed valves period. This tool makes it possible to analyze the engine behavior under duty cycle operating conditions, and therefore it represents a useful support to the experimental measurements, reducing the number of tests required to assess the proper engine control strategies.

A Model-Based Methodology for Real-Time Estimation of Diesel Engine Cylinder Pressure

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al-Durra ◽  
Marcello Canova ◽  
Stephen Yurkovich
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Recursive Least Squares ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Combustion Control ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Crank Angle

Cylinder pressure is one of the most important parameters characterizing the combustion process in an internal combustion engine. The recent developments in engine control technologies suggest the use of cylinder pressure as a feedback signal for closed-loop combustion control. However, the sensors measuring in-cylinder pressure are typically subject to noise and offset issues, requiring signal processing methods to be applied to obtain a sufficiently accurate pressure trace. The signal conditioning implies a considerable computational burden, which ultimately limits the use of cylinder pressure sensing to laboratory testing, where the signal can be processed off-line. In order to enable closed-loop combustion control through cylinder pressure feedback, a real-time algorithm that extracts the pressure signal from the in-cylinder sensor is proposed in this study. The algorithm is based on a crank-angle based engine combustion of that predicts the in-cylinder pressure from the definition of a burn rate function. The model is then adapted to model-based estimation by applying an extended Kalman filter in conjunction with a recursive least-squares estimation scheme. The estimator is tested on a high-fidelity diesel engine simulator as well as on experimental data obtained at various operating conditions. The results obtained show the effectiveness of the estimator in reconstructing the cylinder pressure on a crank-angle basis and in rejecting measurement noise and modeling errors. Furthermore, a comparative study with a conventional signal processing method shows the advantage of using the derived estimator, especially in the presence of high signal noise (as frequently happens with low-cost sensors).

INTEGRAL CONTROL REQUIREMENTS FOR SEWERAGE SYSTEMS

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
Andrea G. Capodaglio
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Ideal Condition ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Integral Control ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Harmful Effects

Sewerage systems and sewage treatment plants are often planned, designed and operated as totally separate entities. As a result, sewage treatment efficiency is subject to considerable variability, depending both on general hydrologic conditions in the urban watershed (wet versus dry periods), and on specific “instantaneous” operating conditions. It has been postulated that the integration of design and operation in urban drainage and wastewater treatment could allow minimization of the harmful effects of discharges from treatment plants, combined sewer overflows and surface runoff. This “ideal condition” can be achieved through the introduction of so-called “Real-Time Control” technology in sewerage collection and treatment operations. This paper examines the requirements of a hypothetical integrated sewer flow and sewage treatment model, the mathematical tools used to design and operate Real-Time Control systems, and the issues emerging from an integration of the conveyance and disposal aspects of the sewerage cycle.

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