Thermal Curing and Strength of PMMA Bone Cement

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Sanchez ◽  
W. Sutton ◽  
W. Rizk ◽  
J. Tompkins
Keyword(s):  
Bone Cement ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Exothermic Reaction ◽  
Bone Cements ◽  
Thermal Curing ◽  
Heat Transfer Modeling ◽  
Pmma Bone Cement ◽  
Maximum Reaction ◽  
Pmma Cement

Many current bone cements have proprietary minor ingredients that affect the chemical kinetics and heat transfer modeling of the exothermic reaction during bone cement polymerization. In addition, the geometry and the method of cooling/curing the bone cement can vary by application. A method for modeling energy generation, based on temperature measurement of various geometries and conditions, expresses the exothermic reaction and the duration with respect to time. Reaction from the bone cement can yield temperatures above 110°C for the air convective cooling boundary condition. Experiments show that by using cold irrigation cooling (saline) with an initial temperature of 1.5°C, the maximum reaction temperature of the PMMA cement approaches 40°C depending upon the thickness of the cement. For bone cement cooled in air and saline at room temperature, the exothermic reaction begins around 400 seconds (8 min) after the compounds are mixed. When cold saline is applied, the time-delay of the reaction is approximately 300 additional seconds compared to the two room temperature cases. Finally, based on compression testing, the structural behavior of the PMMA cement is improved when the material is cured in a slower and wet environment.

Bioactive bone cements

1998 ◽  
Vol 212 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
E J Harper
Keyword(s):  
Bone Cement ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Cement Mantle ◽  
Polymerization Reaction ◽  
Bone Cements ◽  
Surgical Results ◽  
Pmma Bone Cement ◽  
Bioactive Agents ◽  
Pmma Cement ◽  
Surrounding Bone

Poly (methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement, used to fix implants into the bone, produces good surgical results if used correctly. However, prostheses do eventually become loose and the breakdown of the cement mantle is a factor in this failure. Limitations of PMMA cement, which lead to problems with the fixation of the implant, include its mechanical characteristics and its influence upon surrounding bone, associated with the polymerization reaction. A bioactive bone cement is particularly designed to produce a better interface between the cement and bone. However, an improvement in mechanical properties, especially fatigue, creep and fracture toughness, are an added necessary requirement to increase the lifetime of a cemented implant. The development of a bioactive cement has been conducted mainly in two ways; firstly, to improve existing PMMA cement by the addition of various bioactive agents and secondly, to design an alternative matrix for the bioactive material to be combined with. The most promising investigations which have been conducted, along with their relative benefits and drawbacks, are discussed.

The effect on the fatigue strength of bone cement of adding sodium fluoride

2001 ◽  
Vol 215 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Minari ◽  
M Baleanil ◽  
L Cristofolini ◽  
F Baruffaldi
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Bone Cement ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Cement Mantle ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Fatigue Performance ◽  
Bone Cements ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Pmma Bone Cement

New bone cements that include several additives are currently being investigated and tested. One such additive is sodium fluoride (NaF), which promotes bone formation, facilitating implant integration and success. The influence of NaF on the fatigue performance of the cement as used in biomedical applications was tested in this paper. In fact fatigue failure of the cement mantle is a major factor limiting the longevity of a cemented implant. An experimental bone cement with added NaF (12wt%) was investigated. The fatigue strength of the novel bone cement was evaluated in comparison with the cement without additives; fatigue tests were conducted according to current standards. The load levels were arranged based on a validated, statistically based optimization algorithm. The curve of stress against number of load cycles and the endurance limit were obtained and compared for both formulations. The results showed that the addition of NaF (12 wt %) to polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement does not affect the fatigue resistance of the material. Sodium fluoride can safely be added to the bone cement without altering the fatigue performance of the PMMA bone cement.

scholarly journals Mechanical Failure of Artificial Joint Materials: Wear and Fatigue

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Timmie Topoleski
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Bone Cement ◽  
Fatigue Failure ◽  
Relative Motion ◽  
Wear Mechanisms ◽  
Bone Cements ◽  
Artificial Joint ◽  
Artificial Joints ◽  
Cocrmo Alloy ◽  
Pmma Bone Cement

Abstract Total artificial joint replacements are one of the most effective treatments for arthritis. Artificial joints are used to replace damaged cartilage and act as low-friction articulating materials in joints. During normal human walking, some of the materials used for artificial knee and hip replacements are subjected to both sliding articulation (relative motion) and cyclic loading. A common example is the CoCrMo alloy femoral surface of an artificial knee that articulates against an ultra-high-molecular-weight-polyethylene (UHMWPE) component. Other materials do not experience relative motion (at least not intentionally) and are subjected to only cyclic loading. An example is the poly(methyl methacrylate) or PMMA bone cement used to fix components of artificial joints into bones. In the case of articulating materials, both surfaces are susceptible to wear, from both second-body and third body (in the presence of abrasive particles) mechanisms. Wear of the UHMWPE has received considerable attention recently, since the polymer wear is far more obvious than the metal wear. The Biomaterials field is developing an understanding of the wear mechanisms and how to enhance the wear resistance of UHMWPE. The wear of the metal components has not received as much attention, yet materials wear as a couple; both surfaces play a role in the overall wear. In the UMBC Laboratory for Implantable Materials, we are investigating the mechanisms of CoCrMo alloy wear, and the effect of worn metal components on the wear of UHMWPE. Understanding the wear mechanisms of metal components may help to extend the life of artificial joints by allowing new articulating material combinations and joint designs. For non-articulating materials, fatigue failure is a primary concern. Fatigue of metal components is relatively rare. In the distal portion of an artificial hip, the metal hip stem is fixed into the bone by a layer of PMMA bone cement. The PMMA bone cement is far weaker and less resistant to fracture and fatigue than either the bone or the metal, and thus may be considered the mechanical “weak link” in cemented total joints. We are investigating the fatigue properties of PMMA bone cements, and studying the mechanisms of fatigue crack initiation. If we can determine how fatigue cracks start in bone cement, we may be able to develop, for example, new surgical procedures (e.g., bone preparation) that will reduce the likelihood of fatigue failure. New formulations of bone cement have been developed for both joint fixation, and also for bone repair or replacement. Understanding the failure mechanisms of bone cements may enable safe and effective new uses for new bone cements, and extend the lives of cemented artificial joints.

scholarly journals Facial profile changes due to bone cement graft to manage the hyperactive muscles of the gingival smile

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
Érica Miranda de Torres ◽  
José Valladares-Neto ◽  
Karina de Oliveira Bernades ◽  
Luis Fernando Naldi ◽  
Hianne Miranda de Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Cement ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Nasolabial Angle ◽  
Pmma Bone Cement ◽  
Graft Thickness ◽  
Profile Changes ◽  
Pmma Cement

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate facial profile changes promoted by polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) cement graft to reduce excessive gingival display due to hyperactivity of the elevator muscles of the upper lip during smiling. Methods: Eleven patients (all females, age range: 20 to 43 years) presenting gingival smile that were treated with PMMA cement grafts in a private clinic were selected for this retrospective study. Three angular and ten linear cephalometric facial profile measurements were performed preoperatively (baseline, T1) and at least 6 months postoperatively (T2). Differences between T1 and T2 were verified by Wilcoxon test, and the correlation between the thickness of the graft and facial profile changes was statistically evaluated by Spearman’s Coefficient test. The significance level was set at p< 0.05. Results: The nasolabial angle (p= 0.03) and the labial component of the nasolabial angle showed statistically significant differences (p= 0.04), with higher values in T2. No correlations were found between the graft thickness and the statistically significant facial profile changes (p> 0.05). Conclusions: The PMMA bone cement graft projected the upper lip forward, thereby increasing the nasolabial angle without affecting the nasal component. No correlations between the graft thickness and the facial profile changes were detected.

scholarly journals A promising material for bone repair: PMMA bone cement modified by dopamine-coated strontium-doped calcium polyphosphate particles

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 191028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Liu ◽  
Can Cheng ◽  
Xu Peng ◽  
Hong Xiao ◽  
Chengrui Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Cement ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Bone Cements ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Calcium Polyphosphate ◽  
Pmma Bone Cement ◽  
Repair Materials ◽  
Biological Performance ◽  
Bone Repair Materials ◽  
Composite Bone

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement has been widely used in clinics as bone repair materials for its excellent mechanical properties and good injection properties. However, it also has defects such as poor biological performance, high temperature, and the monomer has certain toxicity. Our study tried to modify the PMMA bone cement by doping with various particle weight fractions (5, 10 and 15%) of SCPP particles and polydopamine-coated SCPP particles (D/SCPP) to overcome its clinical application disadvantages. Our study showed that all results of physical properties of samples are in accordance with ISO 5833. The 15% D/SCPP/PMMA composite bone cement had much better biocompatibility compared with pure PMMA bone cement and SCPP/PMMA composite bone cement due to the best cell growth-promoting mineralization deposition on the surface of 15% D/SCPP/PMMA composite bone cements and Sr 2+ released from SCPP particles. Our research also revealed that the reaction temperature was found to be reduced with an increase in doped particles after incorporating the particles into composite bone cements. The novel PMMA bone cements modified by D/SCPP particles are promising materials for bone repair.

scholarly journals Enhanced osteointegration of poly(methylmethacrylate) bone cements by incorporating strontium-containing borate bioactive glass

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (131) ◽  
pp. 20161057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Cui ◽  
Chengcheng Huang ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Changshun Ruan ◽  
Songlin Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Bone Cement ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Composite Cement ◽  
Collagen Secretion ◽  
Pmma Bone Cement ◽  
Borate Bioactive Glass ◽  
Composite Cements ◽  
Pmma Cement

Although poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) cements are widely used in orthopaedics, they have numerous drawbacks. This study aimed to improve their bioactivity and osseointegration by incorporating strontium-containing borate bioactive glass (SrBG) as the reinforcement phase and bioactive filler of PMMA cement. The prepared SrBG/PMMA composite cements showed significantly decreased polymerization temperature when compared with PMMA and retained properties of appropriate setting time and high mechanical strength. The bioactivity of SrBG/PMMA composite cements was confirmed in vitro , evidenced by ion release (Ca, P, B and Sr) from SrBG particles. The cellular responses of MC3T3-E1 cells in vitro demonstrated that SrBG incorporation could promote adhesion, migration, proliferation and collagen secretion of cells. Furthermore, our in vivo investigation revealed that SrBG/PMMA composite cements presented better osseointegration than PMMA bone cement. SrBG in the composite cement could stimulate new-bone formation around the interface between the composite cement and host bone at eight and 12 weeks post-implantation, whereas PMMA bone cement only stimulated development of an intervening connective tissue layer. Consequently, the SrBG/PMMA composite cement may be a better alternative to PMMA cement in clinical applications and has promising orthopaedic applications by minimal invasive surgery.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Vancomycin-Loaded PMMA Cement in Combination with Ultrasound and Microbubbles-Mediated Ultrasound

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiao Lin ◽  
Xun-Zi Cai ◽  
Ming-Min Shi ◽  
Zhi-Min Ying ◽  
Bin Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Cement ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Pmma Bone Cement ◽  
Prosthetic Joint ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Pmma Cement

Ultrasound (US) has been used to increase elution of antibiotic from an antibiotic-loaded poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement (ALBC). We aimed to further investigate whether microbubbles-mediated US (US + MB) facilitate elution of vancomycin (VAN) from cylindrical specimens and enhance the activity of the eluted antibiotic againstStaphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) in vitro. The study groups comprised cylindrical bone cement fabricated with VAN (VAN), ALBC using US (VAN + US), and ALBC using MB-mediated US (VAN + US + MB). We also carried out an in vivo study involving the activity of VAN from cylindrical cement implanted in tibiae of New Zealand white rabbits inoculated withS. aureus. We found that (1) in vitro, elution from VAN + US + MB cylinders was significantly higher than from either the VAN or VAN + US specimens; (2) the activity of the eluted VAN from the VAN + US + MB cylinders against planktonicS. aureuswas significantly higher than from either the control or VAN or VAN + US specimens; and (3) in the rabbits, the activity of the eluted VAN from the VAN + US + MB cylinders againstS. aureuswas significantly higher than from either the control or VAN or VAN + US specimens. The present results suggest that VAN-loaded PMMA cement irradiated with MB-mediated US may have a role in controlling prosthetic joint infection.

Determinate the Fracture Toughness of PMMA Cement

2014 ◽  
Vol 1030-1032 ◽  
pp. 758-761
Author(s):  
Tong Fu Wang ◽  
Sheng Peng Ding ◽  
Hai Chuan Cao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Bone Cement ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Transverse Direction ◽  
Bone Cements ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Pmma Cement

In this paper, adding multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to the polymethylmethacrylate-based (PMMA) bone cements as a way of reinforcement were prepared, and the structure was investigated. The aim of this study was to confirmed the transverse-direction fracture toughness (KIv) in bone cement. TheKIvof PMMA cement and PMMA/MWNCTs cement were determined to be 1.32±0.1 MPa m1/2and 1.96±0.1 MPa m1/2, respectively.

scholarly journals Advanced G-MPS-PMMA Bone Cements: Influence of Graphene Silanisation on Fatigue Performance, Thermal Properties and Biocompatibility

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Eva Paz ◽  
Yolanda Ballesteros ◽  
Juana Abenojar ◽  
Nicholas Dunne ◽  
Juan C. del Real
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Bone Cement ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Fatigue Loading ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Fatigue Performance ◽  
Bone Cements ◽  
Bending Modulus ◽  
Pmma Bone Cement

The incorporation of well-dispersed graphene (G) powder to polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement has been demonstrated as a promising solution to improving its mechanical performance. However, two crucial aspects limit the effectiveness of G as a reinforcing agent: (1) the poor dispersion and (2) the lack of strong interfacial bonds between G and the matrix of the bone cement. This work reports a successful functionalisation route to promote the homogenous dispersion of G via silanisation using 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane (MPS). Furthermore, the effects of the silanisation on the mechanical, thermal and biocompatibility properties of bone cements are presented. In comparison with unsilanised G, the incorporation of silanised G (G_MPS1 and G_MPS2) increased the bending strength by 17%, bending modulus by 15% and deflection at failure by 17%. The most impressive results were obtained for the mechanical properties under fatigue loading, where the incorporation of G_MPS doubled the Fatigue Performance Index (I) value of unsilanised G-bone cement—meaning a 900% increase over the I value of the cement without G. Additionally, to ensure that the silanisation did not have a negative influence on other fundamental properties of bone cement, it was demonstrated that the thermal properties and biocompatibility were not negatively impacted—allowing its potential clinical progression.

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