scholarly journals Real-Time Monitoring of Combustion Instability in a Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) Engine Using Cycle-by-Cycle Exhaust Temperature Measurements

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Gardiner ◽  
W. Stuart Neill ◽  
Wallace L. Chippior
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Combustion Instability ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Hcci Engine ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Indicated Mean Effective Pressure ◽  
Test Engine ◽  
Reference Measurements

This paper describes an experimental study concerning the feasibility of monitoring the combustion instability levels of an HCCI engine based upon cycle-by-cycle exhaust temperature measurements. The test engine was a single cylinder, four-stroke, variable compression ratio Cooperative Fuel Research (CFR) engine coupled to an eddy current dynamometer. A rugged exhaust temperature sensor equipped with special signal processing circuitry was installed near the engine exhaust port. Reference measurements were provided by a laboratory grade, water-cooled cylinder pressure transducer. The cylinder pressure measurements were used to calculate the Coefficient of Variation of Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (COV of IMEP) for each operating condition tested. Experiments with the HCCI engine confirmed that cycle-by-cycle variations in exhaust temperature were present, and were of sufficient magnitude to be captured for processing as high fidelity signal waveforms. There was a good correlation between the variability of the exhaust temperature signal and the COV of IMEP throughout the operating range that was evaluated. The correlation was particularly strong at the low levels of COV of IMEP (2–3%), where production engines would typically operate. A real-time combustion instability signal was obtained from cycle-by-cycle exhaust temperature measurements, and used to provide feedback to the fuel injection control system. Closed loop operation of the HCCI engine was achieved in which the engine was operated as lean as possible while maintaining the COV level at or near 2.5%.

Detection of Combustion Chamber Deposits in Diesel Engines Through Cylinder Pressure and Exhaust Temperature Measurements

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Gardiner ◽  
M. LaViolette ◽  
W. D. Allan ◽  
G. Wang ◽  
M. F. Bardon
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Temperature Measurements ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Peak Heat Release Rate ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Combustion Chamber Deposits ◽  
Using Data

This paper describes experimental research aimed at developing techniques for monitoring the growth of combustion chamber deposits in diesel engines using data obtained from cylinder pressure and exhaust temperature measurements. A naturally aspirated single cylinder research engine was operated alternately between low load “coking” conditions (2.5 bar BMEP) and higher load “decoking” conditions (5.5 bar BMEP) intended to promote the formation and removal, respectively of combustion chamber deposits. The polytropic exponent of compression was observed to increase during coking runs and decrease during decoking runs. The peak heat release rate was observed to decrease during coking runs and increase during decoking runs. The peak cycle value of the first derivative of the exhaust thermocouple signal decreased during coking runs but exhibited no clear trend during decoking runs. Conventional exhaust temperature measurements showed no consistent trend during coking runs but the exhaust temperature decreased during decoking runs.

scholarly journals Idling Performance under Valve Deactivation Strategy in Port Fuel Injection Engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 7155-7169
Author(s):  
A. S. Paimon ◽  
S. Rajoo ◽  
W. Jazair ◽  
M. A. Abas ◽  
Z. H. Che Daud
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Swirl Flow ◽  
Combustion Stability ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Fuel Injector ◽  
Port Fuel Injection ◽  
Indicated Mean Effective Pressure ◽  
Significant Difference

This paper investigates the effect of valve deactivation (VDA) on idling performance in port fuel injection (PFI) engine. The test was conducted on 1.6L, 4-cylinder engine with PFI configuration. One of the two intake valves in each cylinder was deactivated (zero lift on deactivated port) and fuel injector was modified to only provide fuel spray on the active intake port. In-cylinder pressure was recorded by the combustion analyzer in order to measure and analyze the combustion characteristics. From the test, there are up to 6% of fuel consumption improvements across all the test conditions. Better combustion stability is achieved at very low idling speed (throttle position, TP = 2%) as a lower coefficient of variation of engine speed (COVrpm) and coefficient of variation indicated mean effective pressure (COVimep) were recorded. Increased intake velocity and swirl flow in the VDA strategy creates more turbulence intensity causing higher heat release rate and faster combustion. However, there is no significant difference in the pumping work during the intake cycle but there is extra pumping work recorded towards the end of expansion stroke due to the very early end of combustion. Therefore, valve deactivation strategy provides limited positive improvement to the idling performance in PFI engine.

scholarly journals Microphones and Knock Sensors for Feedback Control of HCCI Engines

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason S. Souder ◽  
J. Hunter Mack ◽  
J. Karl Hedrick ◽  
Robert W. Dibble
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Hcci Engine ◽  
Hcci Engines ◽  
Timing Data ◽  
Knock Sensor ◽  
Direct Fuel Injection

Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines lack direct in-cylinder mechanisms, such as spark plugs or direct fuel injection, for controlling the combustion timing. Many indirect methods have been used to control the combustion timing in a HCCI engine. With any indirect method, it is important to have a measure of the combustion timing so the control inputs can be adjusted for the next cycle. In this paper, it is shown that microphones and knock sensors can be used to detect combustion in HCCI engines. The output from various microphones and a knock sensor on an HCCI engine are measured at light and high loads. The combustion timing data obtained from the sensors are compared to the combustion timing data obtained from a piezoelectric cylinder pressure transducer. One of these sensors is selected and used for closed-loop control of the combustion timing in a single cylinder HCCI engine.

A Cyclic Variability Monitoring System Based Upon Cycle Resolved Exhaust Temperature Sensing

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Gardiner ◽  
M. F. Bardon
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Automotive Engine ◽  
Cyclic Variability ◽  
Pressure Transducers ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Indicated Mean Effective Pressure ◽  
Cyclic Variations

This paper describes a means of monitoring cyclic variability in reciprocating engines that is an alternative to cylinder pressure measurements. The monitoring system uses robust exhaust temperature sensors that are capable of detecting cycle-to-cycle variations in the gas temperatures near each exhaust port. These variations are related to cyclic variations in combustion, and tend to increase as cyclic variability worsens. Further processing yields a combustion variability signal that is intended to reflect relative changes in the Coefficient of Variation of Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (COV of IMEP). Proof of concept experiments have been carried out using a naturally aspirated, propane fueled automotive engine equipped with laboratory grade in-cylinder pressure transducers. The results show a good correlation between the exhaust cyclic variability signal and the COV of IMEP from cylinder pressure measurements.

Cycle-by-Cycle Exhaust Temperature Monitoring for Detection of Misfiring and Combustion Instability in Reciprocating Engines

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Gardiner ◽  
William D. Allan ◽  
Marc LaViolette ◽  
Michael F. Bardon
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Combustion Instability ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Combustion Stability ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Combustion Analysis ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Reciprocating Engines ◽  
Temperature Signal ◽  
Combustion Monitoring

This paper describes a means of achieving cycle-by-cycle combustion monitoring of reciprocating engines without the use of cylinder pressure sensors. This approach is intended primarily for engines that are not equipped with indicator passages (that would facilitate the installation of cylinder pressure sensors) but are (or can be) equipped with fittings for individual cylinder exhaust thermocouples. The monitoring system uses rugged exhaust temperature probes and advanced signal processing and analysis to detect cycle-by-cycle variations in exhaust temperatures and correlates these with conventional combustion analysis parameters. The system is particularly useful for detecting the deteriorations in combustion stability that precede misfiring as well as individual misfire events if they occur. Engine test results are presented showing the correlation between the exhaust temperature signal and parameters based upon cylinder pressure measurements. The ability to detect low level combustion instability and isolated, individual misfires has been demonstrated on a 95 liter V12 industrial natural gas engine. It as also been shown that successful acquisition of high fidelity exhaust temperature signals for the combustion analysis can be achieved in the presence of the high levels of electromagnetic interference typical of a power generation facility.

Preliminary Energy-Efficiency Analysis on Multi-Pulse Injection Schedule in a Diesel Engine

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj Kumar ◽  
Ming Zheng ◽  
Graham T. Reader
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Efficiency Analysis ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Pressure Data ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Energy Efficiency Analysis

The multi-pulse fuel injection in a diesel engine is considered an effective way to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions by heat-release shaping. In this research a preliminary energy efficiency analysis has been conducted for various split injection rates and schedules using the in-house and the commercial engine simulation software. Theoretical findings have been validated using experimentally obtained cylinder pressure data for various injection timings from a single-cylinder engine. The theoretical analysis on the shape of heat- release has been made to evaluate the energy efficiency of the post injection pulses on the engine exhaust temperature increases. An investigation of the cycle-to-cycle variation has also been performed for the measured cylinder pressure data.

Engine Control Using Estimated Parameters From a Real Time Model of an Engine With Variable Valve Actuation

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Lahti ◽  
John J. Moskwa
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Engine Control ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Residual Mass

A real time model of an engine was developed and integrated with engine control software to provide better engine control with less calibration effort. The model uses one-dimensional compressible gas wave equations for the intake and exhaust system along with a thermodynamic model of the cylinder to provide real time estimation of the cylinder air charge, exhaust gas residual mass fraction, cylinder pressure, cylinder temperature, and various other states along the intake and exhaust system. Information from the model is used to control the fuel injection, spark advance, valve timing, and throttle position on the actual engine. The system does not use any volumetric efficiency tables. Since the real time model responds like the actual engine there is no need for transient fuel or transient spark advance correction factors. The estimated cylinder pressure is used to calculate the instantaneous indicated engine torque and engine efficiency. Using the model it is possible to optimize efficiency, control the torque output, and regulate the exhaust gas residual mass fraction. The system offers many control advantages and is easy to calibrate.

HCCI Engine Modeling for Real-Time Implementation and Control Development

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 581-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Jia ◽  
Jihong Wang ◽  
Keith Nuttall ◽  
Jianlin Wei ◽  
Hongming Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Hcci Engine ◽  
Engine Modeling ◽  
And Control

Effect of Injection Timing on Combustion Characteristics of a DI Diesel Engine Fuelled with Pistacia chinensis Bunge Seed Biodiesel

2012 ◽  
Vol 614-615 ◽  
pp. 337-342
Author(s):  
Li Luo ◽  
Bin Xu ◽  
Zhi Hao Ma ◽  
Jian Wu ◽  
Ming Li
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Temperature ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Combustion Duration ◽  
Di Diesel Engine ◽  
Maximum Combustion Temperature

In this study, the effect of injection timing on combustion characteristics of a direct injection, electronically controlled, high pressure, common rail, turbocharged and intercooled engine fuelled with different pistacia chinensis bunge seed biodiesel/diesel blends has been experimentally investigated. The results indicated that brake specific fuel consumption reduces with the increasing of fuel injection advance angle and enhances with the increasing of biodiesel content in the blends. The peak of cylinder pressure and maximum combustion temperature increase evidently with the increment of fuel injection advance angle. However, the combustion of biodiesel blends starts earlier than diesel at the same fuel injection advance angle. At both conditions, the combustion duration and the peak of heat release rate are insensitive to the changing of injection timing.

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