Advanced Metal Substrate Technology for Large Engine Exhaust Gas Aftertreatment Systems

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Downey ◽  
Ulrich Pfahl
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Metal Substrate ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Thin Wall ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Aftertreatment System ◽  
Flow Restriction ◽  
Aftertreatment Systems

In the coming years non-road and locomotive diesel engine exhaust gas emissions will become regulated by EPA Tier4 legislation. The stringent emission limits of Tier 4 will require the use of aftertreatment technology currently being used in on-road applications. Based on the potentially large displacements of these engines, the aftertreatment systems will be large and expensive. The flow restriction that is added by the aftertreatment system will result in additional engine pumping work and lower fuel efficiency. The high durability requirements that are demanded of the aftertreatment systems is another factor that needs to be considered. Technologies that reduce complexity, size and cost of the aftertreatment system and minimize incremental fuel consumption are needed. Metal substrate technology offers a number of solutions for the challenges in meeting Tier 4 legislation. The substrates can be used for oxidation catalysts, selective catalytic reduction and slip catalysts depending on what kind of coating is applied to them. The thin wall technology that metal substrates can offer, even at coarse cell densities and lack of required retention mat for system integration provides more open frontal area, leading to lower flow restriction and lower fuel consumption. When designing a modular exhaust system, the shape flexibility will allow for denser packaging of the catalysts. This maximizes the amount of available cross-sectional area, leading to a most compact exhaust system and again better fuel efficiency. Large diameter catalysts can be manufactured in one piece, rather than being joined together from several pieces. A more robust substrate is the outcome.

scholarly journals Method and Device for Reducing the Toxicity of Diesel Engine Exhaust Gases

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.36) ◽  
pp. 920
Author(s):  
Byshov N.V ◽  
Bachurin A.N ◽  
Bogdanchikov I.Yu ◽  
Oleynik D.O ◽  
Yakunin Yu.V. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Noise Level ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Gas Cleaning ◽  
Cleaning System ◽  
Exhaust Gas Cleaning

The aim of the article is to develop a method and a device for reducing the toxicity of exhaust gases of diesel engines and reducing noise taking into account the current mode of operation of the engine. This is done with the help of installing a liquid catalyst (LC) into the exhaust system, ensuring the processes of trapping, chemical bonding and neutralization of toxic components and soot particles in the aerosol chamber while the vortex flow is being processed by a neutralizing solution supplied under pressure. Then the flow is divided into phases and toxic components and soot are separated in the centrifugal swirl drop separator (SDS).The developed and tested design of an exhaust gas cleaning device installed instead of the standard D-120 engine exhaust system and an automated cleaning process control system make it possible to reduce the toxicity of exhaust gases (EG): nitrogen oxides by 40 %, hydrocarbons by 43 % and soot by 70 %. The noise level of its work in enclosed spaces was reduced by 16–22 %. The device also had low gas-dynamic resistance.The investigation methodology is based on the use of modern methods and measuring devices. Exhaust gas tester META “Autotest CO – CH – CO2 – O2 – λ – NOx” was used to measure the toxicity of exhaust gases. To measure smoking at the exhaust of the diesel engine, the opacity meter META-01MP was used. The gas flow velocity was measured with ATT-1004 thermo-anemometer, the noise level of the tractor was recorded with noise and vibration meter VSHV–003–M2, and the fuel consumption with SIRT-1 meter.Theoretical studies were carried out on the basis of the laws of gas dynamics, the modern theory of statistical analysis, and experiment planning techniques. When developing an experimental LC model, dependencies were obtained, which allow to achieve the optimal design and technological parameters of the wet cleaning system for diesel exhaust gases.The optimization of the design parameters and the processing of experimental data were carried out with the help of modern software using the methods of mathematical statistics using computers.The current methods of reducing the toxicity of engines consist primarily in improving the design of engines, in order to influence the nature of the working process, the use of alternative fuels and additives, exhaust gas recirculation, as well as installing various types of exhaust gas catalytic systems. Measures related to the introduction of constructive changes in engines require some major restructuring of the industry, which is difficult to achieve in modern conditions. Alternative fuels have not yet been widely used in agriculture. Therefore, today the most effective and acceptable means of achieving environmental standards is the installation of various mobile catalysts in the exhaust system, as well as devices for trapping soot particles. The use of this exhaust gas cleaning system for diesel engines functioning in enclosed spaces can significantly improve the working conditions of the personnel and have a slight effect on the power and fuel-economic performance of the power unit, reducing the power of the D-120 engine of the T-30 tractor equipped with an upgraded exhaust system when taking external speed characteristics averaged 1.6 %, the torque was 1.5 % and the increase in specific fuel consumption was 1.8 %.In this paper we used materials from scientific publications indexed by bibliographic abstract databases of Scopus and Web of Science.   

Effect of Exhaust Back Pressure on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine Equipped with Diesel Oxidation Catalyst and Exhaust Gas Recirculation

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangamesh Bhure
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Back Pressure ◽  
Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Diesel Oxidation ◽  
Gas Recirculation ◽  
Exhaust Valves

Currently the emission norms are becoming more stringent, continuous modifications are taking place in existing I.C engines as well as in after treatment devices (ATDs). Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) and Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) are the mandatory ATDs controlled electronically to optimize engine brake power, fuel consumption and emissions. The conversion efficiency of ATDs mainly depends on exhaust pressure, temperature, flow rate and fluid characteristics of exhaust gas. However, the installation of ATDs increases the exhaust back pressure in the exhaust system. The back pressure of engine also depends on the parameters like engine operating conditions, design of exhaust valves, valve lift time, exhaust gas dynamics and exhaust manifold design etc. In this paper the attempt is made to study the effect of back pressure on performance and emission of diesel engines equipped with EGR and DOC. Here we have not modified the intake and exhaust valves instead, we varied the back pressure of exhaust system using back pressure control valve (BPCV). BPCV is operated manually at three positions, they are 100%, 87.5% and 75% BPCV lifts. The readings are taken in different combinations of BPCV lifts and brake torque at 20, 40, 60, and 80 N-m. The results obtained shows variation of BPCV lift and brake torque effected on performance of engine, DOC and EGR operations as well as fuel consumption. The NOx is reduced by 15%; HC and CO are reduced significantly. However, there is an increase in brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and exhaust smoke.

NO and NO2 Concentration Modeling and Observer-Based Estimation Across a Diesel Engine Aftertreatment System

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Feng Hsieh ◽  
Junmin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Aftertreatment System ◽  
Stirred Tank Reactors ◽  
Aftertreatment Systems

This paper presents an experimentally validated control-oriented model and an observer for diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC)-diesel particulate filter (DPF) system in the context of exhaust gas NO and NO2 concentration estimations. NO and NO2 have different reaction characteristics within DPF and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems, two most promising diesel engine aftertreatment systems. Although the majority of diesel engine-out NOx emissions is NO, the commonly used DOC located upstream of a DPF and a SCR can convert a considerable amount of NO to NO2. Knowledge of the NO/NO2 ratio in exhaust gas is thus meaningful for the control and diagnosis of DPF and SCR systems. Existing onboard NOx sensors cannot differentiate NO and NO2, and such a sensory deficiency makes separate considerations of NO and NO2 in SCR control design challenging. To tackle this problem, a control-oriented dynamic model, which can capture the main NO and NO2 dynamics from engine-out, through DOC, and to DPF, was developed. Due to the computational limitation concerns, DOC and DPF are assumed to be standard continuously stirred tank reactors in order to obtain a 0D ordinary differential equation model. Based on the model, an observer, with the measurement from a commercially available NOx sensor, was designed to estimate the NO and NO2 concentrations in the exhaust gas along the aftertreatment systems. The stability of the observer was shown through a Lyapunov analysis assisted by insight into the system characteristics. The control-oriented model and the observer were validated with engine experimental data and the measured NO/NO2 concentrations by a Horiba gas analyzer. Experimental results show that the model can accurately predict the main engine-out/DOC/DPF NO/NO2 dynamics very well in semisteady-state tests. For the proposed observer, the predictions converge to the model values and estimate the NO and NO2 concentrations in the aftertreatment system well.

Oxygen Concentration Dynamic Model Through a Diesel Engine Aftertreatment System

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingen Chen ◽  
Junmin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Aftertreatment System ◽  
Aftertreatment Systems ◽  
Oxygen Concentrations

This paper presents a control-oriented model describing the dynamics of oxygen concentration through a Diesel engine aftertreatment system that includes a Diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and a Diesel particulate filter (DPF). Exhaust gas oxygen concentration is important for catalysts such as NOx conversion efficiencies of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems and lean NOx traps (LNT). In the presence of low-pressure loop exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), the exhaust gas oxygen concentration after-DPF also influences combustion. Due to the chemical reactions occurring inside DOC and DPF, the exhaust gas oxygen concentration considerably varies through the aftertreatment systems. Directly measuring the exhaust gas oxygen concentrations at different locations through the exhaust gas aftertreatment system is costly and unreliable. A dynamic model is thus needed in order to design model-based observers to estimate the exhaust gas oxygen concentrations at various locations. The oxygen-related reactions within a DOC and a DPF are investigated in this study. A lumped-parameter, control-oriented DOC-DPF oxygen concentration dynamic model was developed by a multi-objective optimization method and validated with experimental data obtained on a medium-duty Diesel engine equipped with full aftertreatment systems. Experimental results show that the model can well capture the oxygen dynamics across the Diesel engine aftertreatment systems.

scholarly journals Analysis of the effect of exhaust aftertreatment systems con-figurations on the temperature measured in the exhaust sys-tem of a spark-ignition engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 263-267
Author(s):  
Maciej Siedlecki ◽  
Paweł Fuć ◽  
Barbara Sokolnicka ◽  
Natlia Szymlet
Keyword(s):  
Exhaust System ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Exhaust Aftertreatment ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Driving Conditions ◽  
Exhaust Gas Temperature ◽  
Aftertreatment Systems

The article discusses the effect of exhaust aftertreatment systems configuration on the resulting exhaust gas temperature at selected points of the exhaust system. Catalytic reactors and particle filters must reach a specific temperature in order to effectively perform their functions. The temperature they obtain decreases with the increasing distance from the exhaust manifold, as the gases cool along the way. The performed research consisted of measuring the exhaust gas temperature in various places of the exhaust system in simulated driving conditions mapped on the dynamic engine brake station in the aspect of using a particulate filter and its resulting operating efficiency due to the temperature. Measuring the temperature using thermo-couples allowed to assess the probability of achieving full operation of the filters during urban and extra-urban exploitation in a simulation of real driving conditions.

Downsizing of SI Engines by Turbo-Charging

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Police ◽  
Salvatore Diana ◽  
Veniero Giglio ◽  
Biagio Iorio ◽  
Natale Rispoli
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Reverse Flow ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Volumetric Efficiency ◽  
Simulation Code ◽  
Inlet System ◽  
Ic Engine

During most of the operating conditions occurring on a vehicle driving cycle, a reciprocating IC engine works at low load and low speed, with poor fuel efficiency. In this regard downsizing appears as a major way of improving fuel consumption of Spark Ignition Engines. In fact, downsized engines have smaller friction surfaces and can work on the same vehicle and on the same driving cycle with higher mean effective pressure and higher efficiency. In this paper the main technical trends and problems related to SI engine downsizing are reviewed and discussed. Assuming a stoichiometric boosting, a simulation code is used to outline a strategy to improve low end torque of a downsized DISI engine. In the numerical experiments volumetric efficiency is enhanced by an optimal configuration of the inlet system. For the same objective, assuming a Variable Valve Timing, a proper selection of maximum lift and opening duration of the inlet valve allows a reduction of the reverse flow of fresh mixture. The optimization of the exhaust system and of the lift diagram of the exhaust valve leads both to the enhancement of volumetric efficiency and to the reduction of residual exhaust gas, with beneficial effects on knock phenomenon. An evaluation of fuel consumption gains resulting from downsizing is made as well, with reference to a New European Driving Cycle.

scholarly journals Cooling intake air of marine engine with water-fuel emulsion combustion by ejector chiller

2021 ◽  
Vol 323 ◽  
pp. 00031
Author(s):  
Roman Radchenko ◽  
Victoria Kornienko ◽  
Mykola Radchenko ◽  
Dariusz Mikielewicz ◽  
Artem Andreev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Refrigeration Capacity ◽  
Cooling Air

The fuel efficiency of cooling air at the inlet of marine low speed diesel engine with water-fuel emulsion combustion by ejector chiller utilizing the heat of exhaust gas along the route line Mariupol– Amsterdam–Mariupol was estimated. The values of available refrigeration capacity of ejector chiller, engine intake air temperature drop and corresponding decrease in specific fuel consumption of the main diesel engine at varying climatic conditions along the route line were evaluated. Their values for water-fuel emulsion were compared with conventional fuel oil combustion.

Large Engine Aftertreatment in a Pre-Turbine Position: A Path to Compact and Cost-Effective Emissions Reduction

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Downey ◽  
Claus Bruestle ◽  
Dean Tomazic ◽  
Mark Subramaniam ◽  
Christopher Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Large Engine ◽  
Total Size ◽  
Aftertreatment System ◽  
Turbo Charger ◽  
Aftertreatment Systems

With the impending implementation of the Tier 4 emissions standards in the non-road and locomotive sectors, exhaust gas aftertreatment systems will be needed on applications that previously did not require it. Based on the fact that the displacement of these engines is very large, the aftertreatment systems will also be relatively large, heavy and expensive. Additionally, even in these large engine applications, packaging space and systems cost is at a premium. Placing a robust metal aftertreatment system up-stream of the turbo-charger offers an elegant solution to these issues. The higher temperatures and faster temperature rises before the turbine yield faster light-off and better emissions performance. The higher gas density allows the total size of the aftertreatment system in the pre-turbine position to be substantially smaller for a given conversion efficiency, leading to a remarkable packaging and cost benefit of up to 64%. Additionally, by placing the flow-restriction of an aftertreatment system upstream of the turbine, a fuel consumption benefit in the pre-turbine position can be realized as pumping losses of the engine are reduced. The largely steady-state operation of these large engines negates the heat sink effect of the pre-turbine catalytic converters in transient operating conditions. This paper will investigate the benefits of placing an oxidation catalytic converter and partial-flow particulate filter up-stream of the turbo-charger on the fuel consumption of a stationary engine in the 30–35L class by simulation with GT-Power. Different locations for the aftertreatment package as well as optimized sizing for the different locations are investigated to identify the optimum solution for the engine. In addition to the fuel consumption benefits, the cost and weight advantage of the smaller pre-turbine system is emphasized. This view of both the technical and commercial side of the applications, demonstrates a clear advantage for the pre-turbine arrangement of the metal emissions reduction components on large bore engines.

ANALISIS UNJUK KERJA MESIN DIESEL DENGAN BAHAN BAKAR CAMPURAN PERTADEX DAN BIODIESEL DARI BIJI KEMIRI

ROTOR ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Moh. Wafir ◽  
Digdo Listyadi ◽  
Rahma Rei Sakura
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Biodiesel Blends ◽  
Aleurites Moluccana

The decline in fuel oil production has led to the development of alternative fuels that are renewable and more environmentally friendly. An alternative fuel that can be developed is biodiesel. In this study aims to develop alternative biodiesel fuels as a substitute for fossil oil fuels that are feasible applied to diesel engines. This study conducted a diesel engine performance test using mixed fuel from pertadex and biodiesel Aleurites Moluccana with a variation of biodiesel mixture B10, B20, and B30. From the test results using a mixture of biodiesel, the ef ective power and torque produced by the engine decreases compared to using pure pertadex. Among the three variations of the biodiesel mixture, the best ef ective power produced by B10 fuel is 277 Watt and the best torque produced by B10 fuel is 1,238 Nm. Specific fuel consumption in all biodiesel blends is increased compared to pure pertadex. Among the three variations of the biodiesel mixture, the best specific fuel consumption produced by B30 fuel is 1197,67 g/kWh. The thermal ef iciency in all biodiesel blends is increased compared to pure pertadex in B20 and B30 blends. Among the three variations of the biodiesel mixture, the best thermal ef iciency produced by B20 fuel is 7,883 %. The opacity of the engine exhaust gas produced in all biodiesel mixes is getting better compared to using pure pertadex. The best opacity of the engine exhaust gas produced in the use of B30 fuel is 2,3% HSU. Keywords: Biodiesel, Aleurites Moluccana, Diesel Engine Performance, Opacity

A Physically-Based, Control-Oriented Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) Model for the Applications of NO/NO2 Ratio Estimation Using a NOx Sensor

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Feng Hsieh ◽  
Junmin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Oxidation Catalyst ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Ratio Estimation ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Diesel Oxidation ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Aftertreatment Systems

NO and NO2 are generally considered together as NOx in engine emissions. Since NO2/NOx ratio is small in diesel engine exhaust gas, very often, existence of NO2 is ignored in studies/applications. However, current diesel aftertreatment systems generally include diesel oxidation catalysts (DOCs) at upstream of other catalysts such as diesel particulate filter (DPF) and selective catalytic reduction (SCR). DOC can significantly increase the NO2 fraction in the exhaust NOx. Because NO2 and NO have completely different reaction characters within catalysts, e.g. NO2 can assist DPF regeneration while NO cannot, and SCR De-NOx rate can be increased with higher NO2/NOx ratio (no more than 0.5), considerations of NO2 in aftertreatment systems are becoming necessary. Nevertheless, current onboard NOx sensors cannot differentiate NO and NO2 from NOx. This induces an interest in the method of estimating the concentrations of NO and NO2 in the exhaust gas by available measurements. In this paper, a physically-based, DOC control-oriented model which considers the NO and NO2 related dynamics and an engine exhaust NO/NO2 prediction method were proposed for the purposes of NO/NO2 ratio estimation in diesel engine aftertreatment systems, and the developed model was validated with experimental data.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document