Parametric Study of High-Temperature Thermochemical Energy Storage Using Manganese-Iron Oxide

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser Vahedi ◽  
Alparslan Oztekin
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Manganese Oxide ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Enthalpy Of Reaction ◽  
Iron Doped ◽  
Continuous Power ◽  
New Generation

Abstract Continuous power supply in Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) plants can be achieved via integration of efficient, cost-effective and reliable Thermal Energy Storage (TES) system. The new generation of CSPs operates at higher temperatures and requires thermal storage systems with higher energy density at high storage temperature. Thermochemical Energy Storage (TCES) is the available solution which can meet performance requirements of energy density, temperature, and stability. TCES systems apply reversible endothermic/exothermic chemical reaction through which energy is stored as the enthalpy of reaction and released during the reverse mode. Among several available potential reversible chemical reactions, metal oxides, with high reaction temperature and enthalpy of reaction, have remarkable advantages compared to others. They use air both as Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF) and oxidation reactant, which eliminates the need for storage and intermediate heat exchanger integration between HTF and collector working fluid. Using air as HTF has made them perfectly fitted for the new generation of air operated solar collectors. Among several screened available potential metal oxides, cobalt and manganese oxides were selected as best candidates for high-temperature storage. Pure manganese oxide does not meet the cyclic operation requirement, but the iron-doped solid solution has proven reasonable cyclic storage performance. In this study, iron-doped manganese oxide (Fe-Mn 1:3 molar ratio) has been selected as a redox agent for TCES reactor. The cylindrical packed bed configuration is considered as a reactor bed configuration. A two-dimensional axisymmetric numerical model is developed using the finite element method. Performance analysis for both charge and discharge is provided separately. The effect of inflow rate and bed porosity variations on reactor performance in complete storage cycle were studied.

A review on high-temperature thermochemical energy storage based on metal oxides redox cycle

2018 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 421-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sike Wu ◽  
Cheng Zhou ◽  
Elham Doroodchi ◽  
Rajesh Nellore ◽  
Behdad Moghtaderi
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Redox Cycle

Study of Heating and Cooling Rate of Cobalt Oxide-Based TCES System Using Experimental Redox Kinetics Analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser Vahedi ◽  
Carlos E. Romero ◽  
Mark A. Snyder ◽  
Alparslan Oztekin
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Cobalt Oxide ◽  
Enthalpy Of Reaction ◽  
High Enthalpy ◽  
Pure Cobalt ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Redox Kinetics

Abstract Cost-effective solar power generation in CSP plants requires the challenging integration of high energy density and high-temperature thermal energy storage with the solar collection equipment and the power plant. Thermochemical energy storage (TCES) is currently a very good option for thermal energy storage, which can meet the industry requirement of large energy density and high storage temperature. TCES specifically exploits reversible chemical reactions wherein heat is absorbed during the forward endothermic reaction and released during the reverse exothermic reaction. The associated enthalpic storage of energy (i.e., the heat of reaction) offers higher density and enhanced stability compared to sensible and latent heat storage. Metal oxide redox reactions are particularly well-suited for TCES given their characteristically high enthalpy of reaction and high reaction temperature. In addition, the air is suitable as both a heat transfer fluid (HTF) and reactant; thus, simplifying process design and eliminating the need for indirect HTF storage and any intermediate heat exchanger. Among the palette of available metal oxides, cobalt oxide is one of the most promising candidates for TCES given its high enthalpy of reaction with high reaction temperature. One of the critical design parameters for TCES reactors is the optimal heating and cooling rates during respective charging and discharging modes of operation. In order to study the effect of heating/cooling rate on cobalt oxide TCES performance, a constant 10°C/min rate was selected for both storage cycle heating and cooling. Considering the intrinsic redox kinetics of cobalt oxide at considered constant heating/cooling rate, we studied milligram scale quantities of cobalt oxide (99.9% purity, 40 μm average particle size) using a dual-mode thermogravimetric (TGA)/differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) system, which simultaneously measures weight change (TGA) and differential heat flow (DSC) as a function of TCES cycling under continuous air purge. In addition, we investigated the cyclic stability of cobalt oxide in the context of the redox kinetics and particle coarsening behavior, employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM). TGA/DSC tests were conducted for 30 successive cycles using pure cobalt oxide. It was shown that pure cobalt oxide in powder form (38μ particle size) could complete both forward and reverse reaction at the selected heating rate with little degradation between cycles. In parallel, SEM was used to examine morphology and particle size changes before and after heating cycles. SEM results proved grain growth occurs even after only five initial cycles.

scholarly journals Considerations for the Design of a High-Temperature Particle Reoxidation Reactor for Extraction of Heat in Thermochemical Energy Storage Systems

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean M. Babiniec ◽  
James E. Miller ◽  
Andrea Ambrosini ◽  
Ellen Stechel ◽  
Eric N. Coker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Coupled System ◽  
Thermal Reduction ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Reactor Outlet ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
Storage Media

In an effort to increase thermal energy storage densities and turbine inlet temperatures in concentrating solar power (CSP) systems, focus on energy storage media has shifted from molten salts to solid particles. These solid particles are stable at temperatures far greater than that of molten salts, allowing the use of efficient high-temperature turbines in the power cycle. Furthermore, many of the solid particles under development store heat via reversible chemical reactions (thermochemical energy storage, TCES) in addition to the heat they store as sensible energy. The heat-storing reaction is often the thermal reduction of a metal oxide. If coupled to an Air-Brayton system, wherein air is used as the turbine working fluid, the subsequent extraction of both reaction and sensible heat, as well as the transfer of heat to the working fluid, can be accomplished in a direct-contact, counter-flow reoxidation reactor. However, there are several design challenges unique to such a reactor, such as maintaining requisite residence times for reactions to occur, particle conveying and mitigation of entrainment, and the balance of kinetics and heat transfer rates to achieve reactor outlet temperatures in excess of 1200 °C. In this paper, insights to addressing these challenges are offered, and design and operational tradeoffs that arise in this highly-coupled system are introduced and discussed.

Ultrahigh Charge-discharge Efficiency and High Energy Density of High-temperature Polymer Sandwiched

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanxi Chen ◽  
Zhongbin Pan ◽  
Yu Cheng ◽  
Xiangping Ding ◽  
Jinjun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Dielectric Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Capacitive Energy Storage ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Discharge Efficiency ◽  
Charge Discharge

A new generation of high-temperature dielectric materials toward capacitive energy storage is highly demanded as power electronics are always exposed to elevated temperatures in high-power applications. Polymer dielectric materials, an...

Understanding Redox Kinetics of Iron-Doped Manganese Oxides for High Temperature Thermochemical Energy Storage

2016 ◽  
Vol 120 (49) ◽  
pp. 27800-27812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso J. Carrillo ◽  
David P. Serrano ◽  
Patricia Pizarro ◽  
Juan M. Coronado
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Manganese Oxides ◽  
Redox Kinetics ◽  
Iron Doped ◽  
Kinetics Of

scholarly journals Perspectives and challenges for lead-free energy-storage multilayer ceramic capacitors

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1153-1193
Author(s):  
Peiyao Zhao ◽  
Ziming Cai ◽  
Longwen Wu ◽  
Chaoqiong Zhu ◽  
Longtu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors ◽  
Multilayer Ceramic

AbstractThe growing demand for high-power-density electric and electronic systems has encouraged the development of energy-storage capacitors with attributes such as high energy density, high capacitance density, high voltage and frequency, low weight, high-temperature operability, and environmental friendliness. Compared with their electrolytic and film counterparts, energy-storage multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) stand out for their extremely low equivalent series resistance and equivalent series inductance, high current handling capability, and high-temperature stability. These characteristics are important for applications including fast-switching third-generation wide-bandgap semiconductors in electric vehicles, 5G base stations, clean energy generation, and smart grids. There have been numerous reports on state-of-the-art MLCC energy-storage solutions. However, lead-free capacitors generally have a low-energy density, and high-energy density capacitors frequently contain lead, which is a key issue that hinders their broad application. In this review, we present perspectives and challenges for lead-free energy-storage MLCCs. Initially, the energy-storage mechanism and device characterization are introduced; then, dielectric ceramics for energy-storage applications with aspects of composition and structural optimization are summarized. Progress on state-of-the-art energy-storage MLCCs is discussed after elaboration of the fabrication process and structural design of the electrode. Emerging applications of energy-storage MLCCs are then discussed in terms of advanced pulsed power sources and high-density power converters from a theoretical and technological point of view. Finally, the challenges and future prospects for industrialization of lab-scale lead-free energy-storage MLCCs are discussed.

scholarly journals A Moving Bed Reactor for Thermochemical Energy Storage Based on Metal Oxides

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Carina Preisner ◽  
Marc Linder
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Heat Extraction ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Oxide Particles

High-temperature thermal energy storage enables concentrated solar power plants to provide base load. Thermochemical energy storage is based on reversible gas–solid reactions and brings along the advantage of potential loss-free energy storage in the form of separated reaction products and possible high energy densities. The redox reaction of metal oxides is able to store thermal energy at elevated temperatures with air providing the gaseous reaction partner. However, due to the high temperature level, it is crucial to extract both the inherent sensible and thermochemical energies of the metal-oxide particles for enhanced system efficiency. So far, experimental research in the field of thermochemical energy storage focused mainly on solar receivers for continuously charging metal oxides. A continuously operated system of energy storage and solar tower decouples the storage capacity from generated power with metal-oxide particles applied as heat transfer medium and energy storage material. Hence, a heat exchanger based on a countercurrent moving bed concept was developed in a kW -scale. The reactor addresses the combined utilization of the reaction enthalpy of the oxidation and the extraction of thermal energy of a manganese–iron-oxide particle flow. A stationary temperature profile of the bulk was achieved with two distinct temperature sections. The oxidation induced a nearly isothermal section with an overall stable off-gas temperature. The oxidation and heat extraction from the manganese–iron oxide resulted in a total energy density of 569 kJ/kg with a thermochemical share of 21.1%.

scholarly journals Electrodeposition of Atmosphere-Sensitive Ternary Sodium Transition Metal Oxide Films for Sodium-Based Electrochemical Energy Storage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arghya Patra ◽  
Jerome Davis III ◽  
Saran Pidaparthy ◽  
Manohar H. Karigerasi ◽  
Beniamin Zahiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Transition Metal Oxides ◽  
High Temperature Superconductivity ◽  
Form Factors ◽  
Electrochemical Energy Storage ◽  
Wide Group ◽  
Electrochemical Energy

<p>Layered sodium transition metal oxides constitute an important class of materials with applications including electrochemical energy storage, high temperature superconductivity and electrocatalysis. However, electrodeposition of these compounds, an approach commonly used to grow other oxides, has been elusive due to their atmosphere instability and intrinsic incompatibility with aqueous electrolytes. Through use of a dry molten sodium hydroxide electrolyte, we demonstrate the high throughput electrodeposition of O3 (O’3) and P2 type layered sodium transition metal oxides across multiple transition metal chemistries, and apply these electrodeposits as high areal capacity cathodes in sodium-ion batteries. The electrodeposits are microns thick, polycrystalline, and structurally similar to materials synthesized classically at high temperature. This work enables fabrication of a wide group of previously inaccessible alkali and alkaline earth ion intercalated, higher valent transition group oxides in important thick film form factors.</p>

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