Effect of Entrainment on Liquid Film Dryout in Vertical Upward Annular Flow

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zan Wu ◽  
Vishwas Wadekar ◽  
Bengt Sundén
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Film ◽  
Annular Flow ◽  
Flow Boiling ◽  
Mass Conservation ◽  
Entrainment Rate ◽  
Vapor Quality ◽  
Water Effect ◽  
Deposition Rates ◽  
Liquid Film Dryout ◽  
Pattern Visualization

This work aims to investigate the effect of liquid entrainment on liquid film dryout in annular flow for flow boiling. Entrainment and deposition rates of droplets were included in mass conservation equations to estimate the local liquid film mass flux in annular flow, and the critical vapor quality at dryout conditions. Different entrainment rate correlations were evaluated using flow boiling data of n-pentane, iso-octane and water. Effect of the initial entrained fraction (IEF) at the churn-annular transition was also investigated. A transition Boiling number was proposed to separate the IEF-sensitive region at high Boiling numbers and the IEF-insensitive region low Boiling numbers. Besides, the diameter effect on dryout vapor quality was studied. The dryout vapor quality increases with decreasing tube diameter. A possible reason is that there is less droplet entrainment in smaller tubes, as evidenced in numerous flow pattern visualization studies. It needs to be pointed out that the dryout characteristics of submillimeter channels to be different because of different mechanisms of dryout, i.e., drying of liquid film underneath long vapor slugs and flow boiling instabilities.

scholarly journals Experimental and theoretical study of dryout in annular flow in small diameter channels

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Mikielewicz ◽  
Michał Gliński ◽  
Jan Wajs
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Liquid Film ◽  
Annular Flow ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Liquid Film Dryout

Experimental and theoretical study of dryout in annular flow in small diameter channels In the paper the experimental analysis of dryout in small diameter channels is presented. The investigations were carried out in vertical pipes of internal diameter equal to 1.15 mm and 2.3 mm. Low-boiling point fluids such as SES36 and R123 were examined. The modern experimental techniques were applied to record liquid film dryout on the wall, among the others the infrared camera. On the basis of experimental data an empirical correlation for predictions of critical heat flux was proposed. It shows a good agreement with experimental data within the error band of 30%. Additionally, a unique approach to liquid film dryout modeling in annular flow was presented. It led to the development of the three-equation model based on consideration of liquid mass balance in the film, a two-phase mixture in the core and gas. The results of experimental validation of the model exhibit improvement in comparison to other models from literature.

Flow Boiling Heat Transfer and Flow Pattern in Rectangular Channel of Mini-Gap

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Yasunobu Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Annular Flow ◽  
Flow Boiling ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Gap Size ◽  
Vapor Quality ◽  
Micro Channels ◽  
Mini Channels

Flow boiling in micro- and mini-channels has attracted much attention in recent years. But the phenomena is such confined channels have not been fully understood and explained. Some conclusions reached by different authors are even contradictory. The present research is trying to study some aspects of flow boiling in mini- and micro-channels. In the present paper boiling heat transfer and two-phase flow patterns in rectangular narrow channels were studied. The gap size of the channel was varied as 2, 1, 0.5 and 0.2 mm with the channel width and length being kept at 20 mm and 100 mm, respectively. In the present mini- and micro-channels, four flow patterns were identified; bubbly, intermittent, wavy and annular flow. They can be also divided into several sub-flow patterns. Flow patterns showed strong channel gap size dependence. Smaller gap size deleted bubbly flow, thus induced simpler flow patterns to shift the annular flow at lower vapor quality. The channels can be divided into two groups depending on the gap size; the larger gap group of 2 and 1 mm, and the smaller gap group of 0.5 and 0.2 mm. The larger gap group showed similar heat transfer behavior as conventional size of tubes. The smaller gap group indicated some peculiar phenomena. Heat transfer coefficient in the smaller gap group was relatively high in the low quality region. Then heat transfer coefficient decreased monotonously with increasing vapor quality. This behavior was considered attributable to the micro-bubble generation in the channel corners and an early partial dryout of thin liquid film. Thus the relationship between heat transfer coefficient and flow pattern should be carefully pursued in micro- and mini-channels to develop heat transfer correlations based on flow patterns.

Modeling of Dry-Out Incipience for Flow Boiling in a Circular Microchannel at a Uniform Heat Flux

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amen Younes ◽  
Ibrahim Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Liquid Film ◽  
Flow Regime ◽  
Annular Flow ◽  
Flow Boiling ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Inertia Force ◽  
Saturated Flow ◽  
Working Fluids ◽  
Dry Out

Dry-out is an essential phenomenon that has been observed experimentally in both slug and annular flow regimes for flow boiling in mini and microchannels. The dry-out leads to a drastic drop in heat transfer coefficient, reversible flow and may cause a serious damage to the microchannel. Consequently, the study and prediction of this phenomenon is an essential objective for flow boiling in microchannels. The aim of this work is to develop an analytical model to predict the critical heat flux (CHF) based on the prediction of liquid film variation in annular flow regime for flow boiling in a horizontal uniformly heated circular microtube. The model is developed by applying one-dimensional (1D) separated flow model for a control volume in annular flow regime for steady, and sable saturated flow boiling. The influence of interfacial shear and inertia force on the liquid film thickness is taken into account. The effects of operating conditions, channel sizes, and working fluids on the CHF have been investigated. The model was compared with 110 CHF data points for flow boiling of various working fluids, (water, LN2, FC-72, and R134a) in single and multiple micro/minichannels with diameter ranges of (0.38≤Dh≤3.04 mm) and heated-length to diameter ratios in the range of (117.7 (117.7≤Lh/D≤470)470). Additionally, three CHF correlations developed for saturated flow boiling in a single microtube have been employed for the model validation. The model showed a good agreement with the experimental CHF data with mean absolute error (MAE) = 19.81%.

Conditions of liquid film dryout during saturated flow boiling in microchannels

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (24) ◽  
pp. 5795-5801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémi Revellin ◽  
Philippe Haberschill ◽  
Jocelyn Bonjour ◽  
John R. Thome
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Film ◽  
Flow Boiling ◽  
Saturated Flow ◽  
Liquid Film Dryout

An Analytical Model of Flow Boiling Heat Transfer for Slug Flow in a Single Circular Horizontal Micro-Channel

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amen M. Younes ◽  
Ibrahim Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Liquid Film ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Slug Flow ◽  
Boiling Heat Transfer ◽  
Flow Boiling ◽  
Micro Channel ◽  
Vapor Quality ◽  
Flow Boiling Heat Transfer

Slug flow is one of the most common flow patterns that occur during flow boiling in horizontal micro-channels. In the present work, an analytical model of flow boiling heat transfer is developed for slug flow in a single circular horizontal micro-channel under a uniform heat flux. The heat transfer is affected mainly by the liquid film thickness confined between the vapor slug and the channel wall. For more physical and reliable flow boiling heat transfer model, the liquid film thickness variation and pressure gradient effects on the flow boiling heat transfer coefficient are considered. The influence of vapor quality on heat transfer coefficient, vapor velocity and liquid film velocity is studied. The model is constructed based on the conservation equations of the separated two phase flow. The interphase surface is assumed to be smooth and the flow is a laminar flow. The obtained model applied for flow boiling of R-134a refrigerant in the slug flow at a narrow vapor quality range (0.0 < x < 0.1). The heat transfer coefficient showed a high increase close to the low vapor quality while decreases gradually after the peak. Furthermore, the vapor velocity increases linearly by increasing the vapor quality while, the liquid film velocity decreases.

Liquid Film Dryout in Vertical Two-Phase Annular Flow in a Rectangular Channel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Morse ◽  
Tiago Moreira ◽  
Kristofer Dressler ◽  
Gherhardt Ribatski ◽  
Louise Mccarroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Film ◽  
Annular Flow ◽  
Rectangular Channel ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Liquid Film Dryout

Local Heat Transfer of Saturated Flow Boiling in Vertical Narrow Microchannel

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junye Li ◽  
Yuhao Lin ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Kan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Liquid Film ◽  
Annular Flow ◽  
Flow Boiling ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
High Heat Flux ◽  
Bubble Flow ◽  
Saturated Flow

Abstract An experimental study of saturated flow boiling in a high-aspect-ratio one-side-heating rectangular microchannel was conducted with de-ionized water as the working fluid. ZnO microrods with the average diameter of about 1 μm and length of about 7 μm were synthesized on the Ti wafer surface, which was used to fabricate the heated bottom surface of the microchannel. The ZnO microrod surface appeared to be hydrophobic and the capillary wetting effect on the surface was found after being wet. The heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of saturated flow boiling in the microchannel were studied and the flow patterns were photographed with a high-speed camera. Almost all the flow patterns observed in this experiment featured the main annular flow and abrupt flush of bubbly flow. Because of the capillary wetting effect on the ZnO microrod surface, the local dryout and rewetting phenomenon did not appear in this study. However, due to the numerous nucleation sites on ZnO microrod surface, the abrupt bubble flow caused much more disruption to the liquid film of annular flow when compared to the regular silicon surface. The abrupt bubble flow flushed through the annular liquid film and caused the fluctuation and nonuniformity of the liquid film and heat transfer deterioration, which was severer in the high heat flux conditions. Otherwise, the capillary effect on the ZnO microrod surface was able to restrict the nonuniformity of the liquid film under high heat flux and low mass flux conditions; thus, the deterioration of heat transfer performances diminished.

Physics of Transition to Annular Flow in Microchannel Flow Boiling Process

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meisam Matin ◽  
Abdy Fazeli ◽  
Saeed Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Film ◽  
Flow Regime ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Annular Flow ◽  
Flow Boiling ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Transitional Region ◽  
Boiling Process ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Complex Phenomena

Transition to annular flow regime in microchannels is arguably one of the most complex phenomena in the flow boiling process. The instability of the vapor-liquid interface in this interstitial regime presents an intricate situation in which the interface pattern rapidly changes with the mass flow rate and surface heat flux. Although a few past studies have reported observing this regime, thermohydraulics of the process and flow and boundary conditions under which this transition occurs have remained largely unknown. The main obstacle in deciphering the physics of this process is lack of measurement tools to characterize hydrodynamics and thermal characteristics of this flow regime at microscales. The present study benefits from implementation of a novel test device that enables measuring the liquid film thickness and its rapid variations with micrometer and microseconds spatial and temporal resolutions. It is determined that each flow regime has a unique surface temperature signature that enables its clear distinction without need for high-speed visualization. Based on the dynamics of the flow, we identified that the transitional region is comprised of two regimes coalescing bubbles (CB) and semi-annular flow conditions. The difference between these two flow regimes emanates from motion of liquid film beneath the bubble.

Liquid Film Dryout in Vertical Two-Phase Annular Flow in a Rectangular Channel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Morse ◽  
Tiago Moreira ◽  
Kristofer Dressler ◽  
Gherhardt Ribatski ◽  
Louise Mccarroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Film ◽  
Annular Flow ◽  
Rectangular Channel ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Liquid Film Dryout

Suppressed Dry-out in Two-Phase Microchannels via Surface Structures

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangying Zhu ◽  
Dion S. Antao ◽  
Tiejun Zhang ◽  
Evelyn N. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Film ◽  
Annular Flow ◽  
Flow Boiling ◽  
Thin Liquid Film ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Structured Surfaces ◽  
Boiling Regime ◽  
Structured Surface ◽  
Dry Out

We demonstrated suppressed dry-out on structured surfaces during flow boiling in microchannels. We designed and fabricated microchannels with well-defined silicon micropillar arrays (heights of ~25 µm, diameters of 10 µm and pitches of 40 µm) coated with silicon dioxide on the bottom heated channel wall. We visualized the flow fields inside a smooth and structured surface microchannel during the annular flow boiling regime with a high speed camera at a frame rate of 2000 fps. Time-lapse images revealed two distinct dry-out dynamics for the two types of surfaces. For the smooth surface, the thin liquid film broke-up into smaller liquid drops/islands and the surface stayed in a dry state after the drops evaporated. The microstructured surface, on the other hand, preserved the thin liquid film initially due to capillary wicking. Dry patches eventually formed at the center of the microchannel which indicated wicking in the transverse direction (from the sidewalls inward) in addition to wicking in the flow direction. Overall, the structured surface showed less instances of dry-out both spatially and temporally. These visualizations aid in the understanding of the stability of the thin liquid film in the annular flow boiling regime and provide insight into heat transfer enhancement mechanisms by leveraging surface structure design in microchannels.

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