Optimal Combustion Positioning Methodology Based on MFB50 On-Board Estimation

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Ponti ◽  
Vittorio Ravaglioli ◽  
Gabriele Serra
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Angular Position ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Harmonic Component ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Harmonic Components ◽  
Engine Cycle

As a result of the increasing request to reduce pollutant emissions and improve efficiency in modern Internal Combustion Engines, it is important to know a high number of quantities that are representative of the combustion process. One of the most important parameters to estimate on-board is the angular position where 50% of fuel mass injected over an engine cycle is burned (MFB50), because it provides information about the effectiveness of combustion (useful, for example, in HCCI combustion control). MFB50 can be evaluated using in-cylinder pressure sensors, nevertheless they would cause engine control systems cost to rise. The MFB50 estimation algorithm presented in this work is based on engine speed measurement, that can be performed using the same 60-2 toothed wheel already present on-board for other control purposes. For the above reason, this approach is not only compatible with on-board applications, it also requires no additional costs. The developed method mainly consists of 2 parts. The first one is to determine the relationship between the engine speed harmonic components and the corresponding indicated torque harmonic components, expressed as a Frequency Response Function representative of the engine-load system’s torsional behavior. After having estimated the indicated torque harmonic component, the following step is to estimate the value of MFB50 cycle by cycle. This is done analyzing the relationships between the indicated torque harmonic components phase and the angular position where 50% of the fuel injected over the engine cycle is burned. The procedure has been applied to an L4 turbocharged Diesel engine mounted on-board a vehicle, obtaining an estimation accuracy adequate enough to feedback a control algorithm for optimal combustion positioning over an engine cycle.

Torque and Center of Combustion Evaluation Through a Torsional Model of the Powertrain

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Ponti ◽  
Vittorio Ravaglioli ◽  
Matteo De Cesare ◽  
Federico Stola
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Angular Position ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Harmonic Component ◽  
Estimation Algorithm ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Engine Management System ◽  
Combustion Control ◽  
Engine Load ◽  
Speed Sensor

The continuous development of modern internal combustion engine (ICE) management systems is mainly aimed at combustion control improvement. Nowadays, performing an efficient combustion control is crucial for drivability improvement, efficiency increase (critical for spark ignited engines), and pollutant emissions reduction (critical in compression ignited engines). The most important quantities used for combustion control are engine load (indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) or torque delivered by the engine) and center of combustion, i.e., the angular position in which 50% of fuel burned within the engine cycle is reached. Both quantities can be directly evaluated starting from in-cylinder pressure measurement, which could be performed using the newly developed piezoresistive pressure sensors for on-board applications. However, the use of additional sensors would increase the cost of the whole engine management system. Due to these reasons, over the past years, a methodology that allows evaluating both engine load and the center of combustion with no extra cost has been developed. This approach is based on engine speed fluctuation measurement, which can be performed using the same speed sensor already mounted on-board. The methodology is general and can be applied to different engine–driveline systems with different architectures and combustion orders. Furthermore, it is compatible with on-board requirements, since the evaluation of only one specific harmonic component of interest is required (depending on the engine–driveline configuration under investigation). In order to clarify all the issues related to the application of the presented approach, it has been applied to some different engines, both compression ignited and spark ignited, taking also into account the case of combustion not evenly spaced. For all the analyzed configurations, the results obtained using the estimation algorithm seemed to be adequate to feedback a closed-loop methodology for optimal combustion control.

scholarly journals Effect of Fuel and Air Dilution on Syngas Combustion in an Optical SI Engine

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1566 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Martinez-Boggio ◽  
S.S. Merola ◽  
P. Teixeira Lacava ◽  
A. Irimescu ◽  
P.L. Curto-Risso
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Propagation Speed ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Inert Gases ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Lean Burn

To mitigate the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, energy production processes must change from fossil to renewable resources. Bioenergy utilization from agricultural residues can be a step towards achieving this goal. Syngas (fuel obtained from biomass gasification) has been proved to have the potential of replacing fossil fuels in stationary internal combustion engines (ICEs). The processes associated with switching from traditional fuels to alternatives have always led to intense research efforts in order to have a broad understanding of the behavior of the engine in all operating conditions. In particular, attention needs to be focused on fuels containing relatively high concentrations of hydrogen, due to its faster propagation speed with respect to traditional fossil energy sources. Therefore, a combustion study was performed in a research optical SI engine, for a comparison between a well-established fuel such as methane (the main component of natural gas) and syngas. The main goal of this work is to study the effect of inert gases in the fuel mixture and that of air dilution during lean fuelling. Thus, two pure syngas blends (mixtures of CO and H2) and their respective diluted mixtures (CO and H2 with 50vol% of inert gases, CO2 and N2) were tested in several air-fuel ratios (stoichiometric to lean burn conditions). Initially, the combustion process was studied in detail by traditional thermodynamic analysis and then optical diagnostics were applied thanks to the optical access through the piston crown. Specifically, images were taken in the UV-visible spectrum of the entire cycle to follow the propagation of the flame front. The results show that hydrogen promotes flame propagation and reduces its distortion, as well as resulting in flames evolving closer to the spark plug. All syngas blends show a stable combustion process, even in conditions of high air and fuel dilution. In the leanest case, real syngas mixtures present a decrease in terms of performance due to significant reduction in volumetric efficiency. However, this condition strongly decreases pollutant emissions, with nitrogen oxide (NOx) concentrations almost negligible.

Diesel Engine Combustion Sensing Methodology Based on Vibration Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ponti Fabrizio ◽  
Ravaglioli Vittorio ◽  
Cavina Nicolò ◽  
De Cesare Matteo
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Combustion Control ◽  
Real Time Analysis

The increasing request for pollutant emissions reduction spawned a great deal of research in the field of combustion control and monitoring. As a matter of fact, newly developed low temperature combustion strategies for diesel engines allow obtaining a significant reduction both in particulate matter and NOx emissions, combining the use of high EGR rates with a proper injection strategy. Unfortunately, due to their nature, these innovative combustion strategies are very sensitive to in-cylinder thermal conditions. Therefore, in order to obtain a stable combustion, a closed-loop combustion control methodology is needed. Many works demonstrate that a closed-loop combustion control strategy can be based on real-time analysis of in-cylinder pressure trace that provides important information about the combustion process, such as start of combustion, center of combustion and torque delivered by each cylinder. Nevertheless, cylinder pressure sensors on-board installation is still uncommon, due to problems related to unsatisfactory measurement long term reliability and cost. This paper presents a newly developed approach that allows extracting information about combustion effectiveness through the analysis of engine vibrations. In particular, the developed methodology can be used to obtain an accurate estimation of the indicated quantities of interest combining the information provided by engine speed fluctuations measurement and by the signals coming from acceleration transducers mounted on the engine. This paper also reports the results obtained applying the whole methodology to a light-duty turbocharged common rail diesel engine.

Diesel Engine Combustion Sensing Methodology Based on Vibration Analysis

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ponti ◽  
V. Ravaglioli ◽  
N. Cavina ◽  
M. De Cesare
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Combustion Control ◽  
Real Time Analysis

The increasing request for pollutant emissions reduction spawned a great deal of research in the field of combustion control and monitoring. As a matter of fact, newly developed low temperature combustion strategies for Diesel engines allow obtaining a significant reduction both in particulate matter and NOx emissions, combining the use of high EGR rates with a proper injection strategy. Unfortunately, due to their nature, these innovative combustion strategies are very sensitive to in-cylinder thermal conditions. Therefore, in order to obtain a stable combustion, a closed-loop combustion control methodology is needed. Many works demonstrate that a closed-loop combustion control strategy can be based on real-time analysis of in-cylinder pressure trace, that provides important information about the combustion process, such as start of combustion, center of combustion and torque delivered by each cylinder. Nevertheless, cylinder pressure sensors on-board installation is still uncommon, due to problems related to unsatisfactory measurement long term reliability and cost. This paper presents a newly developed approach that allows extracting information about combustion effectiveness through the analysis of engine vibrations. In particular, the developed methodology can be used to obtain an accurate estimation of the indicated quantities of interest combining the information provided by engine speed fluctuations measurement and by the signals coming from acceleration transducers mounted on the engine. This paper also reports the results obtained applying the whole methodology to a light-duty turbocharged Common Rail Diesel engine.

scholarly journals RESEARCH ON THE COMBUSTION PROCESS OF NAVAL DIESEL ENGINES TO REDUCE POLLUTANT EMISSIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Mihail Lucian DUMITRACHE ◽  
Nicolae BUZBUCHI
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide Emissions

The modelling of the process in internal combustion engines has been a permanent concern of specialists in the field. The complexity of the phenomena and the strong interdependence between them make the approach particularly difficult. The application of the provisions of the Protocol required the signatory countries, from 2010, to put in place measures to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions, especially in coastal areas, the most affected being, in the first instance, port technical vessels.

scholarly journals Investigation on An Innovative Hydrocarbon Sensor for Real Drive Emissions

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nor Azril Zulkafli ◽  
Norazlianie Sazali ◽  
Saiful Anwar Che Ghani ◽  
Maurice Kettner
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Strict Regulation ◽  
Measurement Concept ◽  
Light Duty Vehicles ◽  
Real Traffic

European law specifies limit values (and test methods) for pollutant emissions from light duty vehicles and heavy-duty engines including carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulates, which are considered dangerous to human health. The internal combustion engines nowadays have strict regulation for emissions that resulted in the growth of demands for measuring methods and the measuring technology. WLTC is a new procedure that replaced the existing New European Diving Cycle (NEDC) to make the emissions become more effective when do the test in laboratory or in real traffic driving. The aim of this research is to investigate suitability of the sensor principle for HC measurement based on tests and their evaluations. The hydrocarbon sensor used to detect the HC by thermal ionization, which produces an ion current as the output voltage of the sensor. The results obtained by the ion measurement concept show that the optimization of the combustion process can be developed through simple mean.

A Phenomenological Combustion Model for Common Rail Multi-Jet Diesel Engine

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Ponti ◽  
Gabriele Serra ◽  
Carlo Siviero
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Angular Position ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Number Of Injections ◽  
Engine Cycle ◽  
The Way

The simplest way to describe the combustion process into the cylinder of an internal combustion engine and the associated heat release is to estimate at each crankshaft angular position the mass fraction of fuel burned using a proper function. There is a number of functions recorded in the literature that have been used for this purpose, the most relevant being likely the so-called Wiebe function. These functions have been developed both for spark ignition and diesel engines. The development of modern Common Rail injection systems makes the application of this kind of methodology particularly challenging. The trend seems to indicate, in fact, that in the near future Diesel engine injection systems will perform up to five injections per engine cycle. Therefore the way energy is released into the cylinder could become very complex to be described and the simple approaches developed up to now could be not sufficient anymore. This paper deals with the development of a single zone combustion model able to correctly describe the heat release rate for a common rail multi-jet diesel engine employing up to 4 injections per engine cycle. The model has been developed step-by-step from the simplest case of a single injection to the more complex one with 4 injections. It has been identified and validated using experimental data obtained employing from 1 to 4 different injections. Premixed and diffusive combustions have been taken into account, both modelled as “Wiebe functions”. Particular identification problems (such as modelling error with multiple injection or identification robustness procedure) are approached on the basis of real data. The main result is that increasing the number of injections actuated (and then the combustion phases) predictive properties of the model are still acceptable, and identification procedure is robust if initial values of unknown parameters are properly set. The obtained results allowed observing for example the way the combustion delays (i.e the time delays between each Start of Injection and the corresponding Start of Combustion) are modified as the number of injections increases, as well as other important combustion characteristics.

scholarly journals Development of a Combustion Delay Model in the Control of Innovative Combustions

2020 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 06013
Author(s):  
Marco Abbondanza ◽  
Nicolò Cavina ◽  
Enrico Corti ◽  
Davide Moro ◽  
Fabrizio Ponti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Position Control ◽  
Angular Position ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Fuel Supply ◽  
Combustion Phase ◽  
Main Injection ◽  
Start Of Combustion

In modern internal combustion engines the research for innovative solutions aimed at the simultaneous reduction of engine-out pollutants and fuel consumption requires synergies from different application areas: the thermo-fluid dynamic design of the combustion chamber, the study and production of specific components for air and fuel supply, the development of sensors and related methods of analyzing their signals to control the combustion process. The most promising innovative combustion methodologies suitable to achieve high efficiency and low emissions, commonly named Low Temperature Combustions (LTC), usually require sophisticated techniques for the management of the combustion phase. With respect to the combustion angular position control, directly performed in traditional spark ignition engines through the ignition from the spark plug and in compression ignition engines by the timing of fuel injection, the ignition mechanisms of LTC combustions are characterized by a high sensitivity to the thermal conditions of the combustion chamber which greatly modifies the angular position of the combustion, mainly due to the combination of high ignition delays and lean homogeneous mixture. Once the hardware of the air and fuel supply systems has been defined, it is therefore essential to ensure the correct management of the combustion phase. In this paper a model for the estimation of the delay between the start of injection and the start of combustion is presented. The model has been developed analyzing the experimental data from a modified cylinder of a diesel engine, fueled with gasoline, while the other three cylinders were still running with Diesel fuel. This solution represents a first step that allows analyzing the behavior of the combustion of gasoline in a Diesel engine, with the final goal to inject gasoline in all the engine cylinders. In particular, the approach used is similar to the one already applied in a traditional turbocharged gasoline engine, where the goal was to estimate the time delay between the spark firing and the start of combustion, mainly to detect the presence of undesired pre-ignition due to the presence of hot spots related to slightly knocking conditions. As it is well known, the role of the pilot injection is to reduce the ignition delay of the main injection. However, to significantly accelerate the ignition of the fuel injected with the main injection, it is necessary to burn a sufficient quantity of the fuel injected by the pilot before the Top Dead Center position (TDC). The application of this model has to allow the implementation of a feed-forward control to stabilize the whole combustion process and achieve the best conversion efficiency from energy to work, taking into account the operational constraints that must be satisfied to guarantee the integrity of the engine and the compliance with the homologation rules.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Lean Stable Limit of a Barrier Discharge Igniter and of a Streamer-Type Corona Igniter at Different Engine Loads in a Single-Cylinder Research Engine

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Federico Ricci ◽  
Luca Petrucci ◽  
Valentino Cruccolini ◽  
Gabriele Discepoli ◽  
Carlo N. Grimaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Barrier Discharge ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Growth Speed ◽  
Stable Limit ◽  
Single Cylinder

Currently, the Radio-Frequency Corona Ignition systems represent an important solution for reducing pollutant emissions and fuel consumption related to Internal Combustion Engines, while at the same time ensuring high performance. These igniters are able to extend the lean stable limit by increasing the early flame growth speed. Kinetic, thermal, and ionic effects, together with the peculiar configuration of the devices, allow the combustion process to start in a wider region than the one involved with the traditional spark. In this work two corona igniters, namely a Barrier Discharge Igniter and a Corona Streamer Igniter, were tested in a single-cylinder research engine fueled with gasoline at different engine loads in order to investigate the igniters’ performance through indicated analysis and pollutant emissions analysis. For each operating point, the devices’ control parameters were set to ensure maximum energy releasement into the medium with the aim of investigating, at the extreme operating conditions, the capability of the devices to extend the lean stable limit of the engine. The corona igniters were tested on a constant volume calorimeter as well, reproducing the engine pressure conditions at the corresponding ignition timing. The target was to give an estimation of the thermal energy released during the discharge and then to compare their capability to provide high-stability energy.

Extraction and Determination of Physico-chemical Properties of Oil from Watermelon Seeds (Citrullus lanatus L) to Use in Internal Combustion Engines

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2676-2681
Author(s):  
Mihaela Gabriela Dumitru ◽  
Dragos Tutunea
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Geometrical Mean ◽  
Reduction Of Nox

The purpose of this work was to investigate the physicochemical properties of watermelon seeds and oil and to find out if this oil is suitable and compatible with diesel engines. The results showed that the watermelon seeds had the maximum length (9.08 mm), width (5.71mm), thickness (2.0 mm), arithmetic mean diameter (5.59 mm), geometrical mean diameter (4.69 mm), sphericity (51.6%), surface area (69.07), volume 0.17 cm3 and moisture content 5.4%. The oil was liquid at room temperature, with a density and refractive index of 0.945 and 1.4731 respectively acidity value (1.9 mgNaOH/g), free fatty acid (0.95 mgNaOH), iodine value (120 mgI2/100g), saponification value (180 mgKOH/g), antiradical activity (46%), peroxide value (7.5 mEqO2/Kg), induction period (6.2 h), fatty acid: palmitic acid (13.1%), stearic acid (9.5 %), oleic acid (15.2 %) and linoleic acid (61.3%). Straight non food vegetable oils can offer a solution to fossil fuels by a cleaner burning with minimal adaptation of the engine. A single cylinder air cooled diesel engine Ruggerini RY 50 was used to measure emissions of various blends of watermelon oil (WO) and diesel fuel (WO10D90, WO20D80, WO30D70 and WO75D25). The physic-chemical properties of the oil influence the combustion process and emissions leading to the reduction of NOX and the increase in CO, CO2 and HC.

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