A Novel Mechanism for Heat Transfer Enhancement Through Microchannels Using Electrokinetic Effect

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azad Qazi Zade ◽  
Reza Monazami ◽  
Mehrdad T. Manzari ◽  
Vahid Bazargan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Velocity Profile ◽  
Heat Transfer Enhancement ◽  
Body Force ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Transfer Enhancement ◽  
Electrokinetic Effect ◽  
Electroosmotic Pumping ◽  
Pressure Driven Flow ◽  
Pressure Driven

In this paper a three-dimensional numerical model is developed in order to study the heat transfer enhancement in rectangular microchannels due to electrokinetic effect. The electrokinetic body force on fluid elements gives some superior convective transport properties to the flow relative to pure pressure driven flow in microchannels. Unlike the conventional parabolic velocity profile of pressure driven laminar flow, the electrokinetic body force transforms the velocity profile to a slug-like flow. Due to sharp velocity gradient near the wall, the convective heat transfer properties of the flow are improved dramatically. Net charge distribution across the channel is obtained by solving the 2D Poisson-Boltzmann equation. The incompressible laminar Navier-Stokes equations are then solved numerically by considering the presence of electrokinetic body force using the finite element method. Finally to obtain the temperature field through the channel, three-dimensional energy equation is solved for constant wall temperature condition. The analysis provides a unique fundamental insight into the complex flow and heat transfer pattern established in the channel due to combined pressure driven-electroosmotic pumping mechanism. The results are compared with the pressure driven flow in same channel. The comparison reveals significant change in flow pattern and heat transfer characteristics of single phase flow through microchannel by adding electroosmotic pumping mechanism to pressure driven flow.

Heat Transfer Enhancement in Narrow Channels Using Two and Three-Dimensional Mixing Devices

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 590-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Garimella ◽  
D. J. Schlitz
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Prandtl Number ◽  
Heat Transfer Enhancement ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Reynolds Numbers ◽  
Transitional Flow ◽  
Transfer Enhancement ◽  
Roughness Elements

The localized enhancement of forced convection heat transfer in a rectangular duct with very small ratio of height to width (0.017) was experimentally explored. The heat transfer from a discrete square section of the wall was enhanced by raising the heat source off the wall in the form of a protrusion. Further enhancement was effected through the use of large-scale, three-dimensional roughness elements installed in the duct upstream of the discrete heat source. Transverse ribs installed on the wall opposite the heat source provided even greater heat transfer enhancement. Heat transfer and pressure drop measurements were obtained for heat source length-based Reynolds numbers of 2600 to 40,000 with a perfluorinated organic liquid coolant, FC-77, of Prandtl number 25.3. Selected experiments were also performed in water (Prandtl number 6.97) for Reynolds numbers between 1300 and 83,000, primarily to determine the role of Prandtl number on the heat transfer process. Experimental uncertainties were carefully minimized and rigorously estimated. The greatest enhancement in heat transfer relative to the flush heat source was obtained when the roughness elements were used in combination with a single on the opposite wall. A peak enhancement of 100 percent was obtained at a Reynolds number of 11,000, which corresponds to a transitional flow regime. Predictive correlations valid over a range of Prandtl numbers are proposed.

Heat Transfer Enhancement in Three-Dimensional Flow Past a Hydrophobic Cylinder for Heat Exchanger Applications

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Mastrokalos ◽  
L. Kaiktsis
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Enhancement ◽  
Slip Length ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spanwise Direction ◽  
Cylinder Surface ◽  
Transfer Enhancement ◽  
Hydrophobic Region ◽  
Dimensional Flow ◽  
Flow Past

Hydrophobic surfaces, enabling flow slip past a solid boundary, can be effective for suppressing flow unsteadiness, as well as for heat transfer enhancement; both are important for heat exchanger applications. In the present work, a computational investigation of forced convection heat transfer in cross-flow past a hydrophobic circular cylinder is performed at a Reynolds number value of 300, for which flow past a non-hydrophobic cylinder is three-dimensional. Here, the cylinder surface is maintained at a constant temperature, whereas a Prandtl number of unity is considered. Surface hydrophobicity is modelled based on the Navier model. In a first step, slip conditions are implemented on the entire cylinder surface (full slip), for a nondimensional slip length b* = b/D = 0.20, b being the slip length and D the cylinder diameter. This results in a suppression of flow unsteadiness, as well as in a simultaneous heat transfer enhancement; the latter is quantified by the increase of the mean Nusselt number. Next, in order to reduce the extent of the hydrophobic region, and thus the associated cost, a partial slip setup is considered. This setup consists of alternating hydrophobic and non-hydrophobic strips along the spanwise direction, the width of which is selected considering the spanwise wavelength, λz, of three-dimensional flow. Further, following recent studies of the authors on two-dimensional flow, a non-hydrophobic region is considered around the average rear stagnation point (in the circumferential direction), for all hydrophobic strips. It is shown that the present setup can result in values of mean Nusselt number comparable to those attained with full slip. Overall, the present results illustrate that a proper implementation of partial hydrophobicity on the cylinder surface, along the circumferential and the spanwise direction, results in a suppression of wake unsteadiness and fluctuating forces, as well as in a simultaneous enhancement of heat transfer rates.

scholarly journals Optimal heat transfer enhancement in plane Couette flow

2017 ◽  
Vol 835 ◽  
pp. 1157-1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shingo Motoki ◽  
Genta Kawahara ◽  
Masaki Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Heat Transfer Enhancement ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Wall Heat Flux ◽  
Scalar Dissipation ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Transfer Enhancement ◽  
Optimal State

Optimal heat transfer enhancement has been explored theoretically in plane Couette flow. The vector field (referred to as the ‘velocity’) to be optimised is time independent and divergence free, and temperature is determined in terms of the velocity as a solution to an advection-diffusion equation. The Prandtl number is set to unity, and consistent boundary conditions are imposed on the velocity and the temperature fields. The excess of a wall heat flux (or equivalently total scalar dissipation) over total energy dissipation is taken as an objective functional, and by using a variational method the Euler–Lagrange equations are derived, which are solved numerically to obtain the optimal states in the sense of maximisation of the functional. The laminar conductive field is an optimal state at low Reynolds number $Re\sim 10^{0}$. At higher Reynolds number $Re\sim 10^{1}$, however, the optimal state exhibits a streamwise-independent two-dimensional velocity field. The two-dimensional field consists of large-scale circulation rolls that play a role in heat transfer enhancement with respect to the conductive state as in thermal convection. A further increase of the Reynolds number leads to a three-dimensional optimal state at $Re\gtrsim 10^{2}$. In the three-dimensional velocity field there appear smaller-scale hierarchical quasi-streamwise vortex tubes near the walls in addition to the large-scale rolls. The streamwise vortices are tilted in the spanwise direction so that they may produce the anticyclonic vorticity antiparallel to the mean-shear vorticity, bringing about significant three-dimensionality. The isotherms wrapped around the tilted anticyclonic vortices undergo the cross-axial shear of the mean flow, so that the spacing of the wrapped isotherms is narrower and so the temperature gradient is steeper than those around a purely streamwise (two-dimensional) vortex tube, intensifying scalar dissipation and so a wall heat flux. Moreover, the tilted anticyclonic vortices induce the flow towards the wall to push low- (or high-) temperature fluids on the hot (or cold) wall, enhancing a wall heat flux. The optimised three-dimensional velocity fields achieve a much higher wall heat flux and much lower energy dissipation than those of plane Couette turbulence.

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