High-Pressure Electronic Fuel Injection for Small-Displacement Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew L. Carpenter ◽  
Robert E. Mayo ◽  
Jerald G. Wagner ◽  
Paul E. Yelvington
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Orifice Diameter ◽  
Small Displacement ◽  
Fuel System ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Injection Parameters

Small-displacement, single-cylinder, diesel engines employ mechanically actuated fuel injection systems. These mechanically governed systems, while robust and low-cost, lack the ability to fully vary injection parameters, such as timing, pulse duration, and injection pressure. The ability of a particular injection system to vary these injection parameters impacts engine efficiency, power, noise, and emissions. Modern, multi-cylinder automotive engines employ some form of electronically controlled injection to take advantage of the benefits of fully variable injection, including advanced strategies such as multi-pulse injections and rate shaping. Modern diesel electronic fuel injection systems also operate at considerably higher injection pressures than mechanical fuel systems used in small-bore industrial engines. As the cost of electronic fuel systems continues to decrease and the demand for high-efficiency engines increases, electronic fuel injection becomes a more viable option for incorporation into small industrial diesel engines. In particular, this technology may be well-suited for demanding and critical applications such as military power generation. In this study, a small-bore, single-cylinder diesel was retrofit with a custom, four-hole, high-pressure electronic fuel system. Compared to the mechanical injector, the electronic, common-rail injector had a 50% smaller orifice diameter and was designed for a 4x higher injection pressure. The mechanical governor was also replaced with an electronic speed controller. The baseline and modified engines were installed on a dynamometer, and measurements of exhaust emissions, fuel consumption, brake torque, and in-cylinder pressure were made. The electronic injector led to lower smoke opacity and NOx emissions, while CO and hydrocarbon emissions were observed to increase slightly, likely due to some wall wetting of fuel with the initial prototype injector. Testing with low ignition quality fuels was also performed, and the electronic fuel system enabled the engine to operate with fuel having a cetane number as low as 30.

High-Pressure Electronic Fuel Injection for Small-Displacement Single-Cylinder Diesel Engines

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew L. Carpenter ◽  
Robert E. Mayo ◽  
Jerald G. Wagner ◽  
Paul E. Yelvington
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Orifice Diameter ◽  
Small Displacement ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Injection Parameters

Small-displacement single-cylinder diesel engines employ mechanically actuated fuel injection systems. These mechanically governed systems, while robust and low cost, lack the ability to fully vary injection parameters, such as timing, pulse duration, and injection pressure. The ability of a particular injection system to vary these injection parameters impacts engine efficiency, power, noise, and emissions. Modern, multicylinder automotive engines employ some form of electronically controlled injection to take advantage of the benefits of fully variable injection, including advanced strategies such as multipulse injections and rate shaping. Modern diesel electronic fuel injection (EFI) systems also operate at considerably higher injection pressures than mechanical fuel systems used in small-bore industrial engines. As the cost of electronic fuel systems continues to decrease and the demand for high-efficiency engines increases, EFI becomes a more viable option for incorporation into small industrial diesel engines. In particular, this technology may be well-suited for demanding and critical applications, such as military power generation. In this study, a small-bore single-cylinder diesel was retrofit with a custom high-pressure EFI system. Compared to the mechanical injector, the electronic, common-rail injector had a 50% smaller orifice diameter and was designed for a fourfold higher injection pressure. The mechanical governor was also replaced with an electronic speed controller. The baseline and modified engines were installed on a dynamometer, and measurements of exhaust emissions, fuel consumption, brake torque, and in-cylinder pressure were made. The electronic injector leads to lower smoke opacity and NOx emissions, while CO and hydrocarbon emissions were observed to increase slightly, likely due to some wall wetting of fuel with the initial prototype injector. Testing with low ignition quality fuels was also performed, and the electronic fuel system enabled the engine to operate with fuel having a cetane number as low as 30.

Model-Based Optimization and Pressure Fluctuation Control of Pressure Reservoir in Electrically Controlled Fuel Injection System for Single Cylinder Diesel Engine

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Zhang ◽  
Zhifeng Xie ◽  
Ming Zhou
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Pressure Fluctuation ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Installation Space ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Fuel Injection System ◽  
Single Cylinder

Single-cylinder diesel engines usually employ mechanically actuated or time-type electrically controlled fuel injection systems. But due to the lack of flexibility to provide high pressure and fully varying injection parameters, fuel efficiency and emissions are poor. Although modern multi-cylinder engines have employed high pressure common rail fuel injection system for a long time, this technology has not been demonstrated in single-cylinder diesel engines. Due to the small installation space and little fuel injection amount of single cylinder diesel engine, high pressure common rail fuel injection system cannot be employed directly. In this study an electrically controlled high pressure fuel injection system of time-pressure-type (PTFS) for single-cylinder diesel engine was demonstrated. PTFS integrated the fuel pump and pressure reservoir (PR) to reduce installation space, which enabled it to match various kinds of single-cylinder diesel engines. However, the volume of the PR of PTFS is still limited, leading to obvious pressure fluctuation induced by periodic fuel pumping and injection. Pressure fluctuation might affect the stability and consistency of fuel injection, deteriorating the combustion and emissions of the engine further. This work established a mathematical model for the system, and studied the effect of the main parameters of the PR to the pressure fluctuations in the PR. The structure and dimensions of the system were optimized and a damping mechanism was proposed to reduce the pressure fluctuation. The optimized pressure fluctuation of PTFS achieved an acceptable level which can support steady and effective fuel injection. As a result, the fuel consumption efficiency and emission level of single cylinder diesel engine were enhanced.

A High-Pressure Pulsed Water Jet Cutting System by Means of Water Hammer in a Convergent Pipeline

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Yamane ◽  
Hiromitsu Sasaki ◽  
Yuzuru Shimamoto
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Water Jet ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Source Pressure ◽  
Electromagnetic Valve ◽  
Water Jet Cutting ◽  
Pulsed Water Jet ◽  
Cutting System

One of the authors has developed a high-pressure fuel injection system using an oil hammer for diesel engines in 1993. In the present study, we applied this novel principle of the fuel injection system to the water-jet cutting system, and a pulsed water jet cutting system by means of water hammer in convergent pipeline caused by strong spool acceleration was developed. The system consisted of a pump having a small size plunger and spool, a convergent pipeline, and automatic injector having a hole-type nozzle with a small orifice. This pump, generating strong compression waves at the convergent pipeline inlet by strong acceleration of spool and plunger, is controlled by the low source oil pressure and electromagnetic valve. The wave propagated in the convergent pipeline is dynamically intensified by water hammering in the pipeline. High pressure is then developed at the nozzle. The injection pressure and injection frequency are fully controllable by the source pressure, and by the valve-opening frequency of the electromagnetic valve (EMPV). A computer simulation demonstrated that an operation and the injection pressure are satisfactory as a water jet cutting system. It is shown that a pressure of 140 MPa is obtained in nozzle inlet by a source pressure of 11.8MPa in experiments. The dimension of the nozzle orifice was determined by visualizing the spray origin using a laser-sheet imaging technique. Stagnation force and its spectrum of water jet on work was measured to evaluate effects of injection period and standoff distance on punching time and area. Practical feasibility of water jet cutting system was demonstrated by cutting/punching tests for soft/no-heating materials or metal plates and by paint removing tests.

Direct Water Injection to Improve Diesel Spray Combustion

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Takasaki ◽  
Tatsuo Takaishi ◽  
Hiroyuki Ishida ◽  
Keijirou Tayama
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Nox Reduction ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Injection Hole ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Direct Water Injection

Now, it is essential to apply some measures for NOx reduction to low-speed diesel engines emitting much more NOx than high-speed engines. At the same time PM emission must be reduced especially when bunker fuel or heavy fuel is burned. This paper describes the applications of SFWI (Stratified Fuel Water Injection) system and DWI (Direct Water Injection) system to large sized diesel engines to reduce NOx and PM emission. SFWI system makes it possible to inject water during fuel injection from the same nozzle hole without mixing the liquids. DWI system injects water with high injection pressure from the other injection hole than the fuel injection hole into the combustion chamber directly. For testing both the systems, a 2-stroke-cycle low-speed test engine was used.

Experimental Stand to Investigate the Injection Process in Diesel Engines

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Dragoș Tutunea ◽  
Ilie Dumitru ◽  
Laurenţiu Racilă
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Experimental Stand ◽  
Fuel Injection Pressure

The objective of this paper is to investigate the fuel injection system in diesel engines by using inline pumps. In a diesel engines, the fuel injection pressure plays an important role in the combustion process in order to obtain high performance and low fuel consumption. The experiments in this paper are been performed on a 6 cylinder inline pump which is actioned by an electric motor with variable r.p.m.-s The quantity of the fuel injected by each injector is measured function of time and the speed of electric motor. The experiments show the degree of non-uniformity of the fuel delivered by the pump to injectors.

Injection Pressures of a Bio-Oil Driven Non-Road Diesel Engine: Experiments and Simulations

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seppo Niemi ◽  
Jukka Kiijärvi ◽  
Mika Laurén ◽  
Erkki Hiltunen
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Injection Pump ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Injection Pressures

The depletion of global crude oil reserves, increases in fossil fuel prices and environmental issues have encouraged the search for and study of bio-derived fuels. For years, fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) have already been used successfully. High-quality hydrogenated vegetable oil and Fischer-Tropsch biofuels have also been developed. Fuel refining processes, however, consume energy increasing CO2 emissions. For profitability reasons, large-scale industrial production is also required. Several distributed energy producers are instead willing to utilize various local waste materials as fuel feedstock. The target is local fuel production without any complicated manufacturing processes. Crude bio-oils are therefore also interesting fuel options, in particular for medium-speed diesel engines capable of burning such bio-oils without any major problems. Nevertheless, waste-derived crude bio-oils have also been studied in Finland in high-speed non-road diesel engines. One option has been mustard seed oil (MSO). Mustard has been cultivated in fallow fields. Non-food mustard seeds have been used for fuel manufacturing. In the performed studies with MSO, the exhaust smoke and HC emissions decreased, NOx remained approximately constant, and the thermal efficiency was competitive compared with operation on ordinary diesel fuel oil (DFO). The number of exhaust particles tended, however, to increase and deposits were formed in the combustion chamber, particularly if the engine was also run at low loads with MSO. On the whole, the results were so promising that deeper analyses of engine operation with MSO were considered reasonable. The kinematic viscosity of crude bio-oils is much higher than that of FAMEs or DFO. Consequently, the injection pressure tends to increase especially at the injection pump side of an in-line injection pump system. The flow characteristics of crude bio-oil also differ from those of DFO in the high-pressure pipe. With bio-oil, the flow seems to be laminar. The bulk modulus of bio-oils is also different from that of DFO affecting the rate of the injection pressure rise. In the present study, a turbocharged, inter-cooled direct-injection non-road diesel engine was driven with a mixture of MSO (95%) and rape seed methyl ester (RME, 5%), and standard DFO. The engine was equipped with an in-line injection pump. First, the injection pressures at pump and injector ends of the high-pressure injection pipe were measured for both fuels as a function of crank angle. Furthermore, a model was created for the injection system based on the method of characteristics. Free software called Scilab was adopted for numerical simulation of the model. Despite a few limitations in the built model, the results showed clear trends and the model can be used to predict changes in the fuel injection process when the fuel is changed.

Performance of SI Engine to Improve the Combustion Characteristics by Using Methanol Blended Petrol

2015 ◽  
Vol 813-814 ◽  
pp. 857-861
Author(s):  
A.N. Basavaraju ◽  
Mallikappa ◽  
B. Yogesha
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Single Cylinder

The present energy situation has stimulated active research interest in non-petroleum and non-polluting fuels, particularly for transportation, power generation, and agricultural sectors. This paper describes feasibility of utilization of Spark ignition (SI) engine in single fuel mode and to develop the optimum operating conditions in terms of fuel injection timing and fuel injection pressure. Many modifications were made for the developed direct fuel injection system to improve the performance of the 350 cc four stroke single cylinder petrol engine. The engine is tested to conduct performance, combustion emission characteristics with the aid of carburetor. As single cylinder small engines have low compression ratio (CR), and they run with slightly rich mixture, their power are low and emission values are high. In this study, methanol was used to increase performance and decrease emissions of a single-cylinder engine. Initially, the engine whose CR was 7.5/1 was tested with gasoline and methanol at full load and various speeds. This method is used for increasing the fuel efficiency of a vehicle by adding different percentage of methanol to the petrol and to decrease the pollutants produced during combustion process.

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